Nehru (31 page)

Pakistan by, 119, 148–49

Muslim League (
continued
)

hatred of Hindus expressed by,

139

in independent India, 235

relationship with daughter,

81–82, 128–29, 194–95,

231–32

relationship with father, 15–

16, 18, 50, 80–81, 129

returns to India, 19–21

socialist policies of, 174–79

spendthrift habits of, 14–15,

16, 38

travels of, 16, 22–23, 52–59,

112–14, 137

on war issue, 116–24

writings of, 46, 54, 56–57, 78–

79, 81–82, 90–91, 95–97,

122, 127

Nehru, Kamala Kaul (wife), 21–

22, 37–38, 52–54, 76, 82,

94–96, 127–28, 259

Nehru, Krishna (sister), 7–8, 76,

98, 128, 204

Nehru, Motilal (father)

about, 259

death of, 79–80

desire for son by, 1–2

financial problems of, 37,

38

Gandhi and, 29–30, 49

health problems of, 79

imprisonment of, 42–43, 44,

77–78

influence of, on Jawaharlal,

6–7, 80–81

investigation of Amritsar

Massacre by, 33–34

modern views of, 3–4, 9

Nehru Report of, 65–66, 67,

71

political activities of, 12, 24,

33–37, 48–49, 65–66, 69,

73

political differences between son and, 48–49, 56, 66

pride of, in son, 15, 44–45 relationship between

Jawaharlal and, 15–16,

18, 50, 129

success of, 5–6

Nehru, Swarup Rani (mother),

1, 2, 3, 6, 8–9, 22, 90,

112

Nehru Report, 65–66, 67, 71

Nehruvianism, 219–20

Nepal, 190

Nkrumah, Kwame, 199–200

Nonaligned movement, 151,

184, 186, 188–89, 208,

246–48

noncooperation movement, 27,

35, 36–37, 41–42, 43, 46,

120–21

nonviolence principle, 46

no-rent campaign, 88

Pakistan

British alliance with, 164–65

call for creation of, 119, 145–

46, 148–49

China and, 209

creation of, 154

debate over fate of, 139–40

Jinnah and, 139, 145–46, 148,

154

Muslim desire for, 135

Nehru on creation of, 135,

139–40, 143–45, 153–55

relations between India and,

167, 169–70

violence in creation of, 145–

49, 151–52, 155, 161–62

Pal, Bipin Chandra, 13–14, 30,

259

Hindu-Muslim relations and,

93, 167–68

identification with Indian

masses by, 38–40, 100–

101

imprisonment of, 42–46, 49–

50, 77–79, 88–92, 94–95,

121–22, 125–27

Indian National Congress and,

59–60, 112

interim government and, 152–

53

international affairs and, 58–

59, 112–14, 150–51,

182–91, 207–13

investigation of Amritsar

Massacre by, 33–34

Jinnah and, 104–5, 147–48

journalistic pursuits of, 30

Kashmir and, 141–43, 164–65

Khilafat movement and, 34–

35

law career of, 20

legacy of, 215, 219–20, 248–

51

creation of Indian identity,

224–29

Indian democracy, 220–31

Indian economy, 239–46

Nonaligned movement,

208, 246–48

secularism, 233–39

marriage of, 21–22, 37–38,

94–96

mayoralty of Allahabad, 50–

52

Mountbatten and, 162–63

Muslim League and, 106–9

negotiations between British

and, 139–41, 143–44,

146–47, 153–55

noncooperation movement and, 36–37, 41–42

on partition of India, 135,

139–40, 143–45, 153–55,

161–62

personal habits of, 196–98

personality of, 197–202

personal life of, 37–38, 150,

201

political activities of, 67–68,

99–103, 115–16

political differences between

father and, 48–49, 56, 66

political moderation of, 228–

29

political philosophy of, 174

political realism of, 66–67,

84–85, 101–2

political skills of, 39–40, 42

as prime minister of India,

ix–x, 156–214

China policies of, 208–13

criticism of, 202, 207–8

domestic issues while,

202–3

elections, 172–73, 192, 207

failures of, 208–14

foreign policy of, 182–91,

207–13

governmental corruption

during, 204–6

nondictatorial stance of,

180–82

policies of, 174–79

power of, 179–80

speeches by, 203–4

successor to, 194–96

wish to resign of, 193–94

Nehru, Jawaharlal (
continued
)

protests against British led by,

64–65, 88

radicalization of, 12–13, 25–27

Sapru, Sir Tej Bahadur, xv, 63,

73, 77, 261

satyagraha vow, 26, 28, 29–30

science and technology, 245–46

Second World War, 116–24

secularism, 167–68, 233–39

self-reliance, 240–46

self-sufficiency, 240–46

Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 215

Shastri, Pandit Din Dayal, 2

Shaw, George Bernard, 13

Sikhs, 49–50, 202–3

Simla Conference, 140–41

Simon, Sir John, 64

Simon Commission, 63–65, 71

Singh, Bhagat, 71–72, 87

Singh, Sardar Baldev, 156, 261

Sinn Fein movement, 12–13

socialism, 55, 57, 101–2, 171,

174, 241–46

Socialists, 94, 97, 166, 173

South Africa, 26–27

Soviet Russia
(Nehru), 56–57

Soviet Union, 56–58, 121, 174–

75, 186–88

Spain, 112

Sriramulu, Potti, 173

Stevenson, Adlai, 249–50

Suez Canal, 189–90

Sun Yat-sen, Madame, 56

Swadeshi movement, 12

Swaraj Party, xiv, 48–49

Swatantra Party, 179

Tagore, Rabindranath, 32, 100

Talbot, Phillips, 139, 140, 190,

198–99

Tandon, Purushottam Das, 51,

170, 261

Teja, Jayanti Dharma, 205

Thailand, 185

Tibet, 209, 210

Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, xiv, 12,

24, 35, 51, 261

Tito, 184, 208

Towards Freedom
(Nehru), 57

Townsend, Meredith, 13

Trinity College, 13

Turkey, 34–35

Tyabji, Badruddin (president of

Indian National

Congress), 104

Tyabji, Badruddin (diplomat),

247

Unionist Party, xvi

United Provinces (U.P.), 36

United Provinces Political

Conference, 26

United States

imperialism of, 58

Indian foreign policy and, 183,

186, 188, 207, 212

Nehru's views on, 121

during World War II, 123, 124

Untouchables, 92, 236–39

Vajpayee, Atal Behari, 248–49,

261–62

Walli, Abdul, 107

Wavell, Lord, 124, 133, 134,

139, 262

Willingdon, Lord, 89, 262

Wolpert, Stanley, 16–17, 169

World War II, 112–14, 116–24

Yugoslavia, 184

Zakaria, Rafiq, 222

Panch Sheel agreement, 184,

208–9

Pandit, Ranjit (brother-in-law),

122, 130, 259

“Pandit, The” (Nash), 207–8

Pandit, Vijayalakshmi (sister),

7–8, 88–89, 128, 187,

259–60

partition

See also
Pakistan

of Bengal, by British, 11–12

of India, 135, 139–40, 143–49,

151–55, 161–62

Pasternak, Boris, 190

Patel, Sardar Vallabhbhai, 69–

70, 87, 100, 138, 144,

156–57, 161, 164, 168–

71, 260

Patel, V. J., 73

peasantry.
See
Indian masses

Peshawar disturbances, 77

Pethick-Lawrence, Lord, 138,

203

Plan Balkan, 152–53

Poland, 116

Pollitt, Harry, 55

Portugal, 206

Prasad, Rajendra, 168–69, 171–

72, 260

Press Act of 1910, 23n

protectionism, 177

Quit India movement, 125–26,

130

Rai, Lala Lajpat, 64, 260

Rajagopalachari, C., 111, 116, 122,

123, 138, 168, 260–61

Rao, P. V. Narasimha, 244, 247–

48

Rao, Raja, 249

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

(RSS), xvi, 167, 168,

234n

religion

See also
Hindu-Muslim

relations

conflicts caused by, 47–48

Nehru's views on, 47–48, 92,

107–8, 233–34

role of, in modern Indian

politics, 234–39

Republican Congress, 62

Republic Day, 75, 168

rioting

after partition, 161–62

in Calcutta, 145–46, 147

over creation of Pakistan,

145–49, 151–52, 155

Roads to Freedom
(Russell), 174

Rolland, Romain, 56

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 124

Rosenthal, A. M., 223

Round Table Conferences, 82–

85, 89

Rowlatt Act, 26, 26n, 29

Roy, M. N., 68

Russell, Bertrand, 48, 174, 180

Russian Revolution, 56–57

salt tax, 75–76

Sangh Parivar, xvii, 234n