Nelson: Britannia's God of War (80 page)

93 Minto 23.2.1803; Minto II pp. 273–4

94 Nelson to Addington 8.3.1803; Nicolas V pp. 47–9. Curiously Vincent misdates this letter to 1802, pp. 472–4

95 Ziegler,
Addington
p. 184, citing the original note

96
Nelson to Addington 23.4.1803; to Rose 15.5.1803; Nicolas V pp. 59–60, 65

97 Nelson to Murray 22.3.1803; Nelson to St Vincent 24.3.1803; Nelson to Berry 26.3.1803; Nicolas V pp. 50–1

98 Glenbervie I p. 338. Farington II p. 20. The busts were modelled by Whig artist Mrs Darner. Foreman,
Georgiana
, p. 47.

99 Ziegler,
Addington
p. 184.

1 Nelson to Davison; to St Vincent 6.5.1803; Nicolas V p. 63

2 Admiralty to Bickerton 1.2.1803; ADM 2/1360

3 Admiralty to Bickerton 7.3.1803; ADM 2/1360

4 Admiralty to Bickerton 7.5.1803; ADM 2/1360

5 Ziegler, pp. 197–8

6 Admiralty to Nelson 18.5.1803 Secret; ADM 2/1360. The next Admiralty letter was sent on 9.11.1803

7 Nelson to St Vincent 22.5. to Admiralty and Cornwallis 23.5.1805; Nicolas V pp. 71–5. Cornwallis to Nelson 25.5.1803; CRK /2

8 Nelson to Emma 20.5.1803; Morrison II p. 210–1. 23.5.1803; Nicolas V p. 73

9 Scott to Emma 3.6.1803; Nelson to Emma 10.6.1803 Morrison II pp. 212–13. See Nelson to Emma 4.6.1805: Pettigrew II p. 473 and compare with Monmouth EL167 to see how far Pettigrew removed the passion that distinguished this correspondence from that with Fanny.

10 Nelson to Acton 10.6.1803 Public and private letters; he also wrote on the same day to both the King and the Queen; Nicolas V pp. 81–5

11 Nelson to Acton 19.6.1803; Nicolas V p. 92

12 Ferdinand to Nelson 20.6.1803; CRK/3

13 Nelson to Jackson 10.6.1803; to Drummond
c.
11.6.1803; Nicoals V pp. 85–7

14 Nelson to Addington 4.6.1803; Nicolas V p. 79

15 Nelson to Hardy and Admiralty 1.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 112–14

16 Lord Hobart to Nelson 23.8.1803; Nicolas V pp. 220–1

17 Nelson to Davison 27.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 143–4

18 Nelson to St Vincent; to Moira 2.7.1803; Nicoals V pp. 114–15

19 Nelson to St Vincent 4.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 116–17

20 Nelson to Captain Richardson HMS
Juno
26.6.1803; Nicolas V p. 103

21 Nelson to Elliot; to Acton 25.6.1803; there were public and private letters to both men. Nicolas V pp. 95–101

22 Nelson to Villettes 26.6.1803; Nicolas V pp. 104–5

23 Nelson to Clarence 6 and 17.4.1803; Nicolas V pp. 57–9

24 Troubridge to Nelson 27.6.1803; CRK/13

25 Melville to Nelson various; CRK/8. Nelson to Henry Duncan 4.10.1804; Nicolas VI p. 216. Lord Duncan to Nelson 18.7.1803; CRK/4

26 St Vincent to Nelson various 1803–04; CRK/11. Admiral Sir Peter Parker to Nelson 20.8.1803; CRK/10

27 Layman to Nelson 27.6.1803; Add. 34,919 f.173

28 James Duff at Cadiz, Price at Cartagena and Hunter at Madrid all provided vital evidence while Spain remained neutral; CRK/4 /7 /10

29 Duff to Nelson 8.10.1803; CRK/7

30 Foresti to Nelson 2.7.1803; CRK/5. Hawkesbury to Nelson 8.7.1803; CRK/6

31 Noble to Nelson 4.7.1803; CRK/9

32 Wellesley to Nelson 9.11.1803; CRK/13

33 List of books June 1803; Add. 34,919 f. 180

34 Nelson to Davison 24.8.1803; Nicolas V p. 175. 35 Davison to Nelson various; CRK/2

36 Nelson to Emma 5 and 8.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 117–20

37 Nelson to St Vincent 8 and 13 7.1803; to Villettes 9.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 122–36

38 Nelson to Elliot 11.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 129–30

39 Nelson to St Vincent 5.10.1803; Nicolas V p. 223

40 Nicolas prints a sample section for 25–31.10.1803; Nicolas V p. 273

41 Mahan,
Nelson
,
2nd edn. pp. 572–3

42 Nelson to Ball 16.9.1803; Nicolas V pp. 203–5

43 Nelson to Addington 16.7.1803; to St Vincent 21.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 136–8

44 Drummond to Nelson 22.7.1803; CRK/4

45 This was his ‘Guardian Angel’, painted in Dresden by Schmitt for Hugh Elliot, then British Minister at the Saxon Court..

46 Gatty,
Recollections
of
the
Life
of
the
Reverend
A
J
Scott
DD
Lord
Nelson’s
Chaplain
.provides
first-hand testimony, although more interested in the picturesque, and doubtless somewhat censored by contemporary views on the role of intelligence gathering, and Nelson’s private affairs. Reprinted as
Nelson’s
Spy?
in 2003, a title reflecting modern taste.

47 Nelson to Ryves 2.11.1803; to Ball 7.11.1803; Nicolas V pp. 277–8 and 282–4. See Add. 34,919 for a range of Nelson’s chart and intelligence papers, including Ryves’ report.

48 Nelson to Admiralty 12.7.1803; Nicolas V pp. 133–4

49 Baird to Nelson 30.101803; CRK/1

50 Nelson to Moseley 11.3.1804; Nicolas V pp. 437–8

51 Crimmin, ‘Letters and Documents relating to the Service of Nelson’s Ships’

52 Nelson to Minto 11.1.1804; Nicolas V pp. 365–7

53 Mackesy,
War
in
the
Mediterranean
p. 62

54 Nelson to Cornwallis 31.7.1803;
Manuscripts
of
Cornwallis
p. 399

55 Admiralty to Nelson 13.1.1804 (Secret); ADM 2/1362

56 Nelson memo. 28.4.1804 and Sailing Direction for Leghorn nd. Nicolas V pp. 519–21

57 Nelson to Sir William Bolton 3.5.1804; Nicolas VI pp. 2–3 is typical of his mastery of local detail.

58 Nelson Disposition of the Fleet 21.6.1804; Nicolas VI pp. 79–81

59 Nelson to Lord Melville 10.3.1805; Nicolas VI p. 353. This is the letter that inspired Nicolas to compile his edition. It concerns the unfortunate Captain Layman, who had lost two ships in quick succession, and been censured for the second loss, much to Nelson’s dismay, as Layman was a very successful intelligence officer.

60 Nelson to Emma 2.10.1804; Morrison II pp. 240–1

61 Nelson to Berry 8.8.1804; Nicolas VI p. 146

62 Captain Capel to Nelson 20.11.1804; CRK/3

63 Nelson to Emma 12.8.1804; – Melville and to Elliot 15.8.1804; Nicolas VI pp. 152–7

64 Nelson to Elliot 7.10.1804; Nicolas VI pp. 221–2

65 Nelson to Ball 3.8.1804; Nicolas VI p. 131

66
Nelson to General Villettes (Malta); Nicolas VI pp. 189–90

67 Nelson to Ball 6.9.1804; Nicolas VI pp. 191–3

68 Nelson to Emma 23.11.1804; Nicolas VI p. 278

69 Nelson to Ball 15.12.1804 Nicolas VI pp. 285–6

70 Nelson to Davison 29.12.1804; Nicolas VI pp. 306–7

71 Orde to Admiralty 27.3.1805; Nicolas VI pp. 383–4. Orde was never again employed.

72 Hunter to Nelson 1804; CRK/7. Trigge to Nelson 27.10.1804; CRK/12

73 Admiralty to Orde 15.11.1804; ADM 2 /1362

74 Nelson to Admiralty 29.1.1805,18.2.1805. Nelson to Ball 11.2.1805; Nicolas VI pp. 332–4

75 Nelson to Admiralty 13.3.1705; Nicolas VI p. 357

76 Collingwood to Nelson 13.12.1804; CRK/3

77 Nelson to Collingwood 13.3.1805; Nicolas VI p. 35

78 Nelson to Lord Moira n.d.; Nicolas VI p. 310

79 Gillespie to Nelson 12.4.1805; CRK/6

80 Nelson to Admiral Lord Radstock 1.4.1805; Nicolas VI pp. 391–2

1 Desbrière,
Projets
et
tentatives
de
débarquement
aux
I
les
Britanniques
1792
–
1805,
5 vols. Paris 1900–2

2 Nelson to Emma 4.4.1805; Morrison II p. 256

3 Nelson to Ball 6.4.1805; Nicolas VI p. 399

4 This chapter is largely based on Julian Corbett’s brilliant survey,
The
Campaign
of
Trafalgar
, a text developed through his teaching on the Naval War Course. Aside from a few errors in footnotes, and the occasional heavy hint to his high-ranking pupils that they would face similar problems, and might profit from the example, it remains a compelling work.

5 The official correspondence for this period is very full, and reveals a clear and effective direction. ADM 1/4206; 2/149–150; 2/1363 (Secret) 2/923; 3/154 and War Office WO 1/282; 1/711

6 Nelson to Davison 7.5.1805; Nicolas VI p. 427

7 Nelson to Emma 16.5.1805; Nicolas VI pp. 441–2. Pettigrew prints other letters but badly edited. The originals are at Monmouth.

8 Waters,
The
Art
of
Navigation
in
England
in
Elizabethan
and
Early
Stuart
Times,
pp. 262–3. Hakluyt’s
Principal
Navigations
was a compendium of Tudor and early Stuart sea knowledge. It must be presumed that Nelson owned a copy, and consulted it.

9 Nelson to Davison 12.6.1805; Nicolas VI pp. 453–4

10 Matra (Consul at Tetuan) to Nelson 17.7.1805; CRK/9. Matra had been to the Pacific with Cook.

11 Nelson to Davison 24.7.1805; Nicolas VI p. 494

12 Villeneuve to Decrès 13.8.1805; Corbett p. 257

13 Cornwallis to Nelson 1.8.1805; CRK/2 A few weeks later Cornwallis would bitterly regret that he had not called Nelson over, so that they could meet one last time.

14 Fremantle to Nelson 15.8.1805; CRK/6

15 Nelson to Rear Admiral Louis 15.8.1805; Nelson to Fremantle 16.8.1805; Nicolas VII pp. 4–5

16 Nelson to Admiralty 18.8.1805; Nicolas VII pp. 8–9. Rose to Nelson 20.8.1805; Add. 34,930 f. 167.

17 Clarence to Keats 22.8.1805; Keats MSS NMM KEA/3; Hood to Nelson 22.8.1805; Keats to Nelson 23.8.1805; Add. 34,930 ff.187–90

18 Nelson to Keats 24.8.1805; Nicolas VII pp. 15–16

19 Hood to Nelson 26.8.1805; Add. 34,930 f. 250

20 Rose to Nelson 26.8.1805; Add. 34,930 f. 251. Nelson to Sir Richard Neave, Chair of the West India Committee 27.8.1805; Nicolas VII pp. 17–18

21 Exeter to Nelson 25.8.1805; Add. 34,930 f. 235.

22 Minto II p. 368

23 Ehrman III pp. 789–90.

24 Barham to Pitt and enclosure 4.9.1805; Instructions for Lord Nelson 5.9.1805; Laughton ed.
The
Barham
Papers
III.
London, Navy Records Society 1910 pp. 312–15.

25 Minto II p. 369

26 Admiralty to Collingwood 4.9.1805; ADM 1/1363. Hardy to Nelson 3.9.1805; Add,. 34,931 f3o.

27 Marsden and McArthur 6.9.1805. Bligh and Saumarez 10.9.1806; Lord Mulgrave 12.9.1805. Add. 34,931 ff. 111–80. Dalrymple 31.8.1805 Add.34,93o f319.

28 Nelson to Davison 6.9.1805; to Collingwood 7.9.1805; Nicolas VII pp. 30–2

29 Lady Bessborough to Lord Granville Leveson Gower 12 & 13.9.1805: Countess Granville ed.
Lord
Granville
Leveson
Gower,
First
Lord
Granville:
Private
Correspondence
1781
–
1821.
London 1916 Vol. II pp.112–4. Lady Bessborough was Gower’s mistress, and had his child.

30 Nelson to Emma 1.10.1805; Morrison II p. 267. He invited the young man to dine with him.

31 Sidmouth to Nelson 10.9.1805; Add. 34,931 f. 125

32 Ziegler,
Addington
, pp. 244–5.

33 Stanhope,
Life
of
Pitt
, IV p. 330.

34 John Wilson Croker Diary entry of 1.10.1834, minuting a conversation with Wellington on that day. Croker was a lifelong confidant of the Duke, and a key figure in the creation of the Nelson legend.

35 Col. McMahon to Nelson 11.9.1805; Morrison II p. 265

1 Castlereagh to Nelson and Matra (Consul at Tangier) 14.9.1805; Add. 34,931 ff.192–3

2 Nelson to Matra 25.9.1805; Frost, A.
The
Precarious
Life
of
James
Mario
Matra.
Melbourne, 1995, pp. 137–8. .

3 Nelson to Emma 17.9.1805; Nicolas VII p. 40

4 See for example Nelson to Emma 20.9.1805; Morrison II p. 266

5 Collingwood to Admiralty 30.8.1805; Add. 34,930 f. 304.