No Contest (60 page)

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Authors: Alfie Kohn

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Helping behavior,
[>]
,
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–
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,
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,
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–
[>]
.
See also
Altruism

Hendin, Herbert,
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–
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,
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Henry, Jules,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Heraclitus,
[>]
n
.

Hirsch, Fred,
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Hobbes, Thomas,
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,
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,
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,
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Hoch, Paul,
[>]
n
.
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
[>]

Hoffman, Martin L.,
[>]
n
;.24,
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n
.
[>]

Hofstadter, Richard,
[>]
,
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,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Holt, John,
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Homeostasis,
[>]
–
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,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Horner, Matina,
[>]
–
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,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Horney, Karen,
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,
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n
. ,
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
[>]
,
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–
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,
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Huizinga, Johan,
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,
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–
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“Human nature,”
[>]
–
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,
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,
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–
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Imagining the real,
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Independent goal achievement,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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n
.
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Individualism,
[>]
,
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–
[>]
,
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–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
.
See also
Conformity

Inequity.
See
Economic maldistribution in competitive societies

Insatiability,
[>]

Intentional competition: affected by structural competition,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
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–
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; as cause of structural competition,
[>]
; causes of,
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–
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,
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–
[>]
; defined,
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–
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; as habitual,
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; and hostility,
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,
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–
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; negatively related to success,
[>]
–
[>]
; prevalence in lower classes,
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–
[>]
; reducing,
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–
[>]

Interdisciplinary scholarship,
[>]

Intimacy, instant, in U.S.,
[>]

Inuit of Canada,
[>]

Iroquois,
[>]

Isolation,
[>]
,
[>]
.
See also
Competition: effect of, on relationships

 

Jacklin, Carol,
[>]
,
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Japanese,
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,
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,
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,
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Johnson, David and Roger,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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Johnson, William O.,
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,
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n
.
[>]

Journalism,
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–
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,
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Kafka, Franz,
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Kagan, Jerome,
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Kagan, Spencer,
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
[>]

Kalahari Bushmen,
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Kant, Immanuel,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Kelley, Harold H.,
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–
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,
[>]
–
[>]

Keynes, John Maynard,
[>]

Kibbutzniks,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Kierkegaard, Sören,
[>]

Kikuyu of Kenya,
[>]

King, Gillian,
[>]

King of the Mountain,
[>]

Knowles, John,
[>]

Kohlberg, Lawrence,
[>]

Kohn, Alfie,
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
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n
.
[>]
,
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n
.
[>]
,
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n
.
[>]

Kropotkin, Petr,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Kwakiutl,
[>]

 

Lakoff, Robin,
[>]

Landry, Tom,
[>]

Lasch, Christopher,
[>]

Lear, Norman,
[>]

Learning.
See
Education

Learning theory,
[>]
–
[>]

Legal system, adversarial model of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
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,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Leisure,
[>]
n
.

Lentz, Theodore F.,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Leonard, George,
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
[>]

Levin, Jenifer,
[>]

Lewin, Kurt,
[>]
n
.

Lewis, C. S.,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Lewis, Sinclair,
[>]

Lewontin, Richard,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
n
.
[>]

Lifton, Robert Jay,
[>]
,
[>]

Little League,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Locke, Edwin,
[>]
–
[>]

Lombardi, Vince,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Lorenz, Konrad,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Losing: and aggression,
[>]
; fear of,
[>]
,
[>]
; penalties for,
[>]
–
[>]
; psychological implications of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
; vs. failure,
[>]
–
[>]

Love, competition for,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Lüschen, Günther,
[>]
,
[>]

 

MacArthur, Douglas,
[>]
,
[>]

Maccoby, Eleanor,
[>]
,
[>]

Madsen, Millard C.,
[>]

Malthus, Thomas,
[>]

Mansbridge, Jane,
[>]
n
.
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,
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n
.
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Marcel, Gabriel,
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Martens, Rainer,
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Maslow, Abraham,
[>]
n
. ,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
[>]

May, Mark A.,
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,
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,
[>]
n
.
[>]

May, Rollo,
[>]
,
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–
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,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Mazlish, Elaine,
[>]

McLuhan, Marshall,
[>]

McMurty, John,
[>]
–
[>]

Mead, Margaret,
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–
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,
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–
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,
[>]

Means interdependence, task,
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–
[>]

Meggyesy, Dave,
[>]

Men and competition,
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–
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,
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–
[>]

Mexicans,
[>]
,
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–
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,
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Michener, James,
[>]

Mills, C. Wright,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Montagu, Ashley,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
n
.
[>]

Monty Python,
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Moral reasoning: different for women,
[>]
–
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; lower for aggressors,
[>]
–
[>]
; lower when competing,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Morgan, George W.,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Motive for success,
[>]
,
[>]

Motive to avoid success.
See
Fear of success

Moulton, Janice,
[>]

Movies.
See
Films

Music competitions,
[>]
,
[>]

Musical chairs,
[>]

Mutually exclusive goal attainment (MEGA),
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,
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,
[>]
,
[>]

 

Nations, competition among,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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,
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–
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Natural selection,
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–
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Nelson, Janice,
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Nerd stigma,
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Neurosis and competition,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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Norwegians,
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Novak, Michael,
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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–
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

 

Objectification,
[>]
–
[>]

Oedipal crisis,
[>]
–
[>]
,
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,
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–
[>]

Ogilvie, Bruce,
[>]
,
[>]

Orlick, Terry,
[>]
–
[>]
,
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,
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,
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–
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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n
. ,
[>]
n
.
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,
[>]
n
.
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,
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n
.
[>]

O'Roark, Mary Ann,
[>]

Orwell, George,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

 

Parenti, Michael,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Parking,
[>]

Paterno, Joe,
[>]

Pepitone, Emmy,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Perception of others' competitiveness,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Percy, Walker,
[>]

Perspective-taking,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Petersdorf, Robert G.,
[>]

Piaget, Jean,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
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–
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Pines, Maya,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Play,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
; defined,
[>]
; as non-homeostatic,
[>]
–
[>]
; practical uses of,
[>]
; relationship of, to competition,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
n
.
[>]
; rules in,
[>]

Politics, competition vs. consensus in,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]
; corruption in,
[>]
,
[>]

Poverty and hunger,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Pride,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Primitive cultures, competition vs. cooperation in,
[>]
–
[>]

Prisoner's Dilemma,
[>]
,
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–
[>]
,
[>]

Problem-solving, under competition vs. cooperation,
[>]
,
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–
[>]

Process orientation and product orientation,
[>]
,
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–
[>]
,
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–
[>]
,
[>]
n
.

Productivity: from group's perspective,
[>]
–
[>]
; from long-range perspective,
[>]
–
[>]

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