Nutrition (34 page)

Read Nutrition Online

Authors: Sarah Brewer

Tags: #-

BOOK: Nutrition
8.06Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
and mouth bacteria
151
and obesity
221
and salt
160–61
and selenium
195
and statins
36
,
133
and tea
125
and tomatoes
129–30
and weight loss
227
hemp pasta
181
hemp seeds/oil
194
hepatic artery
9
hepatic portal vein
6
,
9
hepatocytes
9
,
59
herbicides
167–9
homeostasis
148
hormone-replacement therapy (HRT)
123
hormones
94
,
224–7
hydrolyzed plant protein (HPP)
164
hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP)
164
hypertension
135
,
159–60
inflammatory diseases
28
,
30
insulin resistance
179
,
225
,
227
iron
absorption
84
,
96–7
,
98
,
106
,
186
,
216
deficiency
106–7
dietary sources
106
,
186
function
105–6
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
toxicity
107–8
UK intake
63
t
,
64
t
and vegetarianism
215–16
irritable bowel syndrome
97
,
109
,
139
,
141
isoflavones
119–23
,
193
Japanese diet
119–20
,
121
,
122
jejunum
4–7
,
8
,
95
Jerusalem artichokes
187
joules
38–9
Kashin-Beck disease
99
,
113
kidney beans
192
t
,
193
kidney stones
86
,
100
,
153
kilocalories (Calories)
38–9
kilojoules
38–9
Krebs cycle
50–51
lactase
5
,
197–8
lactic acid
49
lactic-acid bacteria
137–42
lactitol
21
lactose intolerance
10
,
196–8
lactose (milk sugar)
5
,
15
,
196
large intestines
7–8
,
21–2
LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol
26
,
35–7
,
121
,
194
,
227
legumes
191–3
lentils
192
t
,
193
leptin hormone
225
lignans
119
,
193
linoleic acid (LA)
28
,
29
t
,
194
lipase
5
,
6
lipid peroxides
27
lipoproteins
VLDL
59
liver
and acid-forming foods
154
and cholesterol
33
function
6
,
9–10
glucose production
55–7
glucose storage
57–9
non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD)
59
,
154
,
178
of polar bears
71
low-calorie diets
xi–xii
,
220
,
228
low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets
178
,
230–31
low-fat diets
229–30
low-glycaemic diets
231
lutein
131–2
lycopene
129–30
lymphatic system
6
,
9
Lyon Diet Heart Study
208–9
macadamia nuts
194
,
195
macronutrients
xii
,
12–37
macular degeneration
131–2
magnesium
absorption
96
,
98
deficiency
65
,
108–9
dietary sources
108
,
170
function
77
,
108
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
supplements
109
UK intakes
63
t
,
64
t
maltitol
21
maltose
15
manganese
94
,
95
t
,
170
margarine
31
,
32
,
33
,
205
meal-replacement products
231–2
Mediterranean diet
207–9
menopause
122–3
mercury, in fish
201–2
metabolic rate
39–40
minerals
bioavailablity
95–8
deficiency
62–6
,
93
dietary sources
169–70
,
181
,
186
,
191
,
192
,
193
,
206
and gut disorders
97
and health
65–6
recommended and upper safe levels
94–5
t
mitochondria
44–5
molybdenum
94
,
98
monosaccharides
15–16
monosodium glutamate (MSG)
164
monounsaturated fat
24
,
25
t
,
26–7
,
171
,
193–4
mouth
1–2
muscle cells
45
MyPyramid
175–6
neural tube defects
82–3
niacin (vitamin B3)
67
t
,
74–6
nicotinamide adenine dinucelotide phosphate (NADP)
75
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
51
,
75
obesity
apple-shaped/visceral
223
health risks
221
hereditary nature of
223
and hormones
224–7
statistics of
219–20
,
220
t
see also
weight loss
obestatin hormone
224
oestrogen
120
oligosaccharides
15–16
omega-3 fatty acids
27–31
,
31–2
,
181
,
194
,
198–200
,
204
,
205
see also
fish oils
omega-6 fatty acids
27–31
,
194
,
205
ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) score
187–91
,
192
t
,
195
t
organic foods
166–70
,
185
osteomalacia
89
osteoporosis
99
,
104
,
147
,
153–4
,
161
ovo-lacto vegetarianism
214
,
215
oxyntomodulin hormone
226
pancreas
4
,
17
,
53
Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) hormone
226
pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
67
t
,
76–7
parathyroid glands
148
peanuts
195
pellagra
75
Peptide-YY (PYY) hormone
226
peptides
5
peristalsis
7–8
pernicious anaemia
79
,
80
peroxides
27
pesticides
167–9
phenols
118–27
phosphorus
95
t
,
96
,
110
,
170
phytic acid
97–8
phytochemicals
117–37
beneficial effects
117
carotenoids
127–32
catechins
124–6
food sources
123
,
170
,
186
,
192
phenols
118–27
sulphur-containing compounds
133–7
phytoestrogens
119–23
,
193
phytosterols
37
,
132–3
piscivores
214
pituitary gland
84
plant sterols/stanols
37
,
132–3
polar-bear liver
71
polyols
21
polysaccharides
15–16
polyunsaturated fat
24
,
25
t
,
27
,
171
,
193–4
porridge oats
37
potassium
blood levels of
148
deficiency
111
dietary sources
111
,
162
,
170
function
101
,
111
,
114
,
162
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
toxicity
111–12
UK intake
63
t
,
64
t
potatoes
187
prebiotics
142
pregnant women
and allergies
141–2
and iodine
105
and liver products
71
,
203
oily fish consumption
202
and soy foods
120
supplements
79
,
82–3
vitamin D and miscarriage
89

Other books

The Song Of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin
The Raven Ring by Patricia C. Wrede
Divine Party by Raelynn Blue
STARTING OVER by Clark, Kathy
The Clintons' War on Women by Roger Stone, Robert Morrow
Because I am a Girl by Tim Butcher