On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears (68 page)

and Cain,
89

and Christianity,
90
–91

as curiosity,
123

and Golem,
11
–12

and Ham,
85

and heroics,
102

lost tribes,
90

and Muslims,
241

and Nazis,
235
,
238
–239

portrayed in film,
255

on souls,
79

and xenophobia,
87

Jim Crow era,
233

Job (biblical),
64
–65,
106

John of Patmos,
67

Johnson, Mark,
13
,
14

Johnson, William Henry,
138
–139,
139

Jones, E. Michael,
195
–196

Journey to Paradise
(Alexander),
100

Judgement Day,
100

Julian the Apostate,
86

Jung, Carl,
225
,
278

justice,
53
,
211

Kafka, Franz,
252

Kandahar, Afghanistan,
253

Kant, Immanuel,
186
–187,
191

karnapravarana
(giant-eared races),
37

Katz, Jack,
211

Kazmierczak, Steven,
203
–204,
204
–205,
245
–246

Kelsey, Willie,
204

Kenya,
278

Khmer Rouge prison S21,
7
–9,
8

Khomeini, Ruhollah,
241

Kiehl, Kent A.,
223

Kimball, Moses,
136
,
138

King, Stephen,
183
,
185
,
195

King Kong,
201

Klebold, Dylan,
204

Knott, Elizabeth,
109

Konner, Melvin,
223

Kottelat, Maurice,
177

“The Kraken” (Tennyson),
185

Kraken sea monster,
2
,
185

Krishna,
66

Krueger, Alan,
249

Krueger, Freddy,
195

Kubrick, Stanley,
193

Ku Klux Klan,
233

Kyoto agreement,
248

La Chanson de Roland
,
102

Lakoff, George,
13
,
14

La Mettrie, Julien Offray de,
150
–151

language,
238
–239

lanugo
,
168

Last House on the Left
,
197

Lawrence, William,
152
,
153
,
159
,
160
–162,
167

Lazarus and Baptista (conjoined twins),
83
,
84

Leach, Harvey,
138

Lean, David,
235

Leatherface,
195

Lecter, Hannibal,
195

Lectures on Physiology, Zoology and the Natural History of Man
(Lawrence),
153

Leopold, Nathan,
205
–208,
206
,
217
–218,
245

Letter to Aristotle
(Alexander),
94

Leviathan,
64
,
65
–66,
185

Levi-Strauss, Claude,
197

Levy, Steven,
259
–260

Lewis, Meriwether,
32

Lewis, Robert,
232

Liber Monstrorum
(Book of Monsters),
94
,
126
,
127

Libya,
78

Life of Anthony
(Athanasius),
106
–107

Life Plus 99 Years
(Leopold),
205

limbs, severed,
188
,
190
,
193

liminal beings,
40
,
269

Link, Luther,
64

Linnaeus, Carl,
123
–125,
124
,
128
,
129

Lives of the Caesars
(Suetonius),
30
–31

Lives of the Saints
(Orchard),
100

Livy,
39
,
40
–41,
50

Loch Ness Monster,
279

Locke, John,
236

Loeb, Richard,
205
–208,
206
,
217
–218,
245

Loew, Judah,
11
,
12

Lombroso, Cesare,
283

Lost Highway
,
193

Lovecraft, H. P.,
184
–185,
186
,
191
,
192
,
194
,
200

Lucas, Henry Lee,
280

The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil
(Zimbardo),
244
–245

luck, role of,
59
–60

Lucretius,
44
,
47
,
49
–50

Luther, Martin,
68
,
70
–71,
142

Lyell, Charles,
166

Lynch, David,
193

lynchings,
232
–233

Macbeth
(Shakespeare),
130

Macedonian Empire,
69

macromutation

Darwin’s objection to,
166
–169,
179

and evo-devo,
178

Goldschmidt on,
170
–171

and hopeful monsters,
170
–171,
173
,
175
,
178
–179

and micromutations,
175

Owen’s proposal of,
165
–166

and speciation,
168
–169

and zebra fish mutations,
177

Mahabharata
,
37

Mailer, Norman,
255

Maimonides,
70

Malawi,
278

maleficium, acts of,
113
,
114

malformations,
160
,
283

malignant hearts,
227
–228

Malleus Maleficarum
,
113
–114,
115
,
117

Malthus, Thomas,
168

Mandeville, Sir John,
27
,
90
–91

manipulation,
220

manliness,
23
–25,
95
,
99
–100

Mansfield, Harvey,
25

Manson, Charles,
195
,
280

manticores,
33
,
34
,
35

mappaemundi
,
87
–88,
89

mark of the beast,
68

Marlowe, Christopher,
131

Marshal, Elaine,
233

martyrs,
249

marvelous, three levels of response to,
130
–132,
140

marvels,
146

Marx, Karl,
243

mastodons,
31
,
32

materialism,
43
,
143
,
145
,
148
–151,
152
–153,
159

The Matrix
films,
258
,
267

Mayor, Adrienne,
27
,
28
,
29
–30

McCarthy, Cormac,
25
,
197

McElrath-Bey, Xavier,
247

McMahon, Lena,
232

MDARS-E armed robots,
259

Mealy, Linda,
225

Medea,
55
–57,
56
,
58
,
59
,
210

media,
226
,
239
,
245
,
258

Median Empire,
69

medieval monsters,
63
–120

Alexander’s Gates,
86
–93

and Beowulf,
23
,
94
–102,
252
,
281

biblical monsters,
63
–73

genealogy of monsters,
84
–86

and reconfiguration of heroics,
99
–100

theological understanding of,
71
,
75
–83,
163
–164

See also
demons and devils; witches

Medina, David,
279

Medusa,
190
,
191

“Medusa’s Head” (Freud),
190

Megalonyx (“Great Claw”),
32

megalonyxes,
32

Megasthenes,
36

Mekong River,
1

Mendelian genetics,
170

mental illness,
115

mermaids,
136
,
140

mermen,
30

metamorphosis,
155

metaphor, monsters as,
13
–14

Michael (biblical),
67

microcephalics,
138
–139

micromutation,
174
–175,
178

Middle East,
233
–234

A Midsummer Night’s Dream
(Shakespeare),
130

midwives,
112

Milgram, Stanley,
7
,
244

mimesis,
34
–35

Minotaurs,
40
,
191

Minsky, Marvin,
261

missing links,
139

misunderstood monsters archetype,
11
–12

modernity,
186
,
202
,
212

monk-calf monster,
142

monkeys,
3
,
5

monotheism,
63

monster

concept,
7
,
253
,
282
–283

term,
8
,
13
,
15
,
228
,
253

“The Monster” (Crane),
231
–232

Monster
(film),
59

Montaigne, Michel de,
xv

moral depravity,
142
–143

Mori, Masahiro,
190
–191

morphology,
164
–165,
172

mortality,
266

Morton, Samuel George,
238

mosaic beings,
40

Mosse, George,
238

mothers

Medea,
55
–57,
56
,
58
,
210

Susan Smith,
59
,
231

mouthless humans,
77

movies.
See
films mucus,
184

mules,
167

Mulholland Drive
,
193

multilingualism,
85

murder,
210
,
246

murderabilia,
279
,
280

Muslims.
See
Islam and Muslims mutation

and Darwinian evolution,
166
–169

and developmental patterns,
172

early theories,
163
–166

and evo-devo,
175
–178

macromutation,
165
–166,
166
–169,
170
–171,
175
,
177
,
178

micromutation,
174
–175,
178

and morphology,
172
–175

See also
evolution

Myers, Michael,
195

“Mythic Creatures: Dragons, Unicorns and Mermaids,”
280

mythic narratives,
197
–198

nanotechnology,
260

narcissism

and criminal minds,
211
,
218

in film,
212

Freudian theory on,
188
–189,
191
,
192

Native Americans,
236
–237,
238

natural history,
27
,
32
–36,
188

Natural History
(Pliny the Elder)

authoritative status of,
33
,
77

on griffins,
27

on hermaphrodites,
42

and
Mirabilibus
,
88

naturalism

criticisms of,
162

on functions,
157

and Hunter,
156

and Paré,
144
–148

on race,
238

and Sadler,
143

See also
Aristotle; Paré, Ambroise

natural selection

and ancient theories of animal origins,
46

Darwin’s theory of,
168
,
178
,
275

and phobias,
4
,
4

and race,
237

natural theologians,
159
,
164
,
165

Nature’s playthings,
38

Nazis,
220
–221,
238
,
244
,
274

neo-Darwinians,
175
,
176
,
178

neo-Enlightenment,
253

neoteny,
177

Nepaul barley,
170

nephilim (biblical),
72
–73,
74
–75,
76

The New Atlantis
(Bacon),
127

New Synthesis,
170
,
275

New Testament,
66
–67

New York Atlas
,
135

Nietzsche, Friedrich,
101
,
187
,
208

Nile River,
88

Nimrod,
73
,
85

Noah (biblical),
72
,
84
–85,
88

nobility,
101

Noctifer hoax,
134

nondescripts,
133
–134,
135
,
136
,
138

nonfunctional traits,
167

North American, exploration of,
32