Overruled (32 page)

2.
Abraham Lincoln to George B. McClellan, September 15, 1862, in
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln,
vol. 5, ed. Roy P. Basler (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 426.

3.
Quoted in James McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Years
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 540.

4.
Shelby Foote,
The Civil War: A Narrative, Fort Sumter to Perryville
(New York: Random House, 1958), 694.

5.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.,
Touched with Fire: Civil War Letters and Diary of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,
ed. Mark De Wolfe Howe (New York: Fordham University Press, 2000), 64.

6.
Holmes,
Touched with Fire,
18.

7.
Holmes,
Touched with Fire,
92.

8.
Holmes,
Touched with Fire,
51.

9.
Holmes,
Touched with Fire,
56.

10.
Holmes,
Touched with Fire,
78.

11.
Holmes,
Touched with Fire,
135.

12.
Louis Menand,
The Metaphysical Club
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), 4.

13.
Oliver Wendell Holmes to Harold Laski, July 28, 1916, in
Holmes-Laski Letters: The Correspondence of Mr. Justice Holmes and Harold J. Laski, 1916-1935,
vol. 1, ed. Mark De Wolfe Howe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953), 8.

14.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., “The Gas-Stoker's Strike,”
American Law Review
7 (1873): 583-584.

15.
Oliver Wendell Holmes to Felix Frankfurter, March 24, 1914, in
Holmes and Frankfurter: Their Correspondence, 1912-1934,
eds. Robert M. Mennel and Christine L. Compston (Hanover, N.H.: University of New Hampshire Press, 1996), 19.

16.
Buck v. Bell,
274 U.S. 200, 207 (1927).

17.
Buck,
274 U.S. at 205.

18.
Buck,
274 U.S. at 207.

19.
Powell v. Pennsylvania,
127 U.S. 678, 696 (1888).

20.
Lochner v. New York,
198 U.S. 45, 75 (1905).

21.
David E. Bernstein,
Rehabilitating Lochner: Defending Individual Rights from Progressive Reform
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).

22.
Quoted in Bernstein,
Rehabilitating
Lochner,
24.

23.
Bernstein,
Rehabilitating
Lochner,
25.

24.
Quoted in Bernstein,
Rehabilitating Lochner,
26.

25.
The Slaughter-House Cases,
83 U.S. (16 Wall) 36, 110 (1873).

26.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 61.

27.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 53.

28.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 61.

29.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 57.

30.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 59.

31.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 64.

32.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 75.

33.
Herbert Spencer,
Social Statics: The Conditions Essential to Human Happiness Specified, and the First of Them Developed
(London: J. Chapman, 1851; New York: Robert Schalkenbach Foundation, 1995), 95. Citation refers to the 1995 edition.

34.
Lochner,
198 U.S. at 75-76.

35.
Herbert Croly,
Progressive Democracy
(New York: Macmillan, 1914), 137.

36.
Croly,
Progressive Democracy,
138.

37.
James Bradley Thayer,
The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Law
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1893), 18.

38.
Thayer,
Origin and Scope,
9.

39.
Felix Frankfurter, “The Red Terror of Judicial Reform,”
The New Republic,
October 1, 1924, 166-167.

40.
Olmstead v. United States,
277 U.S. 438, 478 (1928).

41.
Olmstead v. United States,
277 U.S. at 472.

42.
Joseph Bucklin Bishop, ed.,
Theodore Roosevelt and His Time: Shown in His Own Letters,
vol. 2 (New York: Charles Scribner's Son's, 1920), 301.

43.
Theodore Roosevelt, “Judges and Progress,”
The Outlook,
January 6, 1912, 43. For more on TR's Progressive critique of the judiciary, see Edmund Morris,
Colonel Roosevelt
(New York: Random House, 2010).

44.
Roosevelt, “Judges and Progress,” 48.

45.
H. L. Mencken,
A Mencken Chrestomathy: His Own Selections of His Choicest Writings
(New York: Vintage Books, 1982), 260.

46.
Mencken,
Chrestomathy,
259.

47.
Woodrow Wilson,
President Wilson's Great Speeches and Other History Making Documents
(Chicago: Stanton & Van Vliet, 1917), 94-95.

48.
David M. Kennedy,
Over Here: The First World War and American Society
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), 67-68.

49.
Quoted in Kennedy,
Over Here,
68.

50.
Meyer v. State,
187 N.W. 100 (1922).

51.
Meyer v. Nebraska,
262 U.S. 390, 399 (1923).

52.
Bartels v. Iowa,
262 U.S. 404, 412 (1923).

53.
Felix Frankfurter to Learned Hand, June 5, 1923, quoted in Gerald Gunther,
Learned Hand: The Man and the Judge
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), 378.

54.
See Moorfield Storey and Marcial P. Lichauco,
The Conquest of the Philippines by the United States, 1898-1925
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1926).

55.
For more on the Gold Democrats, see David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito, “Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896-1900,”
The Independent Review
4, no. 4 (Spring 2000.)

56.
Moorfield Storey,
Charles Sumner
(New York: Houghton, Mifflin, 1900).

57.
See William B. Hixson, Jr.,
Moorfield Storey and the Abolitionist Tradition
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1972). Hixson described Storey's “intellectual outlook” as one that “included pacifism, anti-imperialism, and racial egalitarianism fully as much as it did laissez-faire and moral tone in government.” Hixson,
Moorfield Storey,
39.

58.
The Louisville ordinance is quoted in
Buchanan v. Warley,
245 U.S. 60, 70 (1917).

59.
Buchanan,
245 U.S. at 62.

60.
Buchanan,
245 U.S. at 64.

61.
Buchanan,
245 U.S. at 65.

62.
Buchanan,
245 U.S. at 67.

63.
Buchanan,
245 U.S. at 74.

64.
Buchanan,
245 U.S. at 75.

65.
Quoted in Hixson,
Moorfield Storey and the Abolitionist Tradition,
142.

66.
Quoted in Alexander M. Bickel and Benno C. Schmidt Jr.,
History of the Supreme Court of the United States,
vol. 9,
The Judiciary and Responsible Government, 1910-1921
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 816.

67.
David E. Bernstein, “Philip Sober Controlling Philip Drunk:
Buchanan v. Warley
in Historical Perspective,”
Vanderbilt Law Review
51 (May 1998): 797.

68.
Justice Holmes's undelivered
Buchanan
dissent is reproduced in Bickel and Schmidt,
The Judiciary and Responsible Government,
insert following 592.

69.
Holmes, “The Gas-Stoker's Strike,” 583.

70.
Felix Frankfurter, ed.,
Mr. Justice Holmes
(New York: Coward-McCann, 1931), 33.

71.
Frankfurter,
Mr. Justice Holmes,
125.

72.
Frankfurter,
Mr. Justice Holmes,
2.

73.
Frankfurter,
Mr. Justice Holmes,
5.

74.
Frankfurter,
Mr. Justice Holmes,
85.

75.
Adkins v. Children's Hospital,
261 U.S. 525, 545 (1923).

76.
See Hadley Arkes,
The Return of George Sutherland: Restoring a Jurisprudence of Natural Rights
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).

77.
Adkins v. Children's Hospital,
261 U.S. 525, 553.

78.
The Oklahoma statute is quoted in
New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann,
285 U.S. 262, 271 (1932).

79.
New State Ice Co.
, 285 U.S. at 311.

80.
New State Ice Co.
, 285 U.S. at 280.

81.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Address at Oglethorpe University in Atlanta, Georgia,” May 22, 1932. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,
The American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=88410
.

82.
Nebbia v. New York,
291 U.S. 502, 537 (1934).

83.
Munn v. Illinois,
94 U.S. 113, 126 (1877).

84.
Nebbia,
291 U.S. at 537.

85.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: “Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1933. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,
The American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=14473
.

86.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Statement on Signing the National Industrial Recovery Act,” June 16, 1933. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,
The American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=14669
.

87.
The charges filed against the brothers are quoted in
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States,
295 U.S. 495, 527-528 (1935).

88.
Louisville Bank v. Radford,
295 U.S. 555 (1935).

89.
Humphrey's Executor v. United States,
295 U.S. 602, 628 (1935).

90.
Schechter Poultry Corp.,
295 U.S. at 548.

91.
Schechter Poultry Corp.,
295 U.S. at 546.

92.
Schechter Poultry Corp.,
295 U.S. at 528.

93.
Melvin I. Urofsky,
Louis D. Brandeis: A Life
(New York: Pantheon Books, 2009), 705.

94.
John T. Flynn,
Country Squire in the White House
(New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1940), 83.

95.
Rexford Tugwell,
The Brains Trust
(New York: Viking Press, 1968), 100.

96.
Raymond Moley,
The First New Deal
(New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966), 295.

97.
Melvin I. Urofsky, ed.,
The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary
(New York: Taylor and Francis, 1994), 44.

98.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Press Conference,” May 31, 1935. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,
The American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15065
.

99.
Woodrow Wilson,
Woodrow Wilson: Essential Speeches and Writings of the Scholar-President,
ed. Mario R. DiNunzio (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 235-236.

100.
Roosevelt, “Press Conference,” May 31, 1935.

101.
William E. Leuchtenburg,
The Supreme Court Reborn: The Constitutional Revolution in the Age of Roosevelt
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 105.

102.
“Roosevelt Indorses Recall of Judges,”
New York Times,
February 22, 1912.

103.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Message to Congress on the Reorganization of the Judicial Branch of the Government,” February 5, 1937. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,
The American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15360
.

104.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish,
300 U.S. 379, 391 (1937).

105.
West Coast Hotel,
300 U.S. at 398.

106.
West Coast Hotel,
300 U.S. at 402.

107.
West Coast Hotel,
300 U.S. at 403.

108.
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.,
301 U.S. 1, 30 (1937).

109.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin,
301 U.S. at 37.

110.
Leuchtenburg,
The Supreme Court Reborn,
219.

Chapter Three

1.
Ronald Reagan, “Remarks Announcing the Nomination of Robert H. Bork To Be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,” July 1, 1987. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,
The American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=34503
.

2.
133 Cong. Rec. S9188-S9189 (daily ed. July 1, 1987) (statement of Sen. Kennedy).

3.
Nomination of Robert H. Bork to be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States: Hearings Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary,
100th Cong., 1st Sess. (1987), 13 [hereinafter
Bork Hearings
].

4.
Bork Hearings,
120.

5.
Bork Hearings,
717.

6.
United States v. Carolene Products Co.,
304 U.S. 144, 152 (1938).