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Authors: Dante

BOOK: Paradiso
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when I saw that Beatrice had turned toward her left   

               
and now was staring at the sun—

48
           
never had eagle so fixed his gaze on it.

               
And, as a second ray will issue from the first   

               
and rise again up to its source,

51
           
even as a pilgrim longs to go back home,

               
so her gaze, pouring through my eyes

               
on my imagination, made itself my own, and I,

54
           
against our practice, set my eyes upon the sun.

               
Much that our powers here cannot sustain is there   

               
allowed by virtue of the nature of the place

57
           
created as the dwelling fit for man.

               
I could not bear it long, yet not so brief a time   

               
as not to see it sparking everywhere,

60
           
like liquid iron flowing from the fire.

               
Suddenly it seemed a day was added to that day,   

               
as if the One who has the power

63
           
had adorned the heavens with a second sun.

               
Beatrice had fixed her eyes   

               
upon the eternal wheels and I now fixed

66
           
my sight on her, withdrawing it from above.

               
As I gazed on her, I was changed within,   

               
as Glaucus was on tasting of the grass   

69
           
that made him consort of the gods in the sea.

               
To soar beyond the human cannot be described   

   

               
in words. Let the example be enough to one

72
           
for whom grace holds this experience in store.

               
Whether I was there in that part only which you   

   

               
created last is known to you alone, O Love who rule   

75
           
the heavens and drew me up there with your light.   

               
When the heavens you made eternal,   

               
wheeling in desire, caught my attention

78
           
with the harmony you temper and attune,   

               
then so much of the sky seemed set on fire   

               
by the flaming sun that neither rain nor river

81
           
ever fed a lake so vast.

               
The newness of the sound and the bright light   

               
lit in me such keen desire to know their cause

84
           
as I had never with such sharpness felt before.

               
And she, who knew me as I knew myself,   

               
to calm my agitated mind

87
           
before I even had begun to speak, parted her lips

               
and said: ‘You make yourself dull-witted   

               
with false notions, so that you cannot see

90
           
what you would understand, had you but cast them off.

               
‘You are not still on earth, as you believe.   

               
Indeed, lightning darting from its source

93
           
never sped as fast as you return to yours.’

               
If I was stripped of my earlier confusion   

               
by her brief and smiling words,   

96
           
I was the more entangled in new doubt   

               
and said: ‘I was content to be released   

               
from my amazement, but now I am amazed

99
           
that I can glide through these light bodies.’

               
Then she, having sighed with pity,   

               
bent her eyes on me with just that look

102
         
a mother casts on her delirious child,

               
and said: ‘All things created have an order   

   

               
in themselves, and this begets the form

105
         
that lets the universe resemble God.

               
‘Here the higher creatures see the imprint   

               
of the eternal Worth, the end

108
         
for which that pattern was itself set forth.

               
‘In that order, all natures have their bent   

   

               
according to their different destinies,

111
         
whether nearer to their source or farther from it.

               
‘They move, therefore, toward different harbors   

               
upon the vastness of the sea of being,

114
         
each imbued with an instinct that impels it on its course.

               
‘This instinct carries fire toward the moon,

               
this is the moving force in mortal hearts,

117
         
this binds the earth to earth and makes it one.

               
‘This bow impels not just created things   

               
that lack intelligence, but also those

120
         
that have both intellect and love.

               
‘Providence, which regulates all this,   

               
makes with its light forever calm the heaven

123
         
that contains the one that whirls with greatest speed,

               
‘and there now, as to a place appointed,

               
the power of that bowstring bears us,

126
         
aimed, as is all it shoots, at a joyful target.

               
‘It is true that as a work will often fail   

               
to correspond to its intended form, its matter

129
         
deaf and unresponsive to the craftsman’s plan,

               
‘so sometimes a creature, having the capacity

               
to swerve, will, thus impelled, head off another way,

132
         
in deviation from the better course

               
‘and, just as sometimes we see fire

               
falling from a cloud, just so the primal impulse,

135
         
diverted by false pleasure, turns toward earth.

               
‘If I am correct, you should no more wonder   

               
at your rising than at a stream’s descent

138
         
from a mountain’s peak down to its foot.

               
‘It would be as astounding if you, set free

               
from every hindrance, had remained below,

               
as if on earth a living flame held still.’

142
         
Then she turned her face up to the heavens.   

OUTLINE: PARADISO II

    MOON

1–9
   
apostrophe of readers (class one): turn back
1–6
   
certain readers are warned not to read
Paradiso
7–9
   
the untraveled sea of the poem and Dante’s guides
10–18
   
apostrophe of readers (class two):
you
may follow
10–15
   
if early on you tasted the bread of angels
16–18
   
implicit simile: readers/Dante = Jason’s crew/
Jason
19–30
   
ascent to the Moon
19–26
   
flight upward toward the Moon
27–30
   
Beatrice to Dante: thank God for bringing us here
31–45
   
arrival in the lunar landscape
31–36
   
Dante’s penetration of this space
37–45
   
this possible penetration of matter by matter stirs further thought (relating to the Incarnation)
46–51
   
Dante’s question: what accounts for these moonspots?
52–148
   
Beatrice’s answer: not the quantity (density and rarity), but the quality of light
52–58
   
incorrect sense-based reason surely won’t help here; but tell me what
you
think of this problem
59–60
   
Dante: I think it’s about rare and dense matter
61–63
   
Beatrice: you don’t know what you are talking about
64–148
   
Beatrice’s exposition:
64–72
   
(a) the fixed stars, too, seem diverse; if rarity and density were the only
distinguishing marks for them, no other power would mark them;
73–84
   
(b) further, if rarity caused the dark spots, then the Moon would (i) either have “holes” or (ii) be mixed in its composition. Eclipses show (i) is false. Therefore, I shall work on (ii) and destroy that argument as well.
85–111
   
the experiment involving three mirrors
112–148
   
the “formal principle” of distribution for the universe’s matter is spiritual, not physical.
PARADISO II

               
O you, eager to hear more,   

   

   

               
who have followed in your little bark   

3
             
my ship that singing makes its way,   

               
turn back if you would see your shores again.   

               
Do not set forth upon the deep,

6
             
for, losing sight of me, you would be lost.

               
The seas I sail were never sailed before.   

   

               
Minerva fills my sails, Apollo is my guide,

9
             
nine Muses point me toward the Bears.   

               
You other few who craned your necks in time   

   

               
to reach for angels’ bread, which gives us life on earth,   

12
           
yet never leaves us satisfied,   

               
you may indeed set out, your ship afloat   

               
upon the salty deep, keeping to the furrow

15
           
I have made, before the sea goes smooth again.

               
Those famous men who made their way to Colchis,   

               
when they saw Jason had become a plowman,   

18
           
were not as stunned as you shall be.

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