Red Fortress: History and Illusion in the Kremlin (96 page)

Fedor I, Tsar

Fedor III, Tsar (Fedor Alekseyevich)

Feodosiya Feodorovna

Feofil, Archbishop of Novgorod

Ferrara, Council of

Le Figaro

Filaret (Fedor Nikitich Romanov); installed as Patriarch

Filipp I, Metropolitan of Moscow

Filipp II, Metropolitan of Moscow

Finns, early settlers; Moscow named by

Fioravanti, Andrey

Fioravanti, Aristotele

First World War

Florence, Italy

Florinsky

Fontainebleau, France

foreign craftsmen in the Kremlin

Fourth Crusade

France: dislike of, by Paul I; French language spoken at court of Catherine the Great; French revolution; Marquis de Custine; Napoleon invades Russia

Frankland, Mark

Franks, and fur trade

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

Fryazin, Bon

Fryazin, Marco

Fryazin, Onton

FSB (Federal Security Service)

Gagarin, Yuri

Galileo

Galloway, Christopher

Genghis Khan
see
Chinghis Khan

Gennady, Archbishop of Novgorod

Gerasimov, Alexander

Gerasimov, Mikhail Mikhailovich (forensic anthropologist)

Gerasimov, Mikhail (poet)

Germany: Frederick, III. Holy Roman Emperor; Thirty Years War; First World War; treaty of Brest-Litovsk; Second World War

Geronty, Metropolitan

Gian-Battista della Volpe

Gil, Stefan

glasnost

Glinka, Mikhail

Glinka, Sergei

Glinskaya, Anna

Glinskaya, Elena

Glinsky, Mikhail

Gobi desert

Godunov, Boris; background; building projects as regent; escapes conspiracy against him; facilitates creation of the Russian Orthodox patriarchate; re-building projects 16th century; crowned Tsar; plans for new cathedral; famine of 1601–2; death; removal of coffin from burial place

Godunov, Fedor Borisovich

Godunov, Semen

Godunova, Irina

Godunova, Ksenia

Godunova, Mariya

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

Golden Horde

Golitsyn, Vasily

Golitsyn family

Golovina, Princess

Goncharova, A. A.

Gorbachev, Mikhail; on Khrushchev; on Brezhnev; on Kremlin privilege system; becomes Soviet Leader;
glasnost
policy;
perestroika;
ends Afghan war; receives Nobel Peace Prize; on Stalin; creates Congress of People’s Deputies; relationship with Yeltsin; creates role of President of the USSR; attempts to hold USSR together; held under house arrest in1991 coup; returns to Moscow after 1991 coup; rivalry with Yeltsin; last few weeks of office; hands over power to

Yeltsin

Gorbacheva, Raisa

Gorky, Maxim

Gosiewski, Alexander

GPU (secret police)

Grabar, Igor

Grachev, Andrei

Grachev, Pavel

Graf, Vilim

Graham, Thomas

Gramotin, Ivan

Grand Principality of Vladimir

Grande Armée (of Napoleon)

Graphic
(newspaper)

Great Depression 1930s

Greek Orthodox Church

Grek, Maxim

Grishin, Viktor

Gromyko, Andrei

Gropius, Walter

Gulag

GUM

Habsburg dynasty

Hals, Frans

Hanseatic League

Henry VIII of England

Herculaneum, re-discovery of

Herder, Johann Gottfried

Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

Hermogen, Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia

Herzen, Alexander

history and historians, Russian

Hitler, Adolf

Holy Roman Empire; dissolution of

hospital for officers, in the Kremlin 1914

Hughes, Lindsey,
Russia in the Age of Peter the Great

Hungary

iconography; Simon Ushakov
The Tree of the State of Muscovy;
introduced with Orthodox religion from Constantinople; created in the Kremlin workshops; European influences; mass-produced; 19th-century restoration of Faceted Palace; icons damaged and sold off by Bolsheviks; ‘Treasures of the Kremlin’ Exhibition; of the Saviour and St Nikola, on the Kremlin gates

Il’f and Petrov

Iliushin, Viktor

Ilmen, Lake

Imperial Russian Archaeolgical Society

infant mortality, Russia, beginning of 20th century

influenza epidemic

International Festival of Youth, Moscow

International Woman’s Day 1917

Iofan, Boris

Isfahan, Persia

Isidor, Metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia

Islam

Italy: builders and building skills; influence on Russian architecture; marriage of Sofiya to Ivan III; re-discovery of classical past

Ivan Alekseyevich (brother and co-Tsar of Peter the Great)

Ivan I, ‘Kalita’; inherits throne of Moscow; re-builds Kremlin walls; builds Dormition Cathedral in the Kremlin

Ivan III: assumes sovereignty of Moscow; commissions present structure of the Kremlin; extends Moscow’s regional power; renovation of Kremlin walls; marriage with Sofiya Palaeologina; and re-building of the Dormition Cathedral; betrothes daughter to Alexander of Lithuania; adopts title of
Tsar;
banned foreign merchants from Kremlin

Ivan IV (‘the Terrible’); birth; character and state of health ; coronation; renovations to the Kremlin; court of; expansion of Russian territory; threatens to abdicate;
oprichnina
palace; wives ; deference given to; kills his own son; death; ‘lost’ library; s examination of remains

Ivan Ivanovich (son of Ivan the Terrible)

Ivan the Great (bell tower); damaged by Napoleon’s troops

Ivan the Terrible
(film, 1944)

Ivanov, Dmitry

Ivanov-Shits, I. A.

Izvestiya
(newspaper)

Jackson, Michael

James I of England

Japan, war with Russia (1904–5)

Jenkinson, Anthony

Jeremiah, Patriarch of Constantinople

Junkers, The, defend the Kremlin against the Bolsheviks

Kabardino-Balkaria

Kaganovich, Lazar

Kalinin, Mikhail

Kalitnikovo, brick factory

Kalka River

Kalyaev, Ivan

Kamenev, Lev

Kameneva, Olga

Kaplan, Fanya

Kapuscinski, Ryszard

Karakorum (capital of the Mongol Empire)

Karamzin, Nikolai;
History of the Russian State;
Notes on Ancient and Modern Russia

Kazakhstan

Kazakov, Matvei

Kazan, captured by Ivan the Terrible

Kazan Cathedral, St Petersburg

Kazan Cathedral, Moscow

Kazan Khanate

Kazy-Girey (Tatar leader)

KGB

Khamtsov, A. I.

Khan, Genghis
see
Chinghis Khan

Khasbulatov, Ruslan

Khazars

Khlebnikov, Sergei

Khodorkovsky, Mikhail

Khotinenko, Vladimir

Khovrin, Vladimir

Khovrin family

Khrushchev, Nikita: and Josef Stalin; succeeds as Party Leader; repudiates Stalinism; plants orchard in the Kremlin; populism; builds Palace of Congresses in the Kremlin; removed as Party Leader

Khrushcheva, Nina Petrovna

Khwarezm

Kiev; seized by Vikings; arrival of Christianity; sacked by Mongol Horde; eclipsed as power base of Russia; ceases to be focus of Russian Orthodox Church; transferred from Polish to Russian rule 1686

Kirill-Beloozero Monastery

Kirov, Sergei

Kitai-gorod, Moscow
xiv

Kliuchevsky, Vasily

Klyazma River

Knave of Diamonds (artists’ group)

Kohl, Helmut

Kolli, Nikolai

Kolomenskoe

Kolomna

Kolyvan (Tallinn)

Komissarzhevskaya, Vera

Komsomol

Kon, Fedor (architect)

Konchalovsky, Petr

Konenkov, S. T.

Konstantin Nikolaevich, Grand Duke

Konstantinov, Antip

Konyshev, Pavel

Korb, Johann Georg

Korean airline shot down by Soviets 1983

Korzhakov, Alexander

Kostikov, Vyacheslav

Kostof, Spiro,
A History of Architecture, Settings and Rituals

Kosygin, Aleksei

Kozhevnikov,
Russian Archive
(journal)

Krasin, Leonid

Kremlenagrad
(map)

Kremlin:
arts and crafts workshops; bells; burials; contemporary management of; coronations; falcons ; fires (1337), (1343), (1365), (1445), (1470), (1473), (1493), (1547), (1571), (1619), (1626), (1682), (1701), (1737); hanging gardens; icons of the Saviour and St Nikola; library and archives; religious status; symbolic status

Kremlin history:

Riurikid dynasty:
evidence of 12th-century construction; receives city bell of Tver; first referred to as ‘Kremlin’; development under Ivan I (Kalita); ‘Peter the Wonder-Worker’ becomes Kremlin’s first saint; early religious foundations; sacked by Mongol Horde; building of present structure under Ivan III; becomes art and treasure repository; 15th-century building and development; re-building of the Dormition Cathedral; European building and architectural influences; moat created; foreign merchants banned from; renovation under Ivan the Terrible; houses government officials; Ivan the Terrible’s use of; funeral of Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich;
Kremlenagrad
(map); boyars’ obligation to serve at court; Buildings Chancellory; ‘False Dmitry’ arrives with Polish retainers; ‘False Dmitry’ murdered; Dmitry of Uglich’s corpse brought back for burial; houses Polish and mercenary troops in the Time of Troubles; looting of the Treasury during the Time of Troubles

Romanov dynasty:
rebuilding under the Romanovs; foreign artists and craftsmen enlisted by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich; revolt; European influences on architecture and decor; theatre introduced by Aleksei Mikhailovich; revolt; Peter the Great takes command of Kremlin; builds arsenal; builds new fortifications; moves court to St Petersburg; treasury on display as visitor attraction; Catherine the Great’s improvements; development under Paul I; demolition and rebuilding under Alexander I; abandoned as Napoleon’s troops advance; Napoleon enters; desecration and looting by Napoleon’s troops; survives mining by Napoleon’s retreating army; reconstruction after Napoleon’s occupation; described by Marquis de Custine; Grand Kremlin Palace commissioned by Nicholas I; demolition of ancient churches by Nicholas I; establishment of museums and archives; celebrated by Fabergé egg; features on mass-produced icons and souvenirs; treasure collection catalogued; Armoury Chamber Museum; monument to Alexander II; life in the last years of the Tsars; Zabelin
The History of the City of Moscow;
Bartenev
The Moscow Kremlin in Old Times and Now;
electricity generating station; assassination of Grand Duke Sergei Aleksandrovich; coronation of Nicholas II; houses Empress Alexandra’s hospital during First World War

Soviet era:
claimed by the Moscow city government; staff form union; damaged by the Bolsheviks; loss of valuable artefacts after revolution; Bolshevik government move in; ownership claimed by the People’s Republic; stores recovered loot and treasure after revolution; expulsion of monks and nuns by the Bolsheviks; removal of imperial monuments by the Bolsheviks; Easter celebration; seizure of Church assets; becomes symbol of Soviet power; demolition of religious buildings under the Bolsheviks; living conditions under the Soviets; Kremlin Affair; object of fear and isolation under Stalin; security under Stalin; hidden underground systems; bombed during Second World War; renovation post; souvenir guidebooks; becomes term used for government; becomes tourist attraction under Khrushchev; Lenin museum-apartment; propaganda department; Ministry of Culture; research staff appointed; religious buildings under Soviet regime; ‘Treasures of the Kremlin’ Exhibition; archaeological explorations under the Soviets; orchard planted by Khrushchev; Soviet infrastructure; ceases to be centre of power under Brezhnev; as shorthand for Soviet leadership; used to receive foreign guests under Brezhnev; ‘Kremlin ration’; opens up under Gorbachev