Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future (48 page)

27
. “The Concentration of Health Care Spending: NIHCM Foundation Data Brief July 2012,” National Institute for Health Care Management, July 2012,
http://nihcm.org/images/stories/DataBrief3_Final.pdf
.

28
. Brill, “Bitter Pill.”

29
. Jenny Gold, “Proton Beam Therapy Heats Up Hospital Arms Race,”
Kaiser Health News,
May 2013,
http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/stories/2013/may/31/proton-beam-therapy-washington-dc-health-costs.aspx
.

30
. James B. Yu, Pamela R. Soulos, Jeph Herrin, Laura D. Cramer, Arnold L. Potosky, Kenneth B. Roberts, and Cary P. Gross, “Proton Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Patterns of Care and Early Toxicity,”
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
105, no. 1 (January 2, 2013),
http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/105/1.toc
.

31
. Gold, “Proton Beam Therapy Heats Up Hospital Arms Race.”

32
. Sarah Kliff, “Maryland’s Plan to Upend Health Care Spending,”
Washington Post
(Wonkblog), January 10, 2014,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/01/10/%253Fp%253D74854/
.

33
. “Underpayment by Medicare and Medicaid Fact Sheet,” American Hospital Association, December 2010,
http://www.aha.org/content/00–10/10medunderpayment.pdf
.

34
. Ed Silverman, “Increased Abandonment of Prescriptions Means Less Control of Chronic Conditions,”
Managed Care,
June 2010,
http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/1006/1006.abandon.html
.

35
. Dean Baker, “Financing Drug Research: What Are the Issues?,” Center for Economic and Policy Research, September 2004,
http://www.cepr.net/index.php/Publications/Reports/financing-drug-research-what-are-the-issues
.

36
. Matthew Perrone, “Scooter Ads Face Scrutiny from Gov’t, Doctors,” Associated Press, March 28, 2013,
http://news.yahoo.com/scooter-ads-face-scrutiny-govt-doctors-141816931–finance.html
.

37
. Farhad Manjoo, “My Father the Pharmacist vs. a Gigantic Pill-Packing Machine,”
Slate,
http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/robot_invasion/2011/09/will_robots_steal_your_job_2.html
.

38
. Daniel L. Brown, “A Looming Joblessness Crisis for New Pharmacy Graduates and the Implications It Holds for the Academy,”
American Journal of Pharmacy Education
77, no. 5 (June 13, 2012): 90,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3687123/
.

C
HAPTER
7

1
. GE’s corporate website,
https://www.ge.com/stories/additive-manufacturing
.

2
. American Airlines News Release: “American Becomes the First Major Commercial Carrier to Deploy Electronic Flight Bags Throughout Fleet and Discontinue Paper Revisions,” June 24, 2013,
http://hub.aa.com/en/nr/pressrelease/american-airlines-completes-electronic-flight-bag-implementation
.

3
. Tim Catts, “GE Turns to 3D Printers for Plane Parts,”
Bloomberg Businessweek,
November 27, 2013,
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013–11–27/general-electric-turns-to-3d-printers-for-plane-parts
.

4
. Lucas Mearian, “The First 3D Printed Organ—a Liver—Is Expected in 2014,”
ComputerWorld,
December 26, 2013,
http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9244884/The_first_3D_printed_organ_a_liver_is_expected_in_2014?taxonomyId=128&pageNumber=2
.

5
. Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman,
Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing
(New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2013).

6
. Mark Hattersley, “The 3D Printer That Can Build a House in 24 Hours,”
MSN Innovation,
November 11, 2013,
http://innovation.uk.msn.com/design/the-3d-printer-that-can-build-a-house-in-24-hours
.

7
. Information regarding construction employment in the United States can be found at the US Bureau of Labor Statistics website:
http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag23.htm
.

8
. Further details are available at the DARPA Grand Challenge website:
http://archive.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/
.

9
. Tom Simonite, “Data Shows Google’s Robot Cars Are Smoother, Safer Drivers Than You or I,”
Technology Review,
October 25, 2013,
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/520746/data-shows-googles-robot-cars-are-smoother-safer-drivers-than-you-or-i/
.

10
. See ibid. for Chris Urmson’s comments.

11
. “The Self-Driving Car Logs More Miles on New Wheels” (Google corporate blog), August 7, 2012,
http://googleblog.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/the-self-driving-car-logs-more-miles-on.html
.

12
. As quoted in Heather Kelly, “Driverless Car Tech Gets Serious at CES,”
CNN,
January 9, 2014,
http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/09/tech/innovation/self-driving-cars-ces/
.

13
. For US accident statistics, see
http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s1103.pdf
; for global accident statistics, see
http://www.who.int/gho/road_safety/mortality/en/
.

14
. Information on collision avoidance systems can be found at
http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/crash-avoidance-technologies/qanda
.

15
. As quoted in Burkhard Bilger, “Auto Correct: Has the Self-Driving Car at Last Arrived?,”
New Yorker,
November 25, 2013,
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/11/25/131125fa_fact_bilger?currentPage=all
.

16
. John Markoff, “Google’s Next Phase in Driverless Cars: No Steering Wheel or Brake Pedals,”
New York Times,
May 27, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/28/technology/googles-next-phase-in-driverless-cars-no-brakes-or-steering-wheel.html
.

17
. Kevin Drum, “Driverless Cars Will Change Our Lives. Soon.,”
Mother Jones
(blog), January 24, 2013,
http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2013/01/driverless-cars-will-change-our-lives-soon
.

18
. Lila Shapiro, “Car Wash Workers Unionize in Los Angeles,”
Huffington Post,
February 23, 2012,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/23/car-wash-workers-unionize_n_1296060.html
.

19
. David Von Drehle, “The Robot Economy,”
Time,
September 9, 2013, pp. 44–45.

20
. Andrew Harris, “Chicago Cabbies Sue Over Unregulated Uber, Lyft Services,”
Bloomberg News,
February 6, 2014,
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014–02–06/chicago-cabbies-sue-over-unregulated-uber-lyft-services.html
.

C
HAPTER
8

1
. For statistics on consumer spending, see Nelson D. Schwartz, “The Middle Class Is Steadily Eroding. Just Ask the Business World,”
New York Times,
February 2, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/business/the-middle-class-is-steadily-eroding-just-ask-the-business-world.html
.

2
. Rob Cox and Eliza Rosenbaum, “The Beneficiaries of the Downturn,”
New York Times,
December 28, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/29/business/29views.html
. The famous “plutonomy memos” were also featured in Michael Moore’s 2009 documentary film
Capitalism: A Love Story.

3
. Barry Z. Cynamon and Steven M. Fazzari, “Inequality, the Great Recession, and Slow Recovery,” January 23, 2014,
http://pages.wustl.edu/files/pages/imce/fazz/cyn-fazz_consinequ_130113.pdf
.

4
. Ibid.

5
. Ibid., p. 18.

6
. Mariacristina De Nardi, Eric French, and David Benson, “Consumption and the Great Recession,” National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 17688, issued in December 2011,
http://www.nber.org/papers/w17688.pdf
.

7
. Cynamon and Fazzari, “Inequality, the Great Recession, and Slow Recovery,” p. 29.

8
. Derek Thompson, “ESPN President: Wage Stagnation, Not Technology, Is the Biggest Threat to the TV Business,”
The Atlantic,
August 22, 2013,
http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/08/espn-president-wage-stagnation-not-technology-is-the-biggest-threat-to-the-tv-business/278935/
.

9
. Jessica Hopper, “Waiting for Midnight, Hungry Families on Food Stamps Give Walmart ‘Enormous Spike,’”
NBC News,
November 28, 2011,
http://rockcenter.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/11/28/9069519-waiting-for-midnight-hungry-families-on-food-stamps-give-walmart-enormous-spike
.

10
. Data Source: FRED, Federal Reserve Economic Data, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: Corporate Profits After Tax (without IVA and CCAdj) [CP] and Retail Sales: Total (Excluding Food Services) [RSXFS];
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/CP/
;
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/RSXFS/
; accessed April 29, 2014.

11
. Joseph E. Stiglitz, “Inequality Is Holding Back the Recovery,”
New York Times,
January 19, 2013,
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/19/inequality-is-holding-back-the-recovery
.

12
. Washington Center for Equitable Growth, interview with Robert Solow, January 14, 2014, video available at
http://equitablegrowth.org/2014/01/14/1472/our-bob-solow-equitable-growth-interview-tuesday-focus-january-14–2014
.

13
. Paul Krugman, “Inequality and Recovery,”
New York Times
(The Conscience of a Liberal blog), January 20, 2013,
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/20/inequality-and-recovery/
.

14
. See, for example, Krugman’s “Cogan, Taylor, and the Confidence Fairy,”
New York Times
(The Conscience of a Liberal blog), March 19, 2013,
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/19/cogan-taylor-and-the-confidence-fairy/
.

15
. Paul Krugman, “How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?”
New York Times Magazine,
September 2, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/magazine/06Economic-t.html
.

16
. John Maynard Keynes,
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
(London: Macmillan, 1936), ch. 21, available online at
http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0300071h/chap21.html
.

17
. For figures on US productivity, see US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Economic News Release, March 6, 2014,
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/prod2.nr0.htm
.

18
. Lawrence Mishel, “Declining Value of the Federal Minimum Wage Is a Major Factor Driving Inequality,” Economic Policy Institute, February 21, 2013,
http://www.epi.org/publication/declining-federal-minimum-wage-inequality/
.

19
. Eric Schlosser,
Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal
(New York: Harper, 2004), p. 66.