Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic (63 page)

Mussolini, Benito,
xx

Mytilene,
120
,
221
,
323

Naples,
47
,
108
; Bay of,
47
–
9
,
50
,
61
–
2
,
186
,
349
,
351
–
2

Napoleon Bonaparte,
xx

necropolises,
14

Nero,
xxi

Nicomedes, King of Bithynia,
120
,
192
,
331

Nile, river,
334
; delta
321

Nisibis,
165

Nola,
50
,
387
; besieged by slaves,
145
; falls to Samnites,
53
,
65
; Roman siege of,
65
,
68
,
71
,
87
,
108
; Sulla’s colony in,
108

Octavia (Octavian’s sister, Antony’s wife),
292
,
366
,
369
,
370
,
374

Octavian (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus,
later
Augustus): adopts name Augustus,
378
;

Octavian –
cont
death and legacy,
387
–
8
; defeats pirates,
365
–
6
,
370
; elected consul,
360
; gratitude of Senate,
377
–
8
; and Horace,
384
–
5
; offered tribunate,
370
; plans for Rome,
381
–
7
; resettlement of veterans causes unrest,
365
–
6
; response to Caesar’s death,
351
–
2
,
356
–
60
; retention of power,
385
–
7
; second triumvirate,
360
–
61
; sinister reputation,
364
; styled King of Egypt,
376
; war with Antony,
373
–
6

Octavius, Gnaeus,
74
,
87

Olympic Games,
83

omens,
3
–
4
,
11
,
33
–
4
,
60
,
84
–
5
,
308
,
356
,
361
,
388
; role of augurs
303

Orata, Sergius,
48
–
9
,
62
,
187

oratory,
126
–
36

Ostia,
173

Ovile,
94
–
5
,
222
,
254
,
388

oysters,
48
,
187
,
191

Palatine Hill,
19
–
20
,
23
,
27
,
85
; Cicero’s house,
216
,
240
,
254

Pansa, Vibius,
354
,
356
,
358

panthers,
296

Parthenon,
78
,
82

Parthia,
267
,
268
–
9
,
288
,
344
,
345
,
351
,
364
,
372

patricians,
22
–
7

patronage,
115
–
16

pax Romana
,
181

Pergamum,
37
–
41
,
44
,
47

Perseus,
172

Persia,
266

Petra,
182

Petronius, Gaius ‘Arbiter’,
284
,
301

Pharnaces, King of Pontus,
330
,
337

Pharos,
325
,
329

Pharsalus, Battle of,
320
,
322
–
3
,
330
,
338
,
346

Philippi, Battle of,
363
–
4

Picenum,
58

pirates,
168
–
76
,
179
–
80
,
364
–
5

plebeians,
17
,
19
,
22
,
23
,
26
,
29
; Clodius’ courting of,
233
–
4
,
237
–
40
,
251
,
253

Pliny the Elder,
295

plunder, attitude to,
40

Plutarch,
140
,
324
,
328

pomerium
,
72
,
106

Pompeia (Caesar’s wife),
197
,
211
,
212
–
13

Pompeii,
53
,
71

Pompeiopolis,
176

Pompeius, Gnaeus (Pompey’s son),
338
,
340

Pompeius, Sextus (Pompey’s son),
338
,
340
,
365
,
366
,
370

Pompeius Rufus,
67
,
71
,
75

Pompey ‘The Great’ (Gnaeus Pompeius): Alexander the Great as model for,
176
,
179
–
81
,
183
,
219
; alliance with Caesar,
282
,
287
–
8
,
297
,
299
–
300
; in Asia,
176
–
8
; and business interests,
181
–
2
; and Caesar’s alliance with Curio,
302
,
304
–
5
; character and appearance,
90
–
91
,
140
–
42
; and Cato,
209
–
10
,
222
–
5
,
282
,
289
,
291
,
293
; and Cicero,
213
–
14
,
223
,
230
,
249
,
254
,
260
,
294
,
315
; clashes with Caesar over resettlement of veterans,
226
–
8
; clemency,
175
–
6
; and Clodius,
249
,
250
–
51
,
252
,
257
,
261
; consequences of
power of,
301
–
2
; and Crassus,
140
–
41
,
142
,
149
–
53
,
202
,
222
,
223
,
226
; and death of Mithridates,
182
–
3
; defeat of pirates,
173
–
6
; elected consul,
150
–
51
; escapes to Greece and prepares for war,
308
–
13
,
314
–
15
; family and wealth,
90
,
116
–
17
; and Judaea,
182
; grain supply – control of,
254
; loss of popularity,
230
,
250
–
51
,
252
–
3
,
256
,
257
,
286
–
7
; marriage to Julia,
230
,
250
,
251
,
263
,
287
; marries Cornelia,
292
–
3
,
324
; meets with Caesar and Appius,
260
; and the Metelli,
192
; and Milo,
253
,
255
; and Parthia,
267
; refuses dictatorship,
289
,
291
; restricted with Caesar’s support,
222
–
4
,
225
–
30
; returns to Rome,
183
,
209
–
10
,
213
–
14
; as sole consul,
291
; and Spain,
142
,
149
,
150
,
155
,
263
,
283
–
4
,
310
,
316
,
317
; statue of,
283
,
346
; and Sulla,
90
–
91
,
110
–
11
,
141
,
157
; and Syria,
180
–
81
; theatre,
221
–
2
,
283
–
6
,
388
; third triumph,
219
–
20
,
221
,
266
–
7
,
314
; war with Caesar,
317
,
319
–
24
; death,
324
,
326
,
327

Pomponius, Titus,
see
‘Atticus’

pontifex maximus
, office of,
199
,
211

Pontus,
45
,
60
,
82
,
159
,
165
,
168
,
183
,
186
,
330
;
see also
Mithridates

‘
populares
’,
28
,
121
,
198

Porcia (Cato’s daughter, Brutus’ wife),
339
,
363

portents,
see
omens

Posidonius,
79
,
81
,
130
,
175
,
180
,
379
; attitude to slavery,
171
; on Gaul,
245
–
6
; on subject peoples,
271

Pothinus,
327
,
330

poverty,
16
–
19
,
28
,
204
,
233
–
4

Praeneste,
91
,
98
,
103
,
138

praetorship,
5
,
93
,
104
,
105
,
106
,
123
; Caesar’s father and,
116
,
117
; Cato and,
263
; Cicero and,
135
; unconstitutional appointment of Lepidus,
316

privacy,
115

proconsulship,
154
–
5
,
368

prodigies,
see
omens

proletarii
,
93

property rights,
364
,
382

prophecy,
367
;
see also
Sibyl, prophecies of

provinces, exploitation of,
38
–
45

Ptolemies (dynasty),
328
–
9
,
376
,
381
–
2

Ptolemy
XIII
,
324
,
327
–
8
,
329

publicani
,
41
,
42
,
43
,
44
,
46
,
79
,
199
,
163

Publicola, Gellius,
77
,
145

Publius Crassus,
248
,
267
,
268
,
292

Puteoli,
48
,
54
,
131
,
188
,
349
,
351

quaestorship,
5
,
103
–
4
,
106
,
124
,
131
; Cato and,
195