Saddam : His Rise and Fall (63 page)
Read Saddam : His Rise and Fall Online
Authors: Con Coughlin
23
Author's interview, February 2002.
24
Author's interview, July 2002.
ELEVEN: THE LOSER
1
Thatcher, p. 817.
2
Baghdad Domestic Service, August 8, 1990.
3
Thatcher, p. 827.
4
Dilip Hiro,
Desert Shield to Desert Storm
(London: HarperCollins, 1992), p. 222.
5
Al-Thawra
, December 2, 1990.
6
Economist
(London), December 22, 1990.
7
Tripp, p. 254.
8
Iraqi National Accord,
December 14, 20, 21, 1990.
9
Iraqi National Accord,
January 18, 1991.
10
Author's interview, August 2002.
11
Atlantic Monthly,
May 2002.
12
As an accredited war correspondent with the British Armed Forces during Operation Desert Storm, the author can testify that Allied forces were on a constant state of alert for an Iraqi chemical weapons attack.
13
In 1998 UN weapons investigators confirmed that substantial quantities of weapons-grade anthrax were deployed in Kuwait and southern Iraq during the Gulf War. See
Sunday Telegraph
(London), February 15, 1998.
14
Time,
September 18, 1995.
15
Baghdad Domestic Service, January 18, 1991.
16
Ibid., January 20, 1991.
17
CNN, January 28, 1991.
18
Baghdad Domestic Service, January 31, 1991.
19
Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh,
The Gulf Conflict 1990â91
(London: Faber and Faber, 1993), p. 377.
20
Times
(London), February 16, 1991.
21
Ibid., February 23, 1991.
22
Baghdad Domestic Service, February 26, 1991.
23
Independent
(London), February 6, 1991.
24
Ibid., February 28, 1991.
25
Atlantic Monthly,
May 2002.
TWELVE: THE SURVIVOR
1
Freedman and Karsh, p. 411.
2
Hansard
(House of Commons), January 15, 1991.
3
New York Times,
January 26, 1991.
4
BBC Radio 4, “The Desert WarâA Kind of Victory,” February 16, 1992.
5
International Herald Tribune,
March 28, 1991.
6
Cockburn and Cockburn, p. 27.
7
Sunday Times
(London), March 10, 1991.
8
Private source.
9
Private source.
10
Scott Ritter,
Endgame: Solving the Iraq ProblemâOnce and for All
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), p. 111.
11
ABC News,
Peter Jennings Reporting
(New York), June 26, 1997.
12
Cockburn and Cockburn, p. 38.
13
Quoted in Michael R. Gordon and Bernard E. Trainor,
The Generals' War
(New York: Back Bay Books, 1995), p. 517.
14
Aburish, p. 319.
15
Observer
(London), July 12, 1992.
16
Times
(London), September 4, 1992.
17
Author's interview, September 1998. The name Sami Salih is a pseudonym.
18
Daily Telegraph
(London), August 23, 1993.
19
Aburish, p. 326.
20
Author's interview, August 1999.
21
Author's interview, May 2002.
22
Private source.
23
New Yorker,
April 5, 1999.
24
Cockburn and Cockburn, p. 189.
25
Author's interview, February 2002.
26
Ibid.
27
Ibid.
28
Ibid.
29
Quoted in
Time,
September 18, 1995.
30
BBC Survey of World Broadcasts, August 14, 1995.
31
Iraq television, August 12, 1995.
32
Private source.
33
Author's interview, September 1998.
34
Cockburn and Cockburn, p. 220.
35
Times
(London), March 18, 1999.
36
Ibid., p. 229.
37
International Herald Tribune,
September 9, 1996.
38
Author's interview, May 2002.
39
Al-Wasat,
March 12, 1997.
40
Tim Trevan,
Saddam's Secrets: The Hunt for Saddam's Hidden Weapons
(London: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 365.
41
Iraq television, June 22, 1997.
42
A detailed examination of CIA penetration of UNSCOM is contained in “Saddam's Best Friend,” by Seymour M. Hersh, in the
New Yorker,
April 5, 1999.
43
William Shawcross,
Deliver Us from Evil
(London: Bloomsbury, 2000), p. 243.
44
Trevan, p. 374.
45
Ritter, p. 223.
46
Ibid., p. 224.
THIRTEEN: THE MENACE
1
Sunday Telegraph
(London), April 28, 2002.
2
Guardian
(London), May 17, 2002.
3
Time,
May 13, 2002.
4
Atlantic Monthly,
May 2002.
5
Private source.
6
Sunday Telegraph
(London), March 29, 1999.
7
Scotland on Sunday,
April 2, 2000.
8
Author's interview, August 1999.
9
Private source.
10
Author's interview, October 1999.
11
Sunday Times
(London), August 15, 1999.
12
Quoted in
Vanity Fair,
February 2000.
13
Private source.
14
New York Times
, December 20, 2001.
15
Time,
May 13, 2002.
16
Times,
June 17, 2002.
17
Quoted in
Al-Watan,
June 28, 2002.
18
John Kampfner,
Blair's Wars
(London: Simon & Schuster, 2003), p. 197.
19
Private source.
20
Sun
(London), September 25, 2003.
21
Times
(London), October 18, 2002.
22
Times
(London), November 22, 2002.
23
Author's interview, August 2003.
24
Sunday Telegraph
(London), December 1, 2002.
25
New York Times,
December 14, 2002.
26
Interview with al-Dabbagh, Baghdad, November 2003.
27
Ibid.
28
Author's interview, November 2002.
29
Reuters, April 11, 2003.
FOURTEEN: THE CAPTIVE
1
Williamson Murray and Major General Robert H. Scales Jr.,
The Iraq War
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), pp. 154â155.
2
Private source.
3
The Sun
(London), March 24, 2003.
4
Ibid., p. 107.
5
New York Times,
February 12, 2004.
6
Murray and Scales, p. 204.
7
Quoted in
National Journal,
May 6, 2003.
8
Los Angeles Times,
May 11, 2003.
9
Private source.
10
Quoted in
Daily Telegraph
(London), April 8, 2003.
11
Private source.
12
Author's interview, Baghdad, May 2003.
13
New York Times,
May 2, 2003.
14
Private source.
15
Author's interview, Baghdad, May 2003.
16
Author's interview, Baghdad, May 2003.
17
New York Times,
February 12, 2004.
18
Author's interview, Baghdad, May 2003.
19
Private source.
20
Quoted on CNN, August 1, 2003.
21
Private source.
22
Quoted in
The Times
(London), November 7, 2003.
23
Quoted in
Time,
December 22, 2003.
EPILOGUE: LIBERATION
1
Quoted in
New York Times,
July 2, 2004.
2
Ibid.
3
GQ
magazine, July 2005.
Aburish, Said.
Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge.
London: Bloomsbury, 2000.
Algosaibi, Ghazi A.
The Gulf Crisis.
London: Kegan Paul International, 1991.
Axelgard, Frederick W.
A New Iraq? The Gulf War and Implications for U.S. Policy.
New York: Praeger, 1988.
Baram, Amazia. “Saddam Hussein, A Political Profile.”
The Jerusalem Quarterly,
No. 17, 1980.
Batatu, Hanna.
The Old Social Classes and Revolutionary Movements of Iraq.
Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978.
Bengio, Ofra.
Saddam's World.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Bulloch, J.
The Making of War: The Middle East from 1967 to 1973.
London: Longman, 1974.
Bulloch, John, and Harvey Morris.
The Gulf War
. London: Methuen, 1989.
âââ.
Saddam's War.
London: Faber and Faber, 1991.
Butler, Richard.
The Greatest Threat.
New York: Public Affairs, 2000.
CARDRI (Committee Against Repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq).
Saddam's Iraq: Revolution or Reaction?
London: Zed Books, 1989.
Chubin, Shahram, and Charles Tripp.
Iran and Iraq at War.
London: I. B. Tauris, 1988.
Cockburn, Andrew, and Patrick Cockburn.
Out of the Ashes.
New York: HarperCollins, 1999.
Cordesman, Anthony H.
The Iran-Iraq War and Western Security, 1984â87.
London: Jane's Publishing, 1987.
Dann, Uriel.
Iraq under Qassem: A Political History, 1958â63.
New York: Praeger, 1969.
Darwish, Adel, and Gregory Alexander.
Unholy Babylon.
London: Victor Gollancz, 1991.
Dobson, Christopher, and Ronald Payne.
War Without End
. London: Harrap, 1986.
Fkaiki, Hani.
Dens of Defeat: My Experience in the Iraqi Baath Party.
London: Riad el Rayyes Books, 1993.
Freedman, Lawrence, and Efraim Karsh.
The Gulf Conflict 1990â91.
London: Faber and Faber, 1993.
Friedman, Alan.
Spider's Web: Bush, Thatcher and the Decade of Deceit,
London: Faber and Faber, 1993.
Fromkin, David.
A Peace to End All Peace.
New York: Andre Deutsch, 1989.
Gordon. Michael R., and Bernard E. Trainor.
The Generals' War.
New York: Back Bay Books, 1995.
Hakim, Sahib.
Human Rights in Iraq.
London: Middle East Watch, 1992.
Hamza, Khidhir.
Saddam's Bombmaker.
New York: Scribner, 2000.
Harris Robert, and Jeremy Paxman.
A Higher Form of Killing.
London: Arrow Books, 2002.
Helms, Christine Moss.
Iraq: Eastern Flank of the Arab World.
Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1988.
Henderson, Simon.
Instant Empire, Saddam Hussein's Ambition for Iraq.
San Francisco: Mercury House, 1991.
Hiro, Dilip.
The Longest War.
London: Palladin, 1990.
âââ.
Desert Shield to Desert Storm.
London: HarperCollins, 1992.
Hussein, Saddam.
Current Events in Iraq.
London: Longman, 1977.
The Iran-Iraq War,
ed. M. S. el Azhary. London: Croom Helm, 1984.
Iskander, Amir.
Munadilan, wa Mufakiran, wa Insanan.
Paris: Hachette, 1981.
Karsh, Efraim.
The Iran-Iraq War 1980â1988.
London: Osprey, 2002.
âââ, and Inari Rautsi,
Saddam Hussein, A Political Biography.
London: Brassey's, 1991.
Khadduri, Majid.
Socialist Iraq.
Washington, D.C.: The Middle East Institute, 1978.
Khalil, Samir al-.
Republic of Fear.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Longrigg, Stephen H.
Four Centuries of Modern Iraq.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925.
Marr, Phebe.
The Modern History of Iraq.
Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985.
Matar, Fuad.
Saddam Hussein: The Man, the Cause and His Future
. London: Third World Centre, 1981.
Merari, Ariel, and Shlomo Elad.
The International Dimension of Palestinian Terrorism.
Boulder, Colo: Westview, 1986.
Middle East Watch.
Human Rights in Iraq.
New York, 1990.
Miller, Judith, Stephen Englelberg, and William Broad.
Germs: The Ultimate Weapon.
New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.
Miller, Judith, and Laurie Mylroie.
Saddam Hussein and the Crisis in the Gulf.
New York: Random House, 1990.
Mylroie, Laurie.
Study of Revenge.
Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press, 2001.
O'Balance, Edgar.
The Gulf War.
London: Brassey's, 1988.
Penrose, Edith, and E. F. Penrose.
Iraq: International Relations and Development.
London: Ernest Benn, 1978.
Ramadan, Mikhael.
In the Shadow of Saddam.
New Zealand: GreeNZone, 1999.
Ritter, Scott.
Endgame: Solving the Iraq ProblemâOnce and for All.
New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999.
Samurrai, Wafic al-.
The Destruction of the Eastern Gate.
Kuwait, 1997.
Seale, Patrick.
Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East.
London: I. B. Tauris, 1988.
âââ.
Abu Nidal, A Gun for Hire.
New York: Random House, 1992.
Shawcross, William.
Deliver Us From Evil.
London: Bloomsbury, 2000.
Simons, Geoff.
From Sumer to Saddam.
London: Macmillan, 1994.
Sluglett, Marion Farouk-, and Peter Sluglett.
Iraq since 1958.
London: Kegan Paul International, 1987.
Smith, Colin.
Carlos: Potrait of a Terrorist.
London: Andre Deutsch, 1976.
Thatcher, Margaret.
The Downing Street Years.
London: HarperCollins, 1993.
Timmerman, Kenneth R.
The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.
Trevan, Tim.
Saddam's Secrets: The Hunt for Saddam's Hidden Weapons.
London: HarperCollins, 1999.
Tripp, Charles.
A History of Iraq.
Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Winstone, H. V. I.
Gertrude Bell.
London: Jonathan Cape, 1978.
