Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (85 page)

AP Szczecin, UWS, file ref. 939, ‘Sytuacja ludno
ci niemieckiej na Pomorzu Zachodnim według sprawozdania sytulacyjnego pełnomocnika rz
du RP na okr
g Pomorze Zachodnie’, article from June 1945, pp. 13—15.

8

Centralne Archiwum Wojskove, Warsaw, IV/5211/11/54, ‘Sprawozdanie liczbowe z akcji wysiedlania ludno
ci niemieckiej za okres od 19 do 30 czerwca 1945 roku’.

9

The same was true in Poland: see Prazmowska, p. 182.

10

Lane, p. 153.

11

New York Times,
13 November 1946, p. 26.

12

The following story is from Anna Kientopf, attested copy 15 August 1950, quoted at length in Schieder, vol. I:
Oder-Neisse,
doc. 291, pp. 289—95.

13

Kaps, Reports 136 and 162, pp. 405, 478.

14

Ibid., Reports 70, 71, 72 and 125, pp. 260—62, 379.

15

Bialecki et al., docs. 27 and 30, pp. 64-9, 71-4.

16

See doc. 217 in Schieder, vol. I:
Oder-Neisse,
p. 233.

17

Instructions from the Republic of Poland’s Ministry of Recovered Territories regarding the resettlement of Germans, 15 January 1946, reproduced as doc. 27 in Białecki et al., pp. 64—9. See also docs. 21 and 30 ibid., pp. 57, 71—4.

18

Agreement between British and Polish representatives of the Combined Repatriation Executive, reproduced as doc. 30 in Bialecki et al., pp. 71—4.

19

For a selection of these press reports, see de Zayas,
Nemesis,
pp. 107—14.

20

See, for example, docs. 51 and 115 in Bialecki et al., pp. 114—16, 192—4. See also
Manchester Guardian
report quoted in de Zayas,
Nemesis,
pp. 121—2..

21

Quoted in Davies and Moorhouse, p. 422.

22

Kaps, Report 51, pp. 234—5.

23

Ibid., Report 66, p. 253.

24

Ibid., Report 2, pp. 128, 130.

25

. Byford-Jones, p. 50.

26

FRUS, 1945, vol. II, pp. 1291—2.

27

Ibid., pp. 1337—19.

28

De Zayas,
Nemesis,
pp. 122—4.

29

No accurate number for refugee deaths exists. For vague estimates by the German government, and vastly exaggerated claims of up to 2 million by German expellee groups, see Spieler, pp. 53—4; and de Zayas,
Terrible Revenge,
p. 156.

30

German Federal figures quoted in de Zayas,
Terrible Revenge,
p. 156.

31

Naimark,
Russians,
pp. 148—9.

32

Szczecin State Archives, UWS, Wydzial Ogólny, sygn. 231, Pismo do ob. płk Z. Bibrowskiego szefa Polskiej Misji Repatriacyjnej w Berlinie, p. 29; Agreement between British and Polish representatives of the Combined Repatriation Executive, reproduced as doc. 30 in Bialecki et al., p. 72.

33

Clay, pp. 314—15; Pieck quoted in Naimark,
Russians,
p. 149.

34

Red Cross reports in de Zayas,
Terrible Revenge,
pp. 131—2.

35

Clay, p. 315.

36

Franz Hamm, quoted in de Zayas,
Terrible Revenge,
p. 136.

37

Quoted in Naimark,
Russians,
p. 149.

38

Ibid., p. 149.

39

Testimony of Josef Resner, quoted in de Zayas,
Terrible Revenge,
p. 141.

40

Ibid., p. 142. See also Snyder, p. 210.

41

Davies and Moorhouse, p. 447.

42

Quoted in H. Schampera, ‘Ignorowani
l
zacy’,
Res Publica,
no. 6 (1990), P.9.

43

Beneš,
Speech … May 16th 1945,
pp. 5, 19.

44

Schieder, vol. III:
Romania,
p. 68.

45

Janics, p. 120.

46

Ibid., pp. 133, 177. For statistics on the Hungarian minority see tables 1—
3
in Gyurgyík, pp. 38—9.

47

as,
26 February 1946;
Obzory,
II October 1947;
Východoslovenská Pravda,
3 November 1946: quoted in Janics, pp. 133, 152., 188.

48

Janics, p. 172.

49

For contrasting points of view on the Hungarian-Slovak population exchanges see Gyurgyík, p. 7, and Marko and Martinický, pp. 26—7. Both give similar figures.

50

. Janics, pp. 136—9.

51

For Bulgarian statistics see Marrus, p. 353; for Karelian Finns see Proudfoot, p. 41.

52

Pearson, p. 229.

CHAPTER 20 — EUROPE IN MICROCOSM: YUGOSLAVIA

1

Report of district committee of Communist Party of Croatia in Nova Gradiška, 2 June 1945, reproduced in Rupi
et al., doc. 52, p. 151.

2

Pavlowitch, pp. vii-xi. I am indebted to this book, and Tomasevich’s
War and Revolution in Yugoslavia,
which is amongst the most impartial accounts of the war and its aftermath in Yugoslavia available in any language.

3

Pavlowitch, p. ix.

4

As with all such statistics, the number of deaths at Jasenovac has been vastly exaggerated for political purposes. For credible figures see Žerjavi
, pp. 20, 29—30; Pavlowitch, p. 34; Tomasevich, pp. 726—8. In 1997, researchers at the Belgrade Museum of Victims of Genocide and the Federal Statistical Office assembled a list of 78,163 named people who had died at the Jasenovac camp: see Croatian State Commission, p. 27.