Sins of the Father (34 page)

  
35
   Daly, p.16.

  
36
   John O’Donovan,
The Economic History of Live Stock in Ireland
(Cork, 1940), p.381.

  
37
   
Dáil Reports
, 23 January 1924, paragraph 497.

  
38
   Paul Rouse,
Ireland’s Own Soil: Government and Agriculture in Ireland,
1945
-
1965 (Dublin, 2000), p.47.

  
39
   George O’Brien, ‘Patrick Hogan: Minister for Agriculture 1922-32’,
Studies
25 (1936), p.355.

  
40
   J.J. Lee,
Ireland
1912
-
1985
: Politics and Society
(Cambridge, 1989), p.115.

  
41
   Daly, p.17.

  
42
   Rouse, p.9.

  
43
   Daly, p.17.

  
44
   
The Irish Times
, 27 January 1925. This was not the hyperbole it seems. The death rate among children under one year in the city was 116 per 1,000, or 11.6 per cent. With regard to children born to mothers covered by the Coombe clinic, Dr Crichton found the death rate to be around 193 per 1,000, or 19.3 per cent. The death rate in the trenches in the First World War was around 10 per cent.

  
45
   
The Irish Times
, 16 January 1925.

  
46
   
Ibid.
, 16 January 1925.

  
47
   
Ibid.
, 18 September 1925.

  
48
   Daly, p.19.

  
49
   
Ibid.
, p.16.

  
50
   
The Irish Times
, 8 April 1924.

  
51
   Daly, p.22.

  
52
   Lee, p.115.

  
53
   
Ibid.
, p.117.

  
54
   Daly, p.22.

  
55
   
Ibid.
, p.23.

  
56
   
Ibid.
, p.21.

  
57
   
Ibid.
, p.37.

  
58
   
The Irish Times
, 1 May 1930.

  
59
   Peter Neary & Cormac Ó Gráda, ‘Protection, economic war and structural change: the 1930s in Ireland,’
Irish Historical Studies
, Vol.27, No.107 (May 1991), p.254.

  
60
   Neary & Ó Gráda, pp252-3.

  
61
   Rouse, p.15.

  
62
   Kieran Kennedy, Thomas Giblin & Deirdre McHugh,
The Economic Development of Ireland in the Twentieth Century
(London, 1988), p.40.

  
63
   Quoted in Neary & Ó Gráda, p.254.

  
64
   Daly, p.78. There is some dispute as to how many new jobs were actually created during the period 1926-1936. Daly says that ‘it seems probable that up to 40,000 industrial jobs were generated in the years 1932 to 1936’. For more on this see Daly, pp75-81.

  
65
   Neary & Ó Gráda, p.255.

  
66
   Kennedy, Giblin & McHugh, p.44.

  
67
   Rouse, p.16.

  
68
   
Seanad Debates
, Vol.16, 15 December 1932, paragraph 559.

  
69
   
Dáil Debates
, Vol.44, 10 November 1932, paragraph 1,417. Ryan also said that an increase in wheat production would mean that Ireland ‘would be more secure in case food supplies were cut off for any reason, such as a shipping strike, a war, or anything of that sort’. See paragraphs 1,399-1,400.

  
70
   Rouse, p.16.

  
71
   Crotty, pp146-7.

  
72
   
Ibid.
, p.146.

  
73
   Rouse, p.17.

  
74
   
Dáil Debates
, Vol.41, 11 May 1932, paragraph 1,463.

  
75
   Rouse, p.17.

  
76
   
Ibid.
, p.17.

  
77
   Foster,
Modern Ireland
, p.541.

  
78
   Rouse, p.124.

  
79
   de Valera in a speech to small farmers and labourers in Sligo. See
The Irish Times
, 7 July 1930.

  
80
   
Dáil Debates
, Vol.41, 11 May 1932, paragraph 1,463.

  
81
   Rouse, pp55-56.

  
82
   
Ibid.
, p.56.

  
83
   
Ibid.
, p.59.

  
84
   
Ibid.
, p.50.

  
85
   
Ibid.
, p.95. The following account of Irish agriculture from 1945 to 1957 draws heavily from Ireland’s Own Soil, pp50-118, and all quotes used are from this source, unless otherwise stated.

  
86
   Ibec Technical Services Corporation,
An Appraisal of Ireland’s Industrial Potentials
(New York: 1952), p.70. All subsequent quotes from the cattle section of
Appraisal
are taken from pp70-8.

  
87
   
The Irish Times
, 12 November 1958.

  
88
   
Ibid.
, 28 September 1957.

    
1
   
The Irish Times
, 4 August 2007.

    
2
   Figures taken from website of the National Treasury Management Agency,
http://www.ntma.ie/NationalDebt/levelOfDebt.php
(accessed 20 August 2010).

    
3
   ‘Ireland is in Top 10 Exporters of Services in 2009’, ‘Progressive Economy Blog’,
http://www.progressive-economy.ie/2010/05/ireland-is-in-top-10-exporters-of.html
(Accessed 20 August 2010).

    
4
   
The Irish Times
, 24 February 2007.

    
5
   
Ibid.
, 8 June 2007.

    
6
   
Ibid.
, 10 December 2007.

    
7
   ‘Statement on the Budget by the Taoiseach Mr Brian Cowen TD’, Dáil Éireann, Thursday 10 December 2009, at 11 a.m.

    
8
   IDA Annual Report 2009 (2010), p.20.

    
9
   IDA, p.19;
Bloomberg
, ‘Ireland’s Economy Resumes Growth After Two-Year Recession as Exports Jump,’
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-30/irish-economy-resumes-growth-after-two-year-recession-as-exports-jump.html
(accessed 23 August 2010).

  
10
   Bernadette Whelan, ‘The New World and the Old: American Marshall Planners in Ireland, 1947-57’,
Irish Studies in International Affairs
, Vol.12 (2001), p.180.

  
11
   Whelan, p.180.

  
12
   
Ibid.
, p.188.

  
13
   
Ibid.
, p.187.

  
14
   
The Irish Times
, 26 January 1956.

  
15
   
Ibid.
, 8 February 1956.

  
16
   
Ibid.
, 9 August 1955.

  
17
   
Ibid.
, 8 February 1956.

  
18
   
Ibid.
, 8 November 1955.

  
19
   
Ibid.
, 31 January 1956.

  
20
   
Dáil Debates
, 2 July 1957, Vol.163, paragraph 453.

  
21
   
The Irish Times
, 19 January 1955.

  
22
   
Ibid.
, 10 April 1957.

  
23
   
Ibid.
, 22 November 1958.

  
24
   
Second Programme for Economic Expansion: Laid by the Government before each House of the Oireachtas, August,
1963 (1963), p.19.

  
25
   Kevin C. Kearns, ‘Industrialization and Regional Development in Ireland, 1958-72’,
American Journal of Economics and Sociology
, Vol.33 (July 1974), p.302.

  
26
   
The Irish Times
, 7 May 1965.

  
27
   Patrick O’Farrell,
Regional Industrial Development Trends in Ireland,
1960
-
1973 (Dublin, 1975), p.52.

  
28
   O’Farrell, p.14. Total costs for the period 1960-1973 have been indexed at 1973 values.

  
29
   O’Farrell, p.37.

  
30
   
The Irish Times
, 15 November 1966.

  
31
   
Ibid.
, 15 November 1966.

  
32
   
New Scientist
, 10 June 1971, p.608.

  
33
   
Ibid.
, 13 August 1987, p.48.

  
34
   
Ibid.
, 13 August 1987, p.48.

  
35
   
Ibid.
, 13 August 1987, p.48.

  
36
   
The Irish Times
, 10 January 1961.

  
37
   Andrew MacLaran, Patrick Malone & Cecil Beamish,
Property and the Urban Environment: Dublin
(Dublin, 1985), p.68.

  
38
   
The Irish Times
, 29 May 1968.

  
39
   
Ibid.
, 17 September 1968.

  
40
   
Ibid.
, 29 May 1968.

  
41
   
Ibid.
, 28 May 1969.

  
42
   
Ibid.
, 2 January 1969.

  
43
   
Ibid.
, 2 January 1969.

  
44
   
Dáil Debates
, 25 February 1969, Vol.238, paragraphs 1,542-1,558. The figures are my calculations, based on the Minister’s reply.

  
45
   MacLaran Malone & Beamish, p.53.

  
46
   
Dáil Debates
, 25 February 1969, Vol.238, paragraph 1,558.

  
47
   
The Irish Times
, 5 January 1962.

  
48
   
Ibid.
, 10 June 1969.

  
49
   Kieran Allen,
Fianna Fáil and Irish Labour:
1926
to the Present
(London, 1997), p.138

  
50
   Rosita Sweetman,
On Our Knees: Ireland
1972 (London, 1972), pp30-31.

  
51
   Committee on the Price of Building Land,
Report to the Minister for Local Government (Dublin: Government Publications
, 1974), p.4. All subsequent quotes from the Kenny Report are from his publication.

  
52
   
Ibid.
, p.11.

  
53
   
Ibid.
, p.24.

  
54
   
Ibid.
, p.36.

  
55
   
Ibid.
, p.40.

  
56
   
Ibid.
, p.94.

  
57
   
The Irish Times
, 26 January 1974.

  
58
   
Ibid.

  
59
   
Ibid.

  
60
   ‘End Foot-dragging on Kenny Report Law?’ Press statement issued on 16 February 2007,
http://www.greenparty.ie/en/news/latest_news/end_foot_dragging_on_kenny_report_law_sargent
(accessed 2 September 2010).

  
61
   There is a scanned copy of the Kenny Report available online via the Dublin Opinion blog (http://dublinopinion.com/2009/05/15/committee-on-the-price-of-building-land-report-to-the-minister-for-local-government-robert-molloy-chairman-mr-justice-j-kenny-dublin1974/).

  
62
   
The Irish Times
, 26 August 1955.

  
63
   
Ibid.

  
64
   
Ibid.
, 14 December 1955.

  
65
   
Ibid.

  
66
   Kevin C. Kearns, ‘Ireland’s Mining Boom: Development and Impact’,
American Journal of Economics and Sociology
, Vol.35, No.3 (July 1976), p.253.

  
67
   
Resources Study Group, Irish Mining – the Need for Action. A Case Study of Exploration
(Dublin, 1971), pp5-6.

  
68
   C.R. Aldwell, ‘Some examples of mining in Ireland and its impact on the environment’,
Environmental Geology
, Vol.15, No.2 (1990), p.145.

  
69
   Irish Mining, p.11.

  
70
   Kearns, p.254.

  
71
   
Dáil Debates
, 11 April 1967, Vol.227, paragraphs 1,276-77.

  
72
   Kearns, p.260.

  
73
   Resources Study Group,
Navan and Irish Mining: Documentation of an £
850
,
000
,
000
, Robbery
(Dublin, 1972), p.3.