Spies and Commissars: The Bolshevik Revolution and the West (71 page)

20. The Allies and the Whites

1
. Telegram to A. V. Kolchak, 26 May 1919: Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak Papers (HIA).

2
. Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak Papers (HIA).

3
. A. Marty,
La Révolte de la Mer Noire
, vol. 2, pp. 114 and 118.

4
.
Ibid
., pp. 140–1.

5
. W. Kendall,
The Revolutionary Movement in Britain, 1900–1921: The Origins
of British Communism
, pp. 241–2.

6
. C. Kinvig,
Churchill’s Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 1918–1920
, p. xii.

7
.
Ibid
., pp. xviii–xix.

8
.
Daily Express
, 6 September 1919.

9
. C. Kinvig,
Churchill’s Crusade
, p. 192.

10
. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Omsk) to Chargé d’Affaires, 18 March 1919: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 57, folder 1; S. Uget to B. A. Bakhmetev, 24 March 1919:
ibid
. See also Russian Military Mission in Berlin to Yudenich, 9 September 1919: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 3, folder 25.

11
. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’,
Pravda
, 30 August 1924, p. 5.

12
. Gulkevich to Ambassador[?], 7 June 1919; American note on finance (Hoover’s copy), 15 June 1919: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 60, folder 1; V. A. Maklakov to B. A. Bakhmetev, 6 September 1920: ‘
Sovershenno
lichno i doveritel’no!’: B. A. Bakhmetev–V. A. Maklakov: perepiska
, vol. 1, p. 227.

13
. ‘Sostoyanie schëtov na 1-oe dekabrya 1918 g.’: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 57, folder 1.

14
. ‘Spisok predmetov i materialov, prinadlezhashchikh russkoi kazne’:
ibid
.

15
. Telegram from B. Bakhmetev, 14 November 1919: Nikolai Yudenich Papers, box 3.

16
. Gulkevich to unknown Ambassador, 7 June 1919; American note on finance (Hoover’s copy), 15 June 1919: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 60, folder 1.

17
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 77.

18
. P. V. Vologodskii, ‘Otchët po poezdke v Tomsk na Pervyi Obshchesibirskii s”ezd’, p. 30: Pëtr Vasil’evich Vologodskii Papers (HIA).

19
. Vladimir N. Bashkirov Papers (HIA), box 3.

20
. Financial agent S. Uget to B. A. Bakhmetev, 2/15 February 1919: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 57, folder 1.

21
. Financial consultative committee meeting, 23 September 1919: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 21, folder 20.

22
. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’,
Pravda
, 30 August 1924, p. 5.

23
. GHQ British Salonika Force (Constantinople) to Directorate of Military Intelligence, 29 December 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 143, fol. 212.

24
. Telegram to General Kondyrëv, n.d.: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 3, folder 25.

25
. E. O. Scafe to General N. Yermolov, 14 May 1919; unnamed military agent in the United Kingdom, 19 May 1919: General A. A. von Lampe Papers (HIA); General Staff Colonel Brandt to General K. I. Globachëv, 16 August 1919:
ibid
. Brandt was Yudenich’s ‘military agent in Germany’.

26
. J. Alley to Robin Bruce Lockhart, 13 May 1966: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 2; E. L. Spears to Robin Bruce Lockhart, 2 January 1967:
ibid.

27
. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’,
Pravda
, 30 August 1924, p. 5.

28
. Russian Military Mission in Berlin to Yudenich, 9 September 1919: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 3, folder 25.

29
.
Ibid
.

30
. V. Madeira, ‘ “Because I Don’t Trust Him, We are Friends”: Signals Intelligence and the Reluctant Anglo-Soviet Embrace, 1917–24’,
Intelligence and National Security
, no. 1 (2004), p. 29.

31
. P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 39, folder 8.

32
. French Mission in Estonia to Col. Kruzenshtern, 25 November 1919: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 3, folder 27; ‘Communiqué du Ministère de la Guerre de Paris’, 29 August 1919: box 4, folder 28.

33
. ‘Modifications survenues dans l’ordre de battaille bolchévique’, September 1918: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 3, folder 26.

34
. Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 4, folder 11.

35
. See for example, Kolchak’s communiqué on strategy and appointments, 7 November 1919, as received by Yudenich:
ibid
., box 3, folder 2; Yudenich’s telegram to Sazonov, Kolchak, Denikin and Miller, 3 January 1920:
ibid.
, box 4, folder 6.

36
. P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 30, folders 3–19.

37
.
Ibid.
, box 28, folders 1, 30 and 33; box 39, folder 1.

38
.
Ibid.
, box 35, folder 10 (Chicherin and Radek; Radek and Rakovski).

39
.
Ibid.
, box 33, folder 5.

40
. Nikolai Yudenich Papers, box 4, folder 29.

41
. R. Service,
Trotsky: A Biography
, pp. 287–8.

42
. N. Andreyev,
A Moth on a Fence: Memoirs of Russia, Estonia, Czechoslovakia
and Western Europe
, p. 43.

21. Western Agents

1
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, pp. 19 and 84.

2
.
Ibid
., pp. 88–9.

3
.
Ibid.
, p. 101.

4
.
Ibid.
, pp. 115–17.

5
.
Ibid.
, pp. 119–27.

6
.
Ibid.
, pp. 127–34.

7
.
Ibid.
, pp. 145–8; G. A. Hill,
Dreaded Hour
, p. 88.

8
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 193.

9
.
Ibid
., p. 196.

10
.
Ibid.
, pp. 203, 230 and 251–2.

11
.
Ibid.
, pp. 197–8.

12
.
Ibid.
, pp. 204–5.

13
.
Ibid.
, pp. 228 and 231.

14
.
Ibid.
, p. 213.

15
.
Ibid.
, p. 223.

16
.
Ibid.
, p. 217.

17
.
Ibid.
, pp. 220–6.

18
. G. A. Hill, ‘Reminiscences of Four Years with the N.K.V.D.’, p. 120: draft typescript, George A. Hill Papers (HIA).

19
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 231.

20
.
Ibid
., p. 217.

21
.
Ibid.
, p. 231.

22
.
Ibid.
, p. 232.

23
.
Ibid.
, p. 213.

24
.
Ibid.
, pp. 234–5.

25
.
Ibid.
, p. 58.

26
. G. A. Hill,
Dreaded Hour
, pp. 62–4.

27
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 63.

28
. G. A. Hill,
Dreaded Hour
, p. 71.

29
. A. Cook,
On His Majesty’s Secret Service: Sidney Reilly – Codename ST1
, pp. 160–1.

30
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 78.

31
. G. A. Hill,
Dreaded Hour
, p. 93.

32
.
Ibid
., p. 105.

33
.
S. G. Reilly to J. Picton Bagge, 10 October 1919 in A. Cook,
On His Majesty’s Secret Service: Sidney Reilly – Codename ST1
, p. 169.

34
. See the excerpts in A. Cook,
On His Majesty’s Secret Service: Sidney Reilly – Codename ST1
, pp. 170–1.

35
. P. Dukes, handwritten untitled memoir (1966?), pp. 7–8: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1.

36
. C. E. Dukes, ‘Family Dukes: Yesterday’, pp. 21–5: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1. Cuthbert Dukes was Paul Dukes’s brother.

37
. P. Dukes, typed untitled memoir (n.d.), p. 4: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1.

38
. P. Dukes, handwritten untitled memoir (1966?), pp. 4–6: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1.

39
. P. Dukes,
Come Hammer, Come Sickle!
, pp. 25–6.

40
. Robin Bruce Lockhart, Notes on Meeting with Sir Paul Dukes, 25 June 1966, p. 1: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Paul Dukes, 1922–1990’.

41
.
Ibid
.

42
. William S. Barrett, ‘America in Russia. Or the Diary of a Russian Wolf-hound’ (typescript: HIA), p. 17.

43
. Robin Bruce Lockhart, Notes on Meeting with Sir Paul Dukes, 25 June 1966, p. 1: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Paul Dukes, 1922–1990’.

44
. P. Dukes,
Red Dusk and the Morrow
(Doubleday, Page: New York, 1922), pp. 3–6. See also K. Jeffery,
MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949
, p. 137.

45
. P. Dukes,
Red Dusk and the Morrow
, pp. 9–11.

46
. Jean MacLean’s answers to Robin Bruce Lockhart’s questionnaire (question 25): Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Jean MacLean’. Jean MacLean was Robert Bruce Lockhart’s first wife and Robin’s mother.

47
. Lady Dukes to Robin Bruce Lockhart, 14 September 1967: Paul Dukes Papers, box 1.

48
. P. Dukes,
Red Dusk and the Morrow
, pp. 9–11.

49
.
Ibid
., p. 7.