Spirals in Time: The Secret Life and Curious Afterlife of Seashells (47 page)

Sea-silk embroidery by Assuntina and Giuseppina Pes

Ignazio Marrocu demonstrates a tool that was once used to harvest pen shells, at the Museo Etnografico in Sant'Antioco

A Noble Pen Shell, standing high above the Mediterranean sea bed

Sea–silk weaver Efisia Murroni

Newly discovered micromolluscs from islands off Papua New Guinea, found by Philippe Bouchet and his team

KOSMOS mesocosms in Gran Canaria, used to study the effects of increasing acidity on open ocean ecosystems

A sea butterfly with its tiny wings and left-coiling shell

A sea angel — not as angelic as it appears. This shell-less swimming gastropod is a deadly enemy of the sea butterfly

Bloomsbury Sigma

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First published 2015

Copyright © Helen Scales, 2015

Helen Scales has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.

Photo credits (t = top, b = bottom, l = left, r = right, c = centre)

P. 50 Christian Delbert/Shutterstock. Colour section, P. 1: Alex
Mustard/naturepl.com
(t); optionm/shutterstock (cr); David Wrobel/Getty Images (br); IDiveDeep/Shutterstock (bl). P. 2: aquapix/Shutterstock (t); Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/Getty Images (br); orlandin/Shutterstock (bl); Werner Forman/Universal Images Group/Getty Images (cl). P. 3: Andy Woolmer (tl, tr); Borut Furlan/Getty Images (b). P. 4: All photos by Helen Scales with kind permission of Fatou Janha and the TRY Women’s Oyster Association. P. 5: Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Digitised by Smithsonian Libraries,
www.biodiversitylibrary.org
(tl); Mark Webster/Getty Images (tr); University of Portsmouth (cr); Stuart Westmorland/Getty Images (b). P. 6: Georgette
Douwma/naturepl.com
(t); HNC Photo/Shutterstock (cr); Alexis Rosenfeld/Science Photo Library (b); D. Parer & E. Parer-Cook/Minden Pictures/Getty Images (cl); P. 7: Helen Scales with kind permission of Archeotur, Sant’Antioco (tl, tr, cr); Reinhard Dirscherl/Getty Images (b); Courtesy of Archeotur, Sant’Antioco (cl). P. 8: Laurent Charles, Our Planet Reviewed MNHN-PNI-IRD Expedition (t); Brian J. Skerry/Getty Images (br, bl); Ulf Riebesell, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel (cr).

No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organisation acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication data has been applied for.

ISBN (hardback) 978-1-4729-1136-0

ISBN (trade paperback) 978-1-4729-1670-9

ISBN (paperback) 978-1-4729-1138-4

ISBN (ebook) 978-1-4729-1137-7