Terrible Swift Sword (77 page)

8.
O.R.,
Vol. X, Part One, 408; letter of Stephen Ellis dated April 11, 1862, in the
Department of Archives, Louisiana State University.

9.
Letter
of Jeff D. Bradford to "My Dear Aunt," dated April 22, 1862, in the
Confederate Memorial Literary Society, Richmond.

10.     Letter of W.
A. Howard, 33rd Tennessee, to Mrs. Howard
dated April 11, 1862, in the collection of the Shiloh National
Military Park.

11. William Preston
Johnston, 613-15.

12. The effect of
Johnston's death has been discussed in detail
for a century, and the general opinion is that the Confederates
would have lost the battle even if he had lived. It may be worth
noting that both Polk and Bragg held an opposite view. In his
report on Shiloh, Polk wrote that when Johnston died "the field
was clear; the rest of the forces of the enemy were driven to the river and
under its banks. We had one hour or more of daylight still left; were within
150 to 400 yards of the enemy's position, and nothing seemed wanting to
complete the most brilliant victory of the war but to press forward and make a
vigorous assault on the demoralized remnant of his forces." Bragg's report
asserted that "at the moment of this irreparable disaster the plan of
battle was being rapidly and successfully executed . . . Great delay occurred
after this misfortune, and that delay prevented the consummation of the work so
gallantly and successfully begun and carried on until the approach of night
induced our new commander to recall the exhausted troops for rest and
recuperation." (O.R., Vol. X, Part One, 410, 469-70.)

13. Diary of A. H.
Mecklin, cited in Note 7, above.

14.
Johnny
Green
of
the Orphan Brigade,
28-29;
Charles James Johnson Papers, Department of Archives, Louisiana State University;
letter of Braxton Bragg, dated April 8, in the Braxton Bragg Papers, Missouri
Historical Society.

15.
Livermore,
Numbers and Losses in the Civil War,
79-80,
gives fairly accurate figures. He puts Federal casualties at 1754 killed, 8408
wounded, and 2885 missing, for a total of 13,047; Confederate casualties are
given as 1723 killed, 8012 wounded, and 959 missing, for a total of 10,694. The
armies at Bull Run numbered about 30,000 each, and those at Shiloh were approximately
40,000 each. It should be added, of course, that a much higher percentage of
each army was put into action at Shiloh.

4.  
Threat to New Orleans

1.
There
is a good summary of the operation in John Fiske,
The
Mississippi Valley in the Civil War,
101-7.
Pope discussed his campaign against New Madrid in the C.C.W. Supplemental
Report, 1866, Part II, 23-24. For Foote's misgivings about Island Number Ten
see N.O.R., Vol. XXH, 695-97.

2.
There
is an engaging account of the creation of this waterway written by Col. J. W.
Bissell,
Sawing out the
Channel Above Island Number Ten,
in B.
& L., Vol. I, 460-62.

3. N.O.R., Vol. XXII, 703.

4.      Walke tells
about all of this in
The Western Flotilla
at Fort
Donelson, Island Number Ten, Fort Pillow and Memphis,
in
B. & L., Vol. I, 442-45. To "splice the main brace" was of course
to give all hands a drink.

5.
Letter
of Foote to Secretary Welles dated Nov. 13, 1862, in the Gideon Welles Papers,
Huntington Library.

6.
Alfred
Roman,
The Military
Operations
of
General Beauregard,
Vol.
I, 358; O.R., Vol. VHI, 809.

7. Ibid., 757, 793.

8.      O.R., Vol. VI, 827. Confederate
spies were sending such
full reports of Federal preparations in St. Louis that the Con-
federate Navy Department was convinced that the main effort
against New Orleans was coming from the north. (Joseph T.
Durkin,
Stephen R. Mallory,
203.)

9.     O.R., Vol. VI,
610-11.

10.
Construction
of the forts is described by Ernest Adam Landry,
"The
History
of
Forts Jackson and St.
Philip with Special Emphasis on the Civil War Period,"
a
thesis written for the History Department of Louisiana State University and
made available by the Historian's Office, Adjutant General's Department,
Jackson Barracks, La. For Gen. Mansfield Lovell's comment on the weakness of
the guns, see O.R., Vol. VI, 512. Admiral A. T. Mahan draws attention to this
point in
Gulf and Inland
Waters,
58-59.

11.
Farragut's
letter to Secretary Welles dated Dec. 7, 1869, in the Gideon Welles Papers,
Huntington Library; Loyall Farragut,
The
Life
of
David Glasgow Farragut,
219-20.

12. Loyall Farragut, 218.

5.
  
Fire
on
the Waters

1.
Lovell's
testimony at the Court of Inquiry on the loss of New Orleans, O.R., Vol. VI,
558-59.

2.
Ibid.,
564; Roman,
Military Operations
of
Gen. Beauregard,
Vol.
I, 153-54.

3. O.R., Vol. VI, 847.

4.
Pamphlet,
"Correspondence between the War Department and General Lovell relating to
the Defenses of New Orleans, submitted in response to a resolution of the House
of Representatives passed third February, 1863; and Correspondence between the
President, War Department and Gov. T. O. Moore," 105-9; in the Beauregard
Papers, Special Collection, Columbia University Library. See also testimony of
Nelson Tift, N.O.R., Series Two, Vol. I, 532-38, 546-49.

5.
Pamphlet
cited in Note 4, above, 114-15; O.R., Vol. VI, 572, 612-13, 811-12.

6.         Durkin,
Stephen
Mallory,
206; O.R., Vol. VI,
865, 877.

7.
Loyall
Farragut, 212; Diary of Oscar Smith, U.S.M.C., in the Manuscript Division,
Library of Congress.

8.
Welles
to Farragut, Jan. 20, 1862, in N.O.R., Vol. XVIII, 7-8.

9.     Ibid., 48-49.

10.
Confidential
Correspondence
of
Gustavus
V.
Fox,
Vol. LI, 89-90, 97.

11.
See
Butler's
Book,
358; Farragut's report of April 21, in
N.O.R., Vol. XVIII, 135; Loyall Farragut, 219. In N.O.R., Vol. XVIII, 372,
Porter is credited with firing 7500 shells at Fort Jackson; in
The
Opening
of
the Lower Mississippi,
B.
& L., Vol II, 38, Porter says he fired 16,800.

12.
Private
diary of Commander Henry Bell in N.O.R., Vol. XVIII, 694-96; George S. Bacon,
"One
Nighfs
Work, April 20, 1862,"
Magazine
of
American History,
March
1886, 305-7; Lewis,
David Glasgow
Farragut, Our First Admiral,
55.

13.
Butler's
Book,
366; letter of Capt. Craven in N.O.R.,
Vol. XVIII, 198; Farragut's report of April 25, ibid., 154; Diary of Oscar
Smith, cited in Note 7, above.

14.
N.O.R.,
op. cit., 152, 177-80. There are a number of graphic accounts of the fighting
in B. & L., Vol. II, 22-91. For a general description of the entire
campaign, Charles L. Dufour's
The Night
the War Was Lost
is warmly
recommended.

15.
Lovell's
testimony at the Court of Inquiry, O.R., Vol. VI, 564.

16.
Farragut
to Mrs. Farragut, April 25, in the Farragut Papers, David H. Annan Collection.

17. N.O.R., Series
Two, Vol. I, 440; O.R., Vol. VI, 608.

6.  
Brilliant Victory

1.
The
United Service Magazine,
London,
February 1864, cited in J. G. Barnard,
The
Peninsular Campaign,
74-75; Swinton,
Campaigns
of
the Army
of
the Potomac,
99-100;
Prince de Joinville,
The Army
of
the Potomac,
33-34;
O.R., Vol. XI, Part One, 158.

2.
Stanton's
Act, which certainly must rank as one of the big blunders of the war, was only
in part due to overoptimism. He wanted to reorganize the recruiting service—a
badly needed reform—and planned to reopen it a bit later. See O.R., Series
Three, Vol. II, 2-3, 29; Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman,
Stanton:
the
Life
and Times
of
Lincoln's Secretary
of
War,
201-2.

3.         Jacob Cox,
Military
Reminiscences
of
the Civil War,
Vol.
I,

265-66; report of Charles S. Tripler,
Medical Director, Army of the Potomac, O. R., Vol. XI, Part One, 206-7.

4.
D.A.B.,
Vol. XVII, 106-7; James F. Huntington,
Operations
in the Shenandoah Valley,
Papers of
the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, Vol. I, 304; Benjamin P.
Thomas,
Abraham Lincoln,
81-85.

5.
Joseph
E. Johnston,
Narrative
of
Military Operations,
106-7;
O.R., Vol. XII, Part Three, 836.

6.         O.R., Vol.
Xn,
Part One, 337, 343, 383-84.

7. O.R., Vol.
XI,
Part Three, 53; Nicolay & Hay, Vol.
V, 180;
Mss. note, Stanton to Lincoln dated March 30, 1862, in the Stanton
Papers, Library of Congress.

8.
Basler,
Vol. V, 184-85; O.R., Vol. XH, Part Three, 16.

9.
Basler,
Vol. V, 179; O.R., Vol. XI, Part Three, 66.

10.
O.R.,
Vol. XI, Part Three, 76-77; Basler, Vol. V, 182. The interesting part about
these messages is that McClellan gave the lower estimate to Wool rather than to
Lincoln. If he had been purposely understating his strength in order to get
reinforcements, he would of course have given Lincoln the lower figure.

11.
Reports
and letters of "E. Allen," in the Report and Letter Book of Allan
Pinkerton, the Pinkerton Papers, Library of Congress; quoted by permission of
Dr. D. F. Boyce, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer, Pinkerton
National Detective Agency, 100 Church Street, New York.

12.
O.R., Vol.
XI, Part One, 268-70.

13.
O.R., Vol.
V, 57-58.

14.
N.O.R.,
Vol. VH, 99-100; O.R., Vol. XI, Part Three, 63, 67; James Russell Soley,
The
Navy in the Peninsular Campaign,
B. &
L., Vol. II, 264-66; Alexander S. Webb,
The
Peninsula,
38-41.

15.
Aeronautic
Report by T. S. C. Lowe, Record Group 94, A. G. O. Checklist entry 126,
National Archives.