The Age of Empathy (45 page)
Read The Age of Empathy Online
Authors: Frans de Waal
Coolidge, F.L., Davis, F. L., and Segal, D. L. (2007). Understanding madmen: A DSM-IV assessment of Adolf Hitler.
Individual Differences Research
5: 30—43.
de Mandeville, B. (1966 [1714]).
The Fable of the Bees: or Private Vices, Publick Benefits,
vol. I. London: Oxford University Press.
de Vignemont, F., and Singer, T. (2006). The empathic brain: How, when and why?
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
10: 43—41.
Eisenberg, N. (2000). Empathy and sympathy. In
Handbook of Emotion,
M. Lewis and J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), pp. 67—91. New York: Guilford Press.
Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis.
Psychological Bulletin
116: 42—56.
Freeman, R.E. (1984).
Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach.
Boston: Pitman.
Grossman, D. (1995).
On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society.
New York: Back Bay Books.
Hoffman, M.L. (1981). Perspectives on the difference between understanding people and understanding things: The role of affect. In
Social Cognitive Development,
J. H. Flavell and L. Ross (Eds.), pp. 6—1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Jaffee, S., and Hyde, J. S. (2000). Gender differences in moral orientation: A meta-analysis.
Psychological Bulletin
126: 70—26.
Kagan, J. (2004). The uniquely human in human nature.
Daedalus
133 (4): 77–88.
Kant, I. (1784). Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht.
Berlinische Monatsschrift,
November: 38—11.
McConnell, P. B. (2005).
For the Love of a Dog: Understanding Emotions in You and Your Best Friend.
New York: Ballantine.
Mencius (1895 [orig. fourth century B.C.]).
The Works of Mencius.
Translation: J. Legge. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
Montagu, A., and Matson, F. (1983).
The Dehumanization of Man.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nisters, B. (1950). Tertullian: Seine Persönlichkeit und sein Schicksal.
Münsterische Beiträge zur Theologie
25.
Pinker, S. (2002).
The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature.
New York: Viking.
Premack, D. (2007). Human and animal cognition: Continuity and discontinuity.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
104: 1386—3867.
Preston, S.D., and de Waal F. B. M. (2002). Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases.
Behavioral & Brain Sciences
25: 1—72.
Ridley, M. (2001). Re-reading Darwin.
Prospect
66: 7—6.
Rowlands, M. (2008).
The Philosopher and the Wolf.
London: Granta.
Rowling, J.K. (2008). Magic for Muggles.
Greater Good
V (1): 40.
Sapolsky, R.M., and Share, L. J. (1998). Darting terrestrial primates in the wild: A primer.
American Journal of Primatology
44: 15—67.
Singer, T., Seymour, B., O’Doherty, J. P., Stephan, K. E., Dolan, R. J., and Frith, C. D. (2006). Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others.
Nature
439: 46—69.
Trotsky, L. (1922). The tasks of communist education.
Communist Review 4 (7).
Waite, R. (1977).
The Psychopathic God: Adolph Hitler.
New, York: Basic Books.
Wight, J.B. (2003). Teaching the ethical foundations of economics.
Chronicle of Higher Education
(Aug. 15, 2003).
Zahn-Waxler, C., Crick, N., Shirtcliff, E. A., and Woods, K. (2006). The origins and development of psychopathology in females and males. In
Developmental Psychopathology,
2nd ed., vol. I, D. Cicchetti and D. J. Cohen (Eds.), pp. 7—38. New York: John Wiley.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E., and Chapman, M. (1992). Development of concern for others.
Developmental Psychology
28: 12—6.
Zak, P.J. (2005). The neuroeconomics of trust. Available at
Social Science Research Network,
abstract 764944.
For about a decade, I have gathered information on the role of empathy and trust in society—both human and animal—for
The Age of Empathy.
This book owes much to many people, especially my changing team of up to twenty students, technicians, and scientists at the Living Links Center, which is part of the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Let me thank by name those co-workers, colleagues, and friends who have provided feedback on parts of the manuscript or offered observations, ideas, and quotes. I am grateful to John Allman, Filippo Aureli, Christophe Boesch, Peter Bos, Sarah Brosnan, Devyn Carter, Marietta Dindo, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Jessica Flack, Robert Frank, Amy Fultz, Beatrice de Gelder, Milton Harris, Yuko Hattori, Victoria Horner, Scott Lilienfeld, Charles Menzel, Alison Nash, Mathias Osvath, Susan Perry, Ing-Marie Persson, Diana Reiss, Colleen Schaffner, Anindya Sinha, Susan Stanich, Benjamin de Waal, Polly Wiesner, and Tiffany Young.
I further thank Toshisada Nishida for inviting me to his camp at the Mahale Mountains in Tanzania, Joshua Plotnik and Richard Lair for their hospitality when I came to see elephants in Thailand, Maria Butovskaya for arranging a behind-the-scenes tour of the state Darwin Museum in Moscow, Emil Menzel for graciously agreeing to an interview about his pioneering ideas, the late Wim Suermondt for teaching me to draw, and Stephanie Preston for helping me develop core ideas about the way empathy works. Our research is made possible by funding from the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, Emory University, and private donations. I further thank my agent, Michelle Tessler, for her continued support, and John Glusman of Harmony Books for his encouragement and critical reading of the entire text.
My first reader, as always, has been my wife, Catherine Marin, who makes sure the text is clear and readable, and who never fails to brighten my life.
FRANS DE WAAL
received a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Utrecht, in his native Holland, after which he moved to the United States, in 1981. His first book,
Chimpanzee Politics,
compared the schmoozing and scheming of chimpanzees involved in power struggles with that of human politicians. Ever since, de Waal has drawn parallels between primate and human behavior, from aggression to morality and culture. His popular books—translated into more than fifteen languages—have made him one of the world’s best-known primatologists.
With his discovery of reconciliation in primates, de Waal founded the field of animal conflict resolution studies. He received the 1989
Los Angeles Times
Book Award for
Peacemaking among Primates.
His scientific articles have been published in journals such as
Science, Nature, Scientific American,
and outlets specializing in animal behavior. De Waal is C. H. Candler professor in the Psychology Department of Emory University and director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center in Atlanta. He has been elected to the (U.S.) National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences. In 2007,
Time
selected him one of the World’s 100 Most Influential People.
With his wife, Catherine, and their cats, de Waal lives in a forested area near Stone Mountain, Georgia.
For more on the author and his book, see:
www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS/Empathy
Copyright © 2009 by Frans de Waal
All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Harmony Books, an imprint of the Crown Publishing
Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
www.crownpublishing.com
Harmony Books is a registered trademark and the Harmony Books colophon is a trademark of Random House, Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available upon request.
eISBN: 978-0-307-46252-7
v3.0
