The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution (55 page)
Read The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution Online
Authors: Jonathan Eig
CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE
| 294 | three hundred thousand members : James R. Petersen, The Century of Sex: Playboy’s History of the Sexual Revolution, 1900–1999 (New York: Grove Press, 1999), p. 264. |
| 294 | results of a Gallup poll showed : George Gallup, “Facts on Birth Control? A Loud ‘Yes,’ ” Ogden Standard-Examiner , February 17, 1960, p. 3. |
| 294 | massive protests on campus : “Sympathy for Ousted Prof—But That’s All,” Mt. Vernon Register-News , April 12, 1960, p. 8. |
| 295 | “Birth control and contraceptive practices” : Margaret Sanger, “Population Planning,” New York Times , January 3, 1960, p. E8. |
| 295 | “neither birth control nor foreign aid” : “Kennedy Renews Bid on Primaries,” New York Times, January 4, 1960, p. 1. |
| 296 | “You are young” : Margaret Sanger to John F. Kennedy, January 11, 1960, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 296 | He had begun testing . . . on men : Gregory Pincus, The Control of Fertility (New York: Academic Press, 1965), p. 191. |
| 296 | She had already committed $152,000 : Katharine Dexter McCormick to Margaret Sanger, January 2, 1960, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 296 | doctors leading those experiments : Seth S. King, “British Find Birth- Control Pills Cause Too Many Side Effects,” New York Times , March 31, 1960, p. 41. |
| 296 | “Don’t be afraid of the number” : “Pope, in Palm Sunday Homily, Makes Plea for Large Families,” New York Times , April 11, 1960, p. 1. |
| 297 | leaders in the Vatican were growing concerned : John T. Noonan, Contraception: A History of Its Treatment by the Catholic Theologians and Canonists (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), p. 490. |
| 297 | theologians like Reinhold Niebuhr : Ibid. |
| 297 | “I am prepared to go to war” : John Rock to William Crosson, April 18, 1960, John Rock Papers, CLM. |
| 297 | At least two of the doctors : Memo from W. H. Kessenich to FDA Commissioner George P. Larrick, May 11, 1960, John Rock Papers, CLM. |
| 298 | “possible objections from some quarters” : Ibid. |
| 298 | “as far as they could tell” : Ibid. |
| 298 | DeFelice gave him the news : William Crosson to Pasquale DeFelice, April 7, 1960, CLM. |
| 299 | wrote and mailed a memo the same day : Ibid. |
| 299 | “Approval was based on the question of safety” : “U.S. Approves Pill for Birth Control,” New York Times , May 10, 1960. |
| 299 | “interfere with the production of the ova” : “Birth Control Pills Approved as Being Safe,” Denton Record-Chronicle , May 16, 1960, p. 12. |
| 299 | His daughter remembered no reaction : Laura Pincus Bernard, interview conducted by the author, July 2013. |
| 300 | “Well, the people, I would say” : David M. Oshinsky, Polio: An American Story (Oxford, UK, and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 211. |
| 301 | “Do not forget” : “The New Pill for the Morning After,” Sydney Sun , January 10, 1967. |
| 302 | “weed out all the negative points” : Elizabeth Siegel Watkins, On the Pill (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), p. 36. |
| 302 | “ UNFETTERED ” : Ibid., photo insert. |
| 303 | sales would increase 135 percent : “G. D. Searle & Company,” International Directory of Company Histories , 1996, Encyclopedia.com , http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2841600069.html (accessed December 12, 2013). |
| 304 | “What I am busy over” : Katharine Dexter McCormick to Margaret Sanger, June 15, 1960, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 305 | more men undergo vasectomies : Armond Fields, Katharine Dexter McCormick: Pioneer for Women’s Rights (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), p. 296. |
| 305 | struggling to kick her addiction : Ellen Chesler, Woman of Valor (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 458. |
| 305 | “No one will really miss you” : Barbara Benoit to Margaret Sanger, July 18, 1960, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 305 | “rudderless drifting towards death” : Dorothy Brush to Stuart Sanger, December 26, 1963, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 305 | “so much government and other money” : Margaret Sanger to Gregory Pincus, June 14, 1960, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 306 | “The church hierarchy opposes” : John Rock, “We Can End the Battle Over Birth Control,” Good Housekeeping , July 1961, p. 44. |
| 307 | One night before dinner : Dr. Edward E. Wallach, interview conducted by the author, April 2013. |
| 308 | pluck a pink flower : Ibid. |
| 308 | began to dance : Ibid. |
EPILOGUE
| 309 | since the exile of Adam and Eve : Russell Shorto, “Contra-Contraception,” New York Times Magazine , May 7, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/07/magazine/07contraception.html?pagewanted=all (accessed February 18, 2014). |
| 309 | “central fact” : Mary Eberstadt, Adam and Eve After the Pill (San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 2012), p. 11. |
| 309 | “solve the recurrent religious dispute” : John Rock, The Time Has Come (London: The Catholic Book Club, 1963), unnumbered page. |
| 310 | a majority of the committee members : “Margaret Sanger is Dead at 82,” New York Times , September 7, 1966, p. 1. |
| 310 | “total” . . . a “special form” : Robert McClory, Turning Point (New York: Crossroad, 1995), p. 139. |
| 310 | “intrinsically dishonest” : Ibid. |
| 311 | G. D. Searle paid him twelve thousand dollars : Margaret Marsh and Wanda Ronner, The Fertility Doctor: John Rock and the Reproductive Revolution (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), p. 282. |
| 311 | “It frequently occurs to me, gosh” : “Doctor Rock’s Magic Pill,” Esquire , December 1983. |
| 312 | Bone marrow cancer : Dr. Robert Salomon to Gregory Pincus, September 3, 1963, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 312 | “I am healthier than I have been” : Dwight J. Ingle, Gregory Goodwin Pincus: A Biographical Memoir (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Science, 1971), p. 238. |
| 312 | “‘kissed’ your picture” : Letter to Gregory Pincus, April 24, 1962, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 312 | Gloria Steinem switched : Gloria Steinem, “The Moral Disarmament of Betty Coed,” Esquire , September 1962, p. 98. |
| 313 | “housewives earning money as prostitutes” : “The Pill: How It Is Affect- ing U.S. Morals, Family Life,” U.S. News & World Report , July 11, 1966, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/filmmore/ps_revolution.html (accessed February 18, 2014). |
| 314 | “I would rather be asked for the pills” : Ibid. |
| 314 | “Mrs. Stanley McCormick” : Dedication, Gregory Pincus, The Control of Fertility (New York: Academic Press, 1965). |
| 314 | grown in value to about $25,000 : Leon Speroff, M.D., A Good Man: Gregory Goodwin Pincus (Portland, OR: Arnica Publishing, 2009), p. 271. |
| 314 | every possible minute with his wife : Laura Pincus Bernard, interview conducted by the author, July 2013. |
| 315 | “This did wonders” : Interview with David Wagner conducted by Patricia Gossel, January 1995; David Wagner Collection; Division of Science, Medicine, and Society; National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D.C. |
| 316 | earning about $130,000 : Ibid. |
| 317 | dressed in proper business attire : Armond Fields, Katharine Dexter McCormick: Pioneer for Women’s Rights (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), p. 297. |
| 317 | “I knew I was right” : Lloyd Shearer, “Margaret Sanger: Fifty Years of Crusading,” Parade Magazine , December 1, 1963, p. 6. |
| 318 | “willing to accept scorn and abuse” : Esther Katz, ed., The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger , Vol. 3 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010), p. 491. |
| 318 | “population growth, when uncontrolled” : Ibid. |
| 319 | “vision was of a world” : John Reedy, “Margaret Sanger, 1884–1966, R.I.P.,” Ave Maria , September 24, 1966, pp. 5–6. |
| 319 | “in a mere six years” : “Freedom from Fear, Time magazine, April 7, 1967. |
| 320 | The pill . . . lowered the cost of pursuing careers : Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, “The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions,” Journal of Political Economy 110, no. 4 (2002), pp. 730–70. |
| 320 | 30 percent of the convergence : Martha J. Bailey, Brad Hershein, and Amalia R. Miller, “The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages,” May 13, 2012, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~baileymj/Opt_In_Revolution.pdf (accessed February 16, 2014). |
| 321 | “first generation of oral contraceptives” : Michelle Fay Cortez, “Birth-Control Pills Cut Cancer, Lengthen Women’s Lives in Study,” Bloomberg News, published March 11, 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=amLgSVxKl4zw (accessed February 16, 2014). |
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