The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (77 page)

future of,
312
-
18

Hindu relations with,
66
,
102
,
185
,
193
,
250
-
51

human rights standards in,
184
,
186
,
192
-
98
,
199
,
205
,
212
,
221
,
223
,
224
,
225
,
228
,
230
,
241
,
283

imperialism of,
21
,
32
,
50
-
52
,
63
-
64
,
83
,
91
,
135
,
139
,
184
,
192
-
98
,
205
,
209
-
11
,
212
,
213
,
229
,
239
,
241
,
247
,
263
-
64
,
271
,
283
,
310
,
312
,
318

Islamic relations with,
20
,
38
,
39
,
50
,
51
,
59
,
66
,
82
,
102
,
110
-
20
,
121
,
126
,
144
-
46
,
148
,
158
,
167
,
178
,
183
,
184
,
185
,
193
,
207
,
209
-
18
,
238
,
239
-
40
,
244
,
246
,
247
-
52
,
264
-
65
,
283
,
312

Japanese relations with,
38
,
68
,
102
-
9
,
134
-
35
,
157
,
185
,
194
,
207
,
221
,
224
,
232
-
33
,
236
-
37
,
241
,
250
,
309
,
312

Latin American relations with,
50
-
51
,
102
,
139
,
184
-
85
,
192
,
193
,
195
,
196
,
240
-
41
,
312

lingua franca of,
59
-
60
,
61
,
62
,
63
,
64
,
73
,
174
,
231
,
319

military capabilities of,
51
,
82
,
83
,
88
-
90
,
91
,
184
,
185
-
87
,
190
-
92
,
205
,
212
,
242
,
251
,
252
,
303
,
312
,
313

Orthodox Russian relations with,
28
,
32
,
37
,
38
,
51
,
52
,
91
,
100
,
102
,
126
,
138
,
139
-
44
,
146
-
47
,
154
,
157
,
158
,
161
-
62
,
165
,
166
-
68
,
185
,
193
,
196
,
242
-
43
,
283
,
293
,
308
,
309
,
312

political structure of,
135
,
155
,
157
-
63
,
165
,
176

renewal of,
301
-
8

rise of,
50
-
53
,
81
-
82
,
301
-
8

Sinic relations with,
20
,
29
,
38
,
51
,
66
,
95
,
102
-
9
,
170
-
71
,
185
,
190
,
194
-
197
,
203
,
207
,
209
,
215
,
218
-
38
,
239
-
40
,
241
,
307
,
308
,
309
,
312
-
13

_p. 367
technological superiority of,
51
,
78
,
312

territory and population of,
84
-
86
,
91
,
303

universalist pretensions of,
20
-
21
,
38
,
51
-
53
,
55
,
57
-
59
,
66
,
183
-
86
,
192
-
198
,
211
,
217
,
224
,
225
,
232
,
242
,
301
-
8
,
310
-
12

wars within,
21
,
52
,
53
,
82

see also specific countries

Western European Union,
219

Westernization:

acceptance of,
73
-
74
,
75
,
144
-
45
,
149
-
51
,
183

modernization conflated with,
20
,
47
,
68
,
72
,
73
-
74
,
76
,
78
,
92
n
,
144
-
45
,
302

paths to,
57
-
59
,
75
-
76

rejection of,
72
-
73
,
74
-
75
,
102
,
104
,
105
,
110
,
183
-
92

torn countries and,
139
-
46
,
149
-
51
,
152
,
153
-
54
,
319

Westphalia, Treaty of,
35
,
52
,
54

Wilson, Pete,
203

Wilson, Woodrow,
91

World Assembly of Muslim Youth,
287

World Bank,
100
,
103
,
208

World Council of Churches,
293

World Economic Forum,
57
-
58
,
59

World Health Organization,
228

World Muslim Congress,
176

World Trade Organization,
223
,
228

World War I,
32
,
52
,
210
,
243
,
262
,
315

World War II,
32
,
87
,
88
,
105
,
106
,
107
,
142
,
144
,
175
,
185
,
187
,
196
,
210
,
222
,
226
,
232
,
262
,
276
,
282
,
291
,
313
,
315
,
317

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

X

Xinjiang,
230
,
255

Y

Yeltsin, Boris,
39
,
91
,
94
,
100
,
143
,
164
,
207
,
268
,
271
,
284
,
285
,
295
-
96
,
297

Yemen,
195
,
214
,
248

youth,
83
,
86

change led by,
103
,
112
-
13
,
116
-
19
,
121
,
148
,
175
-
76
,
211
,
242
,
259
-
61
,
265
,
267
,
314

Yugoslavia,
126
,
158
,
163
,
199
,
308

fault line conflict in,
19
,
28
,
37
,
42
,
125
,
127
,
138
,
156
,
208
,
255
,
259
,
260
,
261
-
62
,
267
,
269
-
70
,
271
-
72
,
273
,
274
,
281
-
91

Z

Zaire,
28

Zhirinovsky, Vladimir,
143
,
164

Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad,
116

Zionism,
188
,
249

_p. 368
All artwork is courtesy of the author except for the following:

1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
: © Hammond Incorporated, Maplewood, New Jersey.

2.1
: Reprinted with the permission of Simon & Schuster from
The Evolution of Creation: An Introduction to Historical Analysis
by Carroll Quigley. Copyright © 1961 by Carroll Quigley; copyright renewed
1989
by Lillian F. Quigley.

7.1
:
Map by lb Ohlsson for
Foreign Affairs.

7.2
: © 1994
The Economist Newspaper Group, Inc. Reprinted with Permission. Further reproduction prohibited.

8.1
: Rodger Doyle
© 1995
for
U.S. News & World Report.

10.1
:
From Gary Fuller,
“The Demographic Backdrop to Ethnic Conflict: A Geographic Overview”
in Central Intelligence Agency, The Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the
1990s:
Geographic Perspectives (Washington, DC:
C.I.A., 1995).

Other credits as noted with the artwork.

Map A.1 – Yugoslavia (former country)

Yugoslavia comprised six republics from 1946 until 1991, at which time three of the republics—Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia—seceded. An additional republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, declared its independence in 1992. The remaining two republics, Serbia and Montenegro, then joined to form the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). In 2003 the FRY changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro.

Map A.2 – Ethnic Divisions in Bosnia

Prior to the civil war in Bosnia that broke out in 1992, concentrations of Muslims, Croats, and Serbs were interspersed throughout the country. By the end of the war in late 1995, nearly all non-Serbs had been expelled from Serb-claimed lands in eastern and northern Bosnia, and non-Croats had been forced from Croat-claimed lands, located primarily in western Bosnia. In turn, most Croats and Serbs had left central and northwestern areas that were under Muslim control.