Authors: Michael Blanding
The Coke Machine (53 page)
Page 189 Galvis saw Rincón inside the company:
Galvis and Mendoza, interviews by the author.
Galvis and Mendoza, interviews by the author.
Page 189 arrested and convicted for conspiracy:
“Por homicidio de tesorero de la USO cuatro condenados,” Fiscalía, April 11, 2007,
http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/PAG/DIVULGA/noticias2007/seccionales/SeccHomicidioAbr11.htm
; “Aviso de citación a versión libre,” Fiscalía,
http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/justiciapaz/DetalleVersion.asp?ce=91422724
; Galvis, interview by the author; Michael Lydon, “Interview: Juan Carlos Galvis Discusses Colombia’s Fight Against Coca-Cola and Its Bitter Attacks on Himself and His Family,”
Morning Star
(London), June 13, 2005.
“Por homicidio de tesorero de la USO cuatro condenados,” Fiscalía, April 11, 2007,
http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/PAG/DIVULGA/noticias2007/seccionales/SeccHomicidioAbr11.htm
; “Aviso de citación a versión libre,” Fiscalía,
http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/justiciapaz/DetalleVersion.asp?ce=91422724
; Galvis, interview by the author; Michael Lydon, “Interview: Juan Carlos Galvis Discusses Colombia’s Fight Against Coca-Cola and Its Bitter Attacks on Himself and His Family,”
Morning Star
(London), June 13, 2005.
Page 190 threats against Galvis . . . then her husband:
Galvis, interview by the author.
Galvis, interview by the author.
Page 190 several men tried to pull . . . Mendoza declined:
Mendoza, interview by the author; Final Report, “An Investigation of Allegations of Murder and Violence in Coca-Cola’s Bottling Plants,” NYC Fact-Finding Delegation on Coca-Cola in Colombia led by New York City councilman Hiram Monserrate, April 2004.
Mendoza, interview by the author; Final Report, “An Investigation of Allegations of Murder and Violence in Coca-Cola’s Bottling Plants,” NYC Fact-Finding Delegation on Coca-Cola in Colombia led by New York City councilman Hiram Monserrate, April 2004.
Page 191 witnesses reported that an armed robbery:
Galvis, interview by the author.
Galvis, interview by the author.
Page 192 “He’ll work a year” . . . “They are going to disappear me”:
Álvaro González, interview by the author.
Álvaro González, interview by the author.
Page 194 “I told them” . . . “We haven’t done anything wrong”:
González and Domingo Flores, interviews by the author.
González and Domingo Flores, interviews by the author.
Page 194 earned the nickname “Chile”:
Luis Eduardo García, interview by the author.
Luis Eduardo García, interview by the author.
Page 194 in death threats he is referred to by that nickname:
García, interview by the author; undated death threat signed “Águilas Negras.”
García, interview by the author; undated death threat signed “Águilas Negras.”
Page 195 When Chile first pulled into . . . pieces of candy:
González, Flores, and García, interviews by the author.
González, Flores, and García, interviews by the author.
Page 196 fired from their jobs:
González, García, Flores, and Laura Milena García, interviews by the author.
González, García, Flores, and Laura Milena García, interviews by the author.
Page 196 174 days in La Modelo:
González, interview by the author.
González, interview by the author.
Page 196 case started falling apart . . . ending the investigation:
Fiscalía General de la Nación, Radicado No. 7834, San José de Cúcuta.
Fiscalía General de la Nación, Radicado No. 7834, San José de Cúcuta.
Page 196 prosecutors declined to press charges:
Eduardo García and Alejandro García Salzedo, union lawyer for SINALTRAINAL, interviews by the author.
Eduardo García and Alejandro García Salzedo, union lawyer for SINALTRAINAL, interviews by the author.
Page 196 In 2002, González’s daughter . . . “I become another Álvaro”:
González, interview by the author.
González, interview by the author.
Page 197 union has been decimated:
Carlos Olaya, interview by the author.
Carlos Olaya, interview by the author.
Page 197 outsourcing of the workforce:
Olaya, interview by the author.
Olaya, interview by the author.
Page 198 wages are even worse:
Olaya, interview by the author.
Olaya, interview by the author.
Page 198 Coca-Cola now controls 60 percent:
Olaya, interview by the author.
Olaya, interview by the author.
Page 198 threats against SINALTRAINAL continue:
Human Rights Watch,
Paramilitaries’ Heirs: The New Face of Violence in Colombia,
February 3, 2010.
Human Rights Watch,
Paramilitaries’ Heirs: The New Face of Violence in Colombia,
February 3, 2010.
Page 198 or even e-mailed:
E-mail provided by Juan Carlos Galvis.
E-mail provided by Juan Carlos Galvis.
Page 198 paramilitaries kidnapped Flores’s son:
Flores, interview by the author; also reported by Colombia Solidarity Campaign, “Death Threat/Fear for Safety,” October 5, 2007,
http://www.colombiasolidarity.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=129&Itemid=45
.
Flores, interview by the author; also reported by Colombia Solidarity Campaign, “Death Threat/Fear for Safety,” October 5, 2007,
http://www.colombiasolidarity.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=129&Itemid=45
.
Page 198 Chile’s daughter Laura Milena García was targeted:
Laura Milena García, interview by the author.
CHAPTER 8 . THE FULL FORCE OF THE LAWLaura Milena García, interview by the author.
Page 202 “At a pretty young age”:
Dan Kovalik, interview by the author.
Dan Kovalik, interview by the author.
Page 202 has done nothing to stem cocaine production:
U.S. Government Accountability Office Report 09-71, “Plan Colombia: Drug Reduction Goals Were Not Fully Met, but Security Has Improved; U.S. Agencies Need More Detailed Plans for Reducing Assistance,” October 2008.
U.S. Government Accountability Office Report 09-71, “Plan Colombia: Drug Reduction Goals Were Not Fully Met, but Security Has Improved; U.S. Agencies Need More Detailed Plans for Reducing Assistance,” October 2008.
Page 203 began in Malaysia:
Terry Collingsworth, interview by the author.
Terry Collingsworth, interview by the author.
Page 205 provided enormous wiggle room to companies:
Lance Compa and Jeffrey S. Vogt, “Labor Rights in the Generalized System of Preferences: A 20-Year Review,”
Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal
22, no. 2/3 (2005), 199-238.
Lance Compa and Jeffrey S. Vogt, “Labor Rights in the Generalized System of Preferences: A 20-Year Review,”
Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal
22, no. 2/3 (2005), 199-238.
Page 205 Bill Clinton mediated a compromise:
National Consumer League, “One Sweatshop Is Too Many: NCL Celebrates the 10th Anniversary of the White House Apparel Industry Partnership,” press release, November 14, 1996.
National Consumer League, “One Sweatshop Is Too Many: NCL Celebrates the 10th Anniversary of the White House Apparel Industry Partnership,” press release, November 14, 1996.
Page 206 Global Sullivan Principles . . . “safe and healthy workplace”:
Global Sullivan Principles, “Charter Endorsers,” “Frequently Asked Questions,” “Principles,”
http://www.thesullivanfoundation.org/gsp/
.
Global Sullivan Principles, “Charter Endorsers,” “Frequently Asked Questions,” “Principles,”
http://www.thesullivanfoundation.org/gsp/
.
Page 206 principles against the use of child labor overseas:
Don Melvin, “Child Labor Treaty Has Atlanta Backer,”
Atlanta Journal-Constitution
, June 17, 1999.
Don Melvin, “Child Labor Treaty Has Atlanta Backer,”
Atlanta Journal-Constitution
, June 17, 1999.
Page 206 they were completely voluntary:
The Coca-Cola Company, “Code of Business Conduct,”
http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/pdf/COBC_English.pdf
.
The Coca-Cola Company, “Code of Business Conduct,”
http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/pdf/COBC_English.pdf
.
Page 206 a 2005 report by the company:
David Teather, “Nike Lists Abuses at Asian Factories,”
Guardian
, April 14, 2005.
David Teather, “Nike Lists Abuses at Asian Factories,”
Guardian
, April 14, 2005.
Page 206 “At the end of the day”:
Terry Collingsworth, interview by the author.
Terry Collingsworth, interview by the author.
Page 207 done for the benefit of two foreign companies:
Phillis R. Morgan and R. Bradley Mokros, “International Legal Developments in Review: 2000,”
International Lawyer
, Summer 2001.
Phillis R. Morgan and R. Bradley Mokros, “International Legal Developments in Review: 2000,”
International Lawyer
, Summer 2001.
Page 207 “You’re a smart lawyer”:
Terry Collingsworth, interview by the author.
Terry Collingsworth, interview by the author.
Page 207 “another example of imperialism”:
Tamar Lewin, “Judge Bars U.S. Suits on Bhopal,”
New York Times,
May 13, 1986
Tamar Lewin, “Judge Bars U.S. Suits on Bhopal,”
New York Times,
May 13, 1986
Page 207 Alien Tort Claims Act:
United States Code, Title 28, Part IV, Chapter 85, §1350.
United States Code, Title 28, Part IV, Chapter 85, §1350.
Page 208 used exactly twice before 1980:
Pamela J. Stephens, “Spinning
Sosa
: Federal Common Law, the Alien Tort Statute, and Judicial Restraint,”
Boston University International Law Journal
25, no. 1 (Spring 1997), 1-36.
Pamela J. Stephens, “Spinning
Sosa
: Federal Common Law, the Alien Tort Statute, and Judicial Restraint,”
Boston University International Law Journal
25, no. 1 (Spring 1997), 1-36.
Page 208 Joel Filártiga . . . Radovan Karadžić:
Anne-Marie Slaughter and David L. Bosco, “Alternative Justice,”
Crimes of War Project
, May 2001.
Anne-Marie Slaughter and David L. Bosco, “Alternative Justice,”
Crimes of War Project
, May 2001.
Page 208 $4.5 billion in damages:
David Rhode, “Jury in New York Orders Bosnian Serb to Pay Billions,”
New York Times
, September 26, 2000.
David Rhode, “Jury in New York Orders Bosnian Serb to Pay Billions,”
New York Times
, September 26, 2000.
Page 208 no control over the Burmese military:
David Moberg, “Burma Inc.; Keeping the Pressure on the Junta and Its Corporate Partners,”
In These Times
, October 1, 2001.
David Moberg, “Burma Inc.; Keeping the Pressure on the Junta and Its Corporate Partners,”
In These Times
, October 1, 2001.
Page 208 Unocal settled for an undisclosed amount:
Lisa Girion, “Unocal to Settle Rights Claims,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 14, 2004.
Lisa Girion, “Unocal to Settle Rights Claims,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 14, 2004.
Page 209 suing ExxonMobil for funneling money:
“Labor Fund Sues Exxon, Coke, Fresh Del Monte,”
Social Issues Reporter
, September 2001.
“Labor Fund Sues Exxon, Coke, Fresh Del Monte,”
Social Issues Reporter
, September 2001.
Page 209 “hired, contracted with or otherwise”:
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 4.
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 4.
Page 210 In addition to the bottlers’ agreements:
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 10.
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 10.
Page 210 Coca-Cola Company’s quarter share in Panamco:
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 15.
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 15.
Page 210 could block the Kirbys from selling it:
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 15-16, 25.
Complaint (1),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 15-16, 25.
Page 210 “I sought the permission”:
Richard Kirby Kielland deposition,
Gil
2:200-204.
Richard Kirby Kielland deposition,
Gil
2:200-204.
Page 210 “wherever we operate”:
“Colombian Union Sues Coke,” United Press International, July 20, 2001.
“Colombian Union Sues Coke,” United Press International, July 20, 2001.
Page 210 “the Coca-Cola Company does not”:
Nick Rosen, “Colombian Union to Sue Coca-Cola in Human Rights Case,” Associated Press Worldstream, July 19, 2001.
Nick Rosen, “Colombian Union to Sue Coca-Cola in Human Rights Case,” Associated Press Worldstream, July 19, 2001.
Page 211 didn’t deny that paramilitaries targeted:
Juan Forero, “Union Says Coca-Cola in Colombia Uses Thugs,”
New York Times
, July 26, 2001.
Juan Forero, “Union Says Coca-Cola in Colombia Uses Thugs,”
New York Times
, July 26, 2001.
Page 211 “You don’t use them”:
Garry M. Leach, “Coke Is It,”
In These Times
, September 3, 2001.
Garry M. Leach, “Coke Is It,”
In These Times
, September 3, 2001.
Page 211 “For all we know”:
Transcript of motion to dismiss, June 6, 2002,
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
.
Transcript of motion to dismiss, June 6, 2002,
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
.
Page 211 submitted a sample bottlers’ agreement:
Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter (103),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 11.
Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter (103),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 11.
Page 212 Adolfo de Jesús Munera was shot dead:
Gladys Cecilia Rincón de Munera, et al. v. The Coca-Cola Company, et al.
, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, l:2006-cv-21412.
Gladys Cecilia Rincón de Munera, et al. v. The Coca-Cola Company, et al.
, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, l:2006-cv-21412.
Page 212 Gil’s murder wasn’t a war crime:
Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter (103),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 9-10.
Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter (103),
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 9-10.
Page 212 no control over the bottlers:
Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter,
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
(103);
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 11-12.
Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter,
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
(103);
SINALTRAINAL v. Coke
, 11-12.
Page 213 earliest education as an activist:
Ray Rogers, interview by the author.
Ray Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 214 “corporate campaign”:
“An Interview with Ray Rogers,”
Working Papers
, January- February 1982. The first use of the term “corporate campaign” in a major newspaper is in a story about Rogers’s campaign against J. P. Stevens: Jack Egan, “Stevens Director Resigns; Avon Chairman Resigns from Stevens Board,”
Washington Post
, March 22, 1978.
“An Interview with Ray Rogers,”
Working Papers
, January- February 1982. The first use of the term “corporate campaign” in a major newspaper is in a story about Rogers’s campaign against J. P. Stevens: Jack Egan, “Stevens Director Resigns; Avon Chairman Resigns from Stevens Board,”
Washington Post
, March 22, 1978.
Page 214 the company’s 1977 shareholder meeting:
“An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
“An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
Page 215 threatening to pull out millions of dollars . . . bargaining table:
Gail Bronson and Jeffrey H. Birnbaum, “Rogers’ Tough, Unorthodox Tactics Prevail in Stevens Organizing Fight,”
Wall Street Journal
, October 21, 1980; “An Interview with Ray Rogers”; Rogers, interview by the author.
Gail Bronson and Jeffrey H. Birnbaum, “Rogers’ Tough, Unorthodox Tactics Prevail in Stevens Organizing Fight,”
Wall Street Journal
, October 21, 1980; “An Interview with Ray Rogers”; Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 215 the “Ray Rogers Clause”:
“An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
“An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
Page 215 “Because Stevens”:
“Labor’s Blacklist,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 24, 1978.
“Labor’s Blacklist,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 24, 1978.
Page 215 “What the labor movement”:
“An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
“An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
Page 215 goal of anyone wanting to change the world:
Saul Alinsky,
Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals
(New York: Vintage, 1989 [orig. pub. 1971]), 10.
Saul Alinsky,
Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals
(New York: Vintage, 1989 [orig. pub. 1971]), 10.
Page 216 “rhetorical rationale”:
Alinsky, 13.
Alinsky, 13.
Page 216 “In a complex” . . . focused their efforts on Philip Morris:
Alinsky, 130-132. For an excellent discussion of target selection based on Alinsky’s work, see also Kim Fellner,
Wrestling with Starbucks: Conscience, Capital, Cappuccino
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008), 230-231.
Alinsky, 130-132. For an excellent discussion of target selection based on Alinsky’s work, see also Kim Fellner,
Wrestling with Starbucks: Conscience, Capital, Cappuccino
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008), 230-231.
Page 216 successful campaigns against Campbell’s Soup and American Airlines:
Daniel Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla,”
Time
, June 20, 1988; Ted Reed, “Union Hires Consultant for EAL Fight,”
Miami Herald
, July 12, 1989; Larry Neumeister, “Zuckerman Takes Control of Daily News, Visits Newsroom,” Associated Press, January 9, 1993; “American Agreement May Signal More Airline Labor Fights,” Associated Press, December 24, 1987.
Daniel Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla,”
Time
, June 20, 1988; Ted Reed, “Union Hires Consultant for EAL Fight,”
Miami Herald
, July 12, 1989; Larry Neumeister, “Zuckerman Takes Control of Daily News, Visits Newsroom,” Associated Press, January 9, 1993; “American Agreement May Signal More Airline Labor Fights,” Associated Press, December 24, 1987.
Page 217 650 people lost their jobs:
Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla.”
Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla.”
Page 217 seeking confrontation and publicity:
American Dream
, directed by Barbara Kopple (DVD, Cabin Creek Films, 1990).
American Dream
, directed by Barbara Kopple (DVD, Cabin Creek Films, 1990).
Page 217 “one of the labor movement’s”:
Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla.”
Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla.”
Page 217 forced to relocate:
Rogers, interview by the author; Doug Grow, “Labor Activist Bubbly over Coca-Cola Fight,”
Star Tribune
(Minneapolis), April 25, 2004.
Rogers, interview by the author; Doug Grow, “Labor Activist Bubbly over Coca-Cola Fight,”
Star Tribune
(Minneapolis), April 25, 2004.
Page 218 A parade of union carpenters . . . challenged Coke’s general counsel:
David Kaplan and L. M. Sixel, “Human Rights, Salary at Issue for Coca-Cola,”
Houston Chronicle
, April 17, 2003.
David Kaplan and L. M. Sixel, “Human Rights, Salary at Issue for Coca-Cola,”
Houston Chronicle
, April 17, 2003.
Page 218 kidnapping and beating of the son of Limberto Carranza:
Final Report, “An Investigation of Allegations of Murder and Violence in Coca-Cola’s Bottling Plants,” NYC Fact-Finding Delegation on Coca-Cola in Colombia led by New York city councilman Hiram Monserrate, April 2004.
Final Report, “An Investigation of Allegations of Murder and Violence in Coca-Cola’s Bottling Plants,” NYC Fact-Finding Delegation on Coca-Cola in Colombia led by New York city councilman Hiram Monserrate, April 2004.
Page 218 SINALTRAINAL released a list of demands:
“Seven Points to Settlement,” Campaign to Stop Killer Coke,
http://www.killercoke.org/sevpts.htm
.
“Seven Points to Settlement,” Campaign to Stop Killer Coke,
http://www.killercoke.org/sevpts.htm
.
Page 219 yearlong boycott:
César García, “Colombian Union Launches Boycott of Coca-Cola for Alleged Role in the Deaths of Plant Workers,” Associated Press Worldstream, July 22, 2003.
César García, “Colombian Union Launches Boycott of Coca-Cola for Alleged Role in the Deaths of Plant Workers,” Associated Press Worldstream, July 22, 2003.
Page 219 media reported it as such:
Jim Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott,”
Atlanta Business Chronicle
, November 21, 2003.
Jim Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott,”
Atlanta Business Chronicle
, November 21, 2003.
Page 219 SunTrust Bank:
Madeleine Baran, “Stop Killer Coke!”
Dollars & Sense
, November/ December 2003; Rogers, interview by the author.
Madeleine Baran, “Stop Killer Coke!”
Dollars & Sense
, November/ December 2003; Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 219 owned some 50 million Coke shares:
“SunTrust Sells Coca-Cola Shares It’s Held 88 Years,”
CNBC.com
, May 15, 2007,
http://www.cnbc.com/id/18677410
.
“SunTrust Sells Coca-Cola Shares It’s Held 88 Years,”
CNBC.com
, May 15, 2007,
http://www.cnbc.com/id/18677410
.
Page 220 casualties of a globalizing economy:
See Klein,
No Logo
.
See Klein,
No Logo
.
Page 220 protests at the WTO meetings:
For an activists’ perspective on the event, see David Solnit and Rebecca Solnit,
The Battle of the Story of the Battle of Seattle
(Edinburgh, Scotland: AK Press, 2009).
For an activists’ perspective on the event, see David Solnit and Rebecca Solnit,
The Battle of the Story of the Battle of Seattle
(Edinburgh, Scotland: AK Press, 2009).
Page 220 patchouli-scented caravan of activists:
See Naomi Klein,
Fences and Windows: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the Globalization Debate
(New York: Picador, 2002).
See Naomi Klein,
Fences and Windows: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the Globalization Debate
(New York: Picador, 2002).
Page 220 removed Coke from its campus:
Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott”; “Boycott Killer Coke!” Colombia Action Network.
Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott”; “Boycott Killer Coke!” Colombia Action Network.
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