The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English (88 page)

For the story of my personal involvement with the Dead Sea Scrolls, see
Providential Accidents: An Autobiography,
SCM Press, London, and Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Md., 1988.

E. L. Sukenik,
Megillot genuzot,
1, Jerusalem, 1948; W. F. Albright,
Bulletin of the American Schools for Oriental Research
110 (April 1948), 1-3; G. E. Wright, ‘A Sensational Discovery',
Biblical Arcbaeologist
(May 1948), 21-3.

Cf. the interview with the discoverer reported by John C. Trever,
The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Personal Account,
Grand Rapids, 1979, 191-4.

Cf.
Observations sur le Manuel de discipline découvert près de la Mer Morte,
Paris, 1951 His major synthesis in English is
The Essene Writings from Qumran,
Oxford, 1961. For the latest survey, see G. Vermes and Martin Goodman,
The Essenes According to the Classical Sources,
Sheffield, 1989.

Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls,
Oxford, 1973.

Les Manuscrits du désert de Juda,
Tournai and Paris, 1953;
Discovery in the Judean Desert,
New York, 1956.

J. T. Milik,
Dix ans de découvertes dans le désert de Juda
, Paris, 1957 (English translation:
Ten Years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea,
London, 1959); F. M. Cross,
The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Biblical Studies,
New York, 1958; R. de Vaux, op. cit. (in note 5 above).

The Dead Sea Scrolls of St Mark's Monastery,
I, New Haven, 1950; II/2, New Haven, 1951.

The Dead Sea Scrolls of the Hebrew University
, Jerusalem, 1954-5.

N. Avigad and Y. Yadin,
A Genesis Apocryphon
, Jerusalem, 1956. See now J. C. Greenfield and E. Qimron, ‘The Genesis Apocryphon Col. XII', in
Studies in Qumran Aramaic,
edited by T. Muraoka (
Abr-Nahrain
Suppl. I), Louvain, 1992, 70-77.

Discoveries in the Judaean Desert,
I:
Qumran Cave I
, Oxford, 1955.

M. Baillet, J. T. Milik and R. de Vaux,
Discoveries
in
the Judaean Desert of Jordan,
III:
Les petites grottes de Qumrân,
Oxford, 1962.

J. A. Sanders,
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert of Jordan,
IV:
The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave II (IIQPs
^a
),
Oxford, 1965.

J. M. Allegro and A. A. Anderson,
Discoveries in the JudaeanDesert ofJordan,
V: I (
4Q158-186
), Oxford, 1968. A re-edition of this volume by George J. Brooke is planned.

Khalil Iskandar Sahin, familiarly known as Kando, a cobbler cum antique dealer, had been the principal middle man between the Bedouin discoverers of thousands of fragments and Roland de Vaux in the 1950s.

Megillat ha-Miqdash
I-III, Jerusalem, 1977 (English translation:
The Temple Scroll
I-III, Jerusalem, 1983). See also E. Qimron,
The Temple Scroll: A Critical Edition with
Extensive
Reconstructions,
Beer-Sheva/Jerusalem, 1996.

Members of the original editorial team spent a great deal of time working in Jerusalem in the 1950s, but were subsequently disbanded, most of them occupying full-time teaching posts in Britain, France and the United States.

J. P. M. van der Ploeg, A. S. van der Woude and B. Jongeling,
Le Targum deJobde la grotte XI de Qumrân,
Leiden, 1971; D. N. Freedman and K. A. Matthews,
The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll
(
II QpaleoLev
)
,
Winona Lake, 1985.

In the 1970s, only J. T. Milik remained productive -
The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4
, Oxford, 1976;
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert,
VI:
(4Q128-57)
, Oxford, 1977 - before he, too, entered a state of hibernation. By 1991, he was persuaded to relinquish all his unpublished documents, which were re-assigned to new editors.

The Dead Sea Scrolls: Qumran in Perspective,
London, 1977, 24 (originally the 1977 Margaret Harris Lectures delivered at the University of Dundee).

A Preliminary Edition of the Unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls: The Hebrew and Aramaic Texts from Cave
4, Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington, 1991. Two further volumes appeared in 1992 and 1995-

A Preliminary Concordance to tbe Hebrew and Aramaic Fragments from Qumran CavesII to X
(distributed by H. Stegemann, Göttingen, 1988).

The following brief account of the Huntington Library's involvement with the Dead Sea Scrolls is based on documentary evidence kindly provided by its President, Robert A. Skotheim. In 1982, Elizabeth Hay Bechtel, a renowned Californian philanthropist and Scroll Maecenas, deposited at the Huntington a set of negatives of Qumran manuscripts. These had been taken in 1980 by Robert Schlosser, the chief photographer of the library, for whom Mrs Bechtel obtained permission from the Jerusalem Department of Antiquities to photograph all the Dead Sea Scrolls. Two series of pictures were produced, one for the Ancient Biblical Manuscript Center founded by Mrs Bechtel in Claremont, California, and another for herself. The latter ended up in a ‘climatized' vault specially constructed at the Huntington with the help of a Bechtel grant of $50,000. In 1986, a year before her death, Mrs Bechtel donated her Scroll photographs to the Huntington. Paragraph 9 of the agreement made in April 1982 specifies that materials on which no restrictive policy is applied by Mrs Bechtel ‘will be made available to use by scholars in accordance with the Huntington's general policies for its own materials'. No such restriction was ever conveyed by her to the trustees of the library. Bill Moffett became director of the Library in 1990. It was on the basis of clause 9 of the agreement that he proposed to the trustees the opening of the Huntington's Qumran photographs to all qualified users of the library.

Bill Moffett, the ‘liberator of the Scrolls', died on 20 February 1995 at the age of sixty-two.

Robert H. Eisenman and James M. Robinson,
A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls,
I-II, Washington, 1991. The quality of many of these pictures leaves much to be desired, but others are serviceable.

Patrick W. Skehan, Eugene Ulrich and Judith E. Sanderson,
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert,
IX:
Qumran Cave 4, IV, Palaeo-Hebrew and Greek Biblical Manuscripts,
Oxford, 1992.