The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (280 page)

London, School of
.

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SCHOOL OF LONDON
.

 
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London Group
.

An exhibiting society of British artists formed in 1913 by an amalgamation of the
Camden Town Group
with several smaller groups and various individuals. The first President was Harold
Gilman
, and among the members were John and Paul
Nash
,
Nevinson
,
Wadsworth
, and the sculptors
Epstein
and
Gill
. Roger
Fry
became a member in 1918 and brought with him a number of his followers. The strong interest of many early members in
Post-Impressionism
was deprecated by
Tonks
, who said: ‘The leaders of the London Group have nearly all come from me. What an unholy brood I have raised.’ Thus began an opposition between ‘advanced’ art and the semi-academicism of the
Slade
. Unlike most other associations the London Group survived opposition, was revived after the Second World War, and came to be looked on as something of an institution. It still exists.

 
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ALMA-TADEMA
.

 
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(1945– ).
British avant-garde artist whose work brings together sculpture,
Conceptual art
, and
Land art
. Since 1967 his artistic activity has been based on long solitary walks that he makes through landscapes, initially in Britain, and from 1969 also abroad, often in remote or inhospitable terrain. Sometimes he collects objects such as stones and twigs on these walks and brings them into a gallery, where he arranges them into designs, usually circles or other fairly simple geometrical shapes (
Circle of Sticks
, 1973,
Slate Circle
, 1979, both Tate Gallery, London). He also creates such works in their original settings, and documents his walks with photographs, texts, and maps. Long has an international reputation (as early as 1976 he represented Britain at the Venice
Biennale
) and has attracted a great deal of commentary, much of it laudatory, although the critic Peter Fuller described his work as ‘the barren arrangement of gathered stones’. In 1989 Long was awarded the
Turner
Prize.

 
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(1702–85).
Venetian painter. Although he carried out some fresco commissions he is known principally as a painter of small
genre
scenes of contemporary patrician and low life. These charming and often gently satirical scenes were very popular, although surprisingly he does not seem to have been patronized by English visitors to Venice. A prolific artist, Longhi occasionally painted more than one version of his own compositions, and these again were often duplicated by pupils and followers.
Alessandro Longhi
(1733–1813), the son of Pietro, was a successful portraitist. He was the official portrait painter to the Venetian Academy, so that he was in a good position for compiling his
Compendio delle Vite de' Pittori Veneziani Istorici
(1762) with portraits etched by himself.

 
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(1890–1970).
Italian art historian. Longhi was a scholar of great industry, and published much new material, particularly in the area with which he is most associated—
Caravaggio
and Caravaggism (he catalogued the great exhibition of the work of Caravaggio and the
Caravaggisti
held in Florence in 1951, which is regarded as a landmark in this field). He was involved with various periodicals, and in 1950 founded a new periodical,
Paragone
, in Florence. In the same year he became professor of art history at Florence University. His villa in Florence is now an art-historical foundation, housing his library of books and photographs, and his picture collection.