The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1374 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Life as art
:
:
Lifnim mi-shurat ha-din
(beyond the boundary of what the law requires):
(beyond the boundary of what the law requires):
Light
:
:
RLiguori, St Alphonsus
(1696–1787)
. Christian moral theologian and founder of the Redemptorists. He intended to be a missionary in China, but was sent to the poor in Naples, where he soon built up a large following. He founded the Redemptorists with fellow-missionaries in 1732, stressing contemplation of the cross and the
eucharist
. He sought a middle way between
Jansenist
rigour and
Jesuit
laxity—associated with
Probabilism
, against which he set Equiprobabilism in discerning a course of action: this holds that a doubtful law does not oblige, and that a probable opinion may be followed, but that a law is doubtful only when the opinions for and against it are equally balanced. His views were set forth in
Annotationes
(1748) and more fully in
Theologia Moralis
(1753/5). He was beatified in 1813, made Doctor of the Church in 1871, and patron of confessors and moralists in 1950, when
Pius XII
stated that he was ‘a safe norm’ in the Church.
. Christian moral theologian and founder of the Redemptorists. He intended to be a missionary in China, but was sent to the poor in Naples, where he soon built up a large following. He founded the Redemptorists with fellow-missionaries in 1732, stressing contemplation of the cross and the
eucharist
. He sought a middle way between
Jansenist
rigour and
Jesuit
laxity—associated with
Probabilism
, against which he set Equiprobabilism in discerning a course of action: this holds that a doubtful law does not oblige, and that a probable opinion may be followed, but that a law is doubtful only when the opinions for and against it are equally balanced. His views were set forth in
Annotationes
(1748) and more fully in
Theologia Moralis
(1753/5). He was beatified in 1813, made Doctor of the Church in 1871, and patron of confessors and moralists in 1950, when
Pius XII
stated that he was ‘a safe norm’ in the Church.
Li Hongzhi
(founder of Chinese movement):
(founder of Chinese movement):
Li-Hsüeh
(Chinese school):
(Chinese school):
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