The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (159 page)

couple’. Writing on virtually all subjects, his most enduring works were
al-Akhl
q al-N
siriyya
(1235, The Nasiriyyan Ethics) and
Tajr
d al-I‘tiq
d
t
(The Definition of the Articles of Faith).

 
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al-Tustar
(Muslim theologian and mystic)
:

see
SAHL AL-TUSTAR
.

 
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(Span., also known from Lat., as
Illuminati
). Movements for reform, based on personal holiness and enlightenment, in 16th/17th cent. Spain. At least three different groups have been identified, attracting both educated and uneducated adherents. Because of their supposed connection with
Lutheranism
, they were fiercely persecuted by the
Inquisition
; yet prominent figures (e.g.
Ignatius Loyola
,
John of the Cross
,
Teresa of Avila
) were all accused of illuminism, illustrating how close were the goals of holiness for these diverse figures.

 
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A-luo-ben
(Persian Christian monk)
:

see
A-LO-PEN
.