. There has also been some reluctance to translate it into other languages. Any version other than
Arabic
is considered as, at best, an ‘interpretation’.
Qurayza, Banu
.
Ancient Jewish tribe in the city of
Mad
na
. The Banu Qurayza believed themselves to be of priestly descent and were primarily engaged in agriculture. By order of Mu
ammad, the men were massacred and the women and children sold into slavery in 627 CE.
Qutb
(Arab., ‘pole, axis’). In Islam, especially among
S
f
s
, the idea of a central axis around which the interests of the world revolve. The centrality is that of God's will and word, manifested through a great saint or caliph (e.g. the first four). Thus it is not held that the individual is without fault or flaw, but rather that at certain moments the qutb is manifest through him.
R
Ra’av:
Rabad
(acronym):