The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (367 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Beshara
.
S
f
-inspired movement, started in London
c.
1970. The name of the founder, a Turk, is unknown, and while members stress that there is no leader as such, Beshara teaching is grounded in the writings of the mystics
Ibn Arabi
(1165–1240) and
Jal
l
al-D
n R
m
(1207–73).
Besht
(founder of E. European
asidism)
:
see
ISRAEL BEN ELIEZER
(i.e. Ba'al Shem Tov).
Bet Din
(Heb., ‘house of judgement’). Jewish court of
law
. Traditionally the establishment of the bet din as an institution is ascribed to
Ezra
. In
Israel
, the bet din is the rabbinic court which has jurisdiction in such areas as personal status, while the bet mishpat (also ‘house of judgement’) deals with secular cases.
Bet (ha-)Midrash
(Heb., ‘house of study’). Houses of study in Judaism go back at least to the second century BCE, when Simeon Ben Sira asked people to ‘dwell in my bet midrash’ (
Ecclesiasticus
51. 47). They were the community centre where Jewish culture and learning were preserved and disseminated.

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