The Confederate Nation: 1861 to 1865 (58 page)

France

Confederacy seeks recognition from, 81, 83, 84, 170, 172, 181–182, 949

conquers Mexico, 186–187

Franklin, battle of, 281

Frazier and Trenholm, 286

Fredericksburg, battle of, 165, 216

Fremantle, Arthur James Lyon, 190, 219

Gaines’ Mill, battle of, 161

Galveston, recaptured, 215

General Order Number Fourteen, 296–297

George III, King of England, 37

Georgia

conscription in, 154

secession, 38, 43, 52–54

Georgia Platform, 52

Georgia Scenes
(Longstreet), 27

Gettysburg, battle of, 242–243

Gist, William Henry, 42, 45

Girard, Charles, on government, 220

Gladstone, William, on Confederacy, 179

Glorieta Pass, battle of, 124

Gone with the Wind
, 306

Gordon, John B., 303

Gorgas, Josiah, 76, 208, 213, 244

and Ordnance Bureau, 134, 210–211

Gosport Navy Yard, 129

government

control of war industry, 207–208

Davis sets up, 71–80

growing crisis, 1864, 285

Montgomery convention, 38–41, 44, 52, 55, 56–66

strategy, 104–108

Grant, Ulysses S.

at Appomattox, 302–303

and battles for Tennessee, 126–128

at Chattanooga, 253–254

at Cold Harbor, 269

at Jackson, 217–218

named commander of all Union armies, 266

at Petersburg, 269–270

at Shiloh, 146–147

at Vicksburg, 215–216

at Wilderness, 267

Granville, George Gower, Earl of, on recognition of Confederacy, 180–181

Grayson, William, 25

great beefsteak raid, 289

Great Britain, and recognition of Confederacy, 81–84, 171–185, 243, 294

Great Debate, over Constitution, 65–66

guerrilla warfare, 248–250

habeas corpus suspended, 150, 152, 194–195, 264

Hack Ordinance, 151

Hammond, James, on Davis administration, 140

Hampton, Wade

and great beefsteak raid, 289

on peace negotiations, 301

Hampton Roads Conference, 294–295

Hardee, William J.

at Cassville, 270

at Savannah, 280–281

Harpers Ferry, John Brown’s capture and execution at, 2–3

Harris, George Washington, 27

Harris, Isham G., 87, 94

Hartford Convention, 33

Hawes, Richard, 164

Hayne, Paul Hamilton, 25

Helper, Hinton Rowan, 11

Henry, Judith, 114

Henry House Hill, 114

Hicks, Thomas, 89, 95

Hill, Benjamin Harvey, 53

Hill, Daniel H., 134

The Hireling and the Slave (Grayson), 25

Hoge, Moses D., 246

Holden, William W., 292

Holmes, Theophilus H., at first Manassas, 110–111, 112

Homespun Yarns
(Lamar), 27

Hood, John Bell

at Atlanta, 272–273

at Cassville, 270–271

at Franklin, 281

named commander of Army of Tennessee, 272

at Spring Hill, 281

Hooker, Joseph

at Chancellorsville, 216–217

at Chattanooga, 253–254

at Fredericksburg, 216

Hooper, Johnson J., 27

Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 231

Hotze, Henry, 177–178, 179

Housatonic,
ship, 231–232

Houston, Sam, 55, 56

Huger, Benjamin, 150

and battle of Roanoke Island, 120–123

human relationships, in slave system, 236–240

Hunley,
submarine, 231

Hunter, Robert M. T., 86, 117, 293

at Hampton Roads Conference, 295

and move of capital to Richmond, 99–100

as secretary of state, 148, 169–170

Huse, Caleb, 76, 134, 206

ideology of South, 4–5

Impending Crisis in the South
(Helper), 11

impressment

of black workers, 236

of private property, 196

and slave system, 240–241

Impressment Act, and war industries, 1863, 210

income distribution, prewar, 14–15

income tax, 198

Index, The
, 177

Indianola,
ship, 215

Indians, treaty with Confederacy, 188–189

industry, in Richmond, 102

see also
war industry

inflation, and treasury notes, 197, 257, 264–265

Jackson, Andrew, 30

Jackson, Claiborne F., 88, 94, 124

Jackson, Johnny, 239

Jackson, Louticia, 239

Jackson, Thomas J. (Stonewall), 11, 224

at Chancellorsville, 216–217

at Kernstown, 125

at second Manassas, 163

and Shenandoah Valley campaign, 160–161

Jackson, Mississippi, Grant occupies, 217–218

Jamison, David F., on secession, 35

Jefferson, Thomas, 4, 26, 102, 222

Johnson, Andrew, 5, 87

Johnson, Herschel V., 53

Johnsonville, battle of, 288

Johnston, Albert Sidney, 141

and battles for Tennessee, 126–128

at Shiloh, 146

Johnston, J. D., 279

Johnston, Joseph E., 263

at Bentonville, 289

at Cassville, 270–271

in command of western theater, 192–193, 194

at first Manassas, 110–116

named to head Army of Tennessee, 259–260

at New Hope Church, 271

and Peninsula campaign, 158–160

quarrel with Davis, 141

relieved of command, 271–272

at Resaca, 270

return to command, 282

at Seven Pines, 160

and siege of Vicksburg, 218–219, 242, 243–244

surrender, 304

Jomini, Henri, 106

Jones, Catesby, and ironclad
Virginia,
130–132

Jonesboro, battle of, 272

Juarez, and recognition of Confederacy, 185, 186

Judicial system, 194–195

Justice Department, beginnings of, 79

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 33

Kearsage,
U.S.S., battle with
Alabama,
278–279

Kennedy, John Pendleton, 24

Kenner, Duncan F., mission to Britain and France, 294

Kentucky

Bragg invades, 163

Confederate threat ends, 124

vote on secession, 88–89, 95

Kernstown, battle of, 125

Kilpatrick, Judson, at Richmond, 274

Knoxville, battle of, 253

Labor movement, nascent, 234–235

Laird shipbuilders, 128–129, 182, 183

Lamar, John B., 27–28

Lamar, L. Q. C., 48, 256–257

Lawrence, Kansas, Quantrill’s raid on, 247–248

Lawton, Alexander R., 211, 213

Lee, Robert E., 141

at Antietam, 164

assigned to protect coast, 156–157

at Chancellorsville, 216–217

at Cheat Mountain, 125

at Cold Harbor, 269

at Fredericksburg, 216

and first Manassas, 111

at Gettysburg, 242–243, 244

invades Maryland, 163–164, 219

and John Brown’s capture at Harpers Ferry, 2

named supreme commander, 282

on offense-defense concept, 157–158

and Peninsula campaign, 158–162

at Petersburg, 269–270, 283

and proposal to arm slaves, 295–296

and secession, 85

at Sharpsburg, 164

surrender at Appomattox, 302–303

at Wilderness, 267

Lee, Stephen D., and capture of Fort Sumter, 91–93

Les Misérables
, 229

Letcher, John, 156, 159

and Richmond food riot, 203–204

Lewis, David Peter, 51

Lincoln, Abraham, 37, 143

and capture of Fort Sumter, 91, 92, 93

election, 45, 54–55

and Emancipation Proclamation, 180

and Hampton Roads Conference, 294–295

names Grant commander of all Union armies, 266

and
Trent
affair, 174

Lindsay, John A., 220, 243

literature

and prewar cultural nationalism, 24–26, 27–28

in wartime, 229–231

Littlepage, William, 275

Locke, John, 37

Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin, 27

Longstreet, James

at Chickamauga, 252

and defense of Vicksburg, 218

at Gettysburg, 243

at Knoxville, 253

and Peninsula campaign, 158

at second Manassas, 163

“Lorena,” 229

Louisiana, secession, 38, 43, 55

Lovell, Mansfield, at New Orleans, 147

Lynch, William F., and battle of Roanoke Island, 121–122

Lynchburg
Virginian,
292

Macaria or Altars of Sacrifice
(Evans), 230

Macon Railroad, 272

Madison, James, 29, 33

Magoffin, Boriah, 88, 89, 95

Magruder, John Bankhead (Prince John), and Peninsula campaign, 145–146, 158, 159, 161

Major Jones’s Courtship
(Thompson), 27

Mallory, Stephen

begins shipbuilding, 208

and cabinet reshuffle, 148–149

and ironclads, 129–132

as secretary of the navy, 76–77

vote of no confidence in, 139

Malvern Hill, battle of, 162

Manassas (Bull Run)

first battle of, 108, 110–116

second battle of, 163

Manassas,
ironclad ram, 125, 129

Manassas Gap Railroad, 112

Mann, Dudley A., mission to Europe, 81, 83, 170, 172–173, 179

martial law, 150–151

Marye’s Heights, battle of, 165

Maryland

Lee invades, 163–164, 219

stand on secession, 89, 95

Mason, James M., mission to Britain, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178–179

master-slave relationship

and impressment, 240–241

wartime strains on, 237–240

Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 213, 231

Maximilian, Prince, 188

Mayo, Joseph, 159, 300

and Richmond food riot, 203

McClellan, George B., 128

and Peninsula campaign, 145, 155, 158–162

at Sharpsburg, 164

Stuart circles army, 160–161

McCulloch, Ben, at Wilson’s Creek, 124

McDowell, Irwin, at first Manassas, 110–115

McGuire, Judith, 227

McLean, Wilbur, 112, 113, 302–303

McPherson, James B.

at Atlanta, 272

at Cassville, 270

McRae, Collin J., 187

Meade, George G., 254–255, 266

at Gettysburg, 242–243

Mechanicsville, battle of, 161

Memminger, Christopher G.

and cabinet reshuffle, 148–149

and Compulsory Funding Measure, 264–265

and financial policy, 137–138

leaves cabinet, 286

and secession, 42, 46–47, 58

taxation plan, 197–198

as treasury secretary, 72–73

Memphis, captured, 162

Merrimack, frigate, 129–130

Mexico

French conquest of, 186–187

and recognition of Confederacy, 185–186, 188

middle class, in prewar South, 6–8

Miles, William Porcher, 141

Military Laborers Act (1864), 292

Mills Springs, battle of, 124

Minnesota,
frigate, 131

Mississippi, secession, 38, 43, 47–49

Mississippi River

opened from Vicksburg to sea, 215, 242

Union control at Ship Island and New Madrid, 125

Missouri

Confederate threat ends, 124

vote on secession, 88, 94–95

Mobile Bay, battle of, 279

Mobile Register and Advertiser, 204, 292, 293

Monitor,
ironclad ram, 160

battle with
Virginia,
131–132

Monroe, James, 29 Monroe Doctrine, and French

conquest of Mexico, 186–187

Montgomery

capital moved to Richmond from, 99–101

convention at, 38–41, 44, 52, 55–66

Moore, Andrew B., 49–50

morale

in 1862, 138–143

in 1864, 284–285

Morgan, John Hunt, 249

Morton, Jackson, 52, 77

Mosby, John S., 249

mail train raid at Duffield Station, 288

Mumford, Thomas T., orders to disperse brigade, 301–302

Murfreesboro (Stones River), battle of, 165, 194, 250

music, prewar, 28

Myers, Abraham C., 76, 134–135, 211

Napoleon, 105

Napoleon III, and recognition of Confederacy, 170–171, 177, 181, 186, 188, 220, 243, 294

Nashville, battle of, 281

Nashville Ordnance Depot, 134

national life

and religion, 245–247

slavery’s impact on, 236–242

transformation in, 221, 224–235

navy, 121, 123

beginnings of, 76–77

and ironclads, 129–132

Navy Department

and commercial war, 182–183

and war industry, 206–207

Negro Ordinance, Richmond, 102

New Hope Church, battle of, 271

New Madrid, battle of, 125

New Mexico, Confederate attempt to capture, 123–124

New Orleans, captured by Farragut, 147

New Orleans
Daily Delta,
55

New Orleans Zouaves, 103

Nitre and Mining Bureau, 207, 208

and loss of copper mines, 257

no confidence, vote of, 139

Norfolk, martial law in, 150

North, preoccupation with capture of Richmond, 101

North Carolina, vote on secession, 86–87, 93–94

North Carolina Standard
, 292

Northrup, Lucius B., 76, 135

Nullification Crisis (1832), 30, 33

O’Connor, Flannery, 27

offense-defense concept, 156–158

Ordnance and Hydrography Bureau, 207

Ordnance Bureau, 134, 207, 208, 210–211

Otis, James, 38

Owens, James Byron, 52, 77

Palmer, Benjamin M., 245

Palmerston, Lord, and recognition of Confederacy, 171, 178, 179–180, 294

Palmetto Guards (Second South Carolina Infantry), 92, 119

Palmetto Republic, 42, 46

Parrington, Vernon L., on Poe, 24–25

partisan rangers, 249

Patrie,
178

Patterson, Robert A., and first Manassas, 110, 111, 115

Pea Ridge, battle of, 124, 189

Pember, Phoebe, 230

Pemberton, John C., 193

at Vicksburg, 165, 215–216, 218, 242