The Crash Course: The Unsustainable Future of Our Economy, Energy, and Environment (41 page)

11.
Wang Ying and John Duce, “Uranium Bottoming as China Boosts Stockpiles,”
Bloomberg News
, July 12, 2010.
www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-11/uranium-bottoming-as-china-boosts-stockpiles-with-10-000-tons-from-cameco.html
(accessed September 7, 2010).

12.
“Uranium Mining,”
Wikipedia
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_mining
(accessed October 30, 2010).

13.
“Uranium Resources and Nuclear Energy,”
Energy Watch Group
, December 2006, 9.
www.energywatchgroup.org/fileadmin/global/pdf/EWG_Report_Uranium_3-12-2006ms.pdf
(accessed October 30, 2010).

14.
Ibid, 10.

15.
“Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel,”
World Nuclear Association
, October 2009.
www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf13.html
(accessed October 30, 2010).

16.
“Megatons to Megawatts,”
USEC, Inc
.
www.usec.com/megatonstomegawatts.htm
(accessed September 7, 2010).

17.
Thomas B. Cochrane, et al., “Fast Breeder Reactor Programs: History and Status,”
International Panel on Fissile Materials
, February 2010, 1.
http://brc.gov/pdfFiles/May2010_Meeting/IPFM%20Research%20Report%208%20Breeders,%20Web.pdf,
%20Web.pdf (accessed October 30, 2010).

18.
Ibid, 2.

19.
“Clean Coal or Dirty Coal?” Alternative Energy Blog.
http://alt-e.blogspot.com/2006_10_01_archive.html
(accessed September 7, 2010).

20.
Smil,
Energy Transitions,
appendix 1.

21.
Bartlett, “Arithmetic, Population and Energy.”

22.
“Annual Energy Review.”
U.S. Energy Information Administration
, August 19, 2010.
www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html
(accessed September 7, 2010).

23.
T.W. Patzek and G.D. Croft, “A Global Coal Production Forecast with Multi-Hubbert Cycle Analysis,”
Energy
, 35:3109–3122.

24.
Alternative Energy Outlook 2006 with Projections to 2030,”
U.S. Energy Information Administration
, December 2005.
eia.gov/oiaf/archive/aeo06/excel/figure102_data.xls
(accessed September 7, 2010).

25.
Peter Fairley, “China’s Coal Future,”
Technology Review
, January 1, 2007.
www.technologyreview.com/energy/18069/
(accessed September 7, 2010).

26.
Euan Mearns, “The Chinese Coal Monster,”
Energy Bulletin
, July 12, 2010.
www.energybulletin.net/node/53411
(accessed September 7, 2010).

27.
C. Lowell Miller, “Coal Conversion—Pathway to Alternate Fuels,”
Office of Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy
. January 19, 2007, 15.
www.futurecoalfuels.org/documents/011907_miller.pdf
(accessed November 5, 2010).

28.
“Simmons Oil Monthly—Solar Energy Overview,”
Simmons & Company International
, February 16, 2006, 1.

29.
Dennis Avery, “Biofuels, Food or Wildlife? The Massive Land Costs of U.S. Ethanol,”
Competitive Enterprise Institute
, September 21, 2006.
cei.org/gencon/025,05532.cfm
(accessed September 7, 2010).

30.
“How the Palm Oil Industry Is Cooking the Climate,”
Greenpeace International
, 2007.
www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/palm-oil-cooking-the-climate.pdf
(accessed September 7, 2010).

31.
Suzanne Goldenberg, “US Navy Completes Successful Test on Boat Powered by Algae,”
The Guardian,
October 27, 2010.
www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/oct/27/us-navy-biofuel-gunboat
(accessed October 28, 2010).

32.
“2016 Levelized Cost of New Generation Resources from the Annual Energy Outlook 2010,”
U.S. Energy Information Association
, January 12, 2010.
www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/electricity_generation.html
(accessed October 30, 2010).

33.
Personal conversation with David Murphy, an EROEI researcher.

Chapter 18: Why Technology Can’t Fix This

1.
Robert Hirsch et al, “Peaking of World Oil Production: Impacts, Mitigation and Risk Management,”
Energy Bulletin
, March 6, 2005.
www.energybulletin.net/node/4638
(accessed November 8, 2010).

Chapter 19: Minerals: Gone with the Wind

1.
“Cleopatra: (Late 69 bc–August 12, 30 bc),”
Wikipedia
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_VII
(accessed November 5, 2010); “Cheops Pyramid: 2589–2566 bc,”
Oracle Thinkquest
.
http://library.thinkquest.org/J002037F/cheops_pyramid.htm
(accessed November 5, 2010); “Space Shuttle Columbia,”
Wikipedia
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia
(accessed November 8, 2010).

2.
Christine McLelland, “What Earth Materials Are in My Subaru?,”
American Geological Society
.
www.geosociety.org/educate/LessonPlans/Earth_Materials_in_Subaru.pdf
(accessed November 6, 2010).

3.
“Table 1.11: Number of U.S. Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels and Other Conveyances,”
Research and Innovation Technology Administration Bureau of Transportation Statistics
.
www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_11.html
(accessed November 8, 2010).

4.
A.M. Diederen, “Metal Minerals Scarcity and the Elements of Hope,”
The Oil Drum: Europe
, March 10, 2009.
http://europe.theoildrum.com/node/5559
(accessed November 8, 2010).

Chapter 20: Soil: Thin, Thinner, Gone

1.
“How to Feed the World in 2050,”
Food and Agriculture Association of the United Nations
, October 2009, 8.
www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf
(accessed October 30, 2010).

2.
Rob Avis, “The Story of Soil,”
Permaculture Research Institute
, June 17, 2010.
http://permaculture.org.au/2010/06/17/the-story-of-soil
(accessed September 7, 2010).

3.
W.M. Stewart, “Fertilizer Contributions to Crop Yield,”
News and Views: Potash and Phosphate Institute and Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada,
May 2002.
www.ipni.net/ppiweb/ppinews.nsf/$webcontents/7DE814BEC3A5A6EF85256BD80067B43C/$file/Crop+Yield.pdf
(accessed October 30, 2010).

4.
Cheryl Long, “Industrial Farming Is Giving Us Less Nutritious Food,”
Mother Earth News,
June/July 2009.
www.motherearthnews.com/Sustainable-Farming/Nutrient-Decline-Industrial-Farming.aspx
(accessed November 4, 2010).

5.
Euan Rocha, “Potash Corp Rejects BHP Billiton’s $39 Bln Bid,”
Reuters,
August 17, 2010.
www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67G1R620100817
(accessed October 30, 2010).

6.
James Elser and Stuart White, “Peak Phosphorous,”
Foreign Policy
, April 20, 2010.
www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/04/20/peak_phosphorus
(accessed October 30, 2010).

7.
Timothy Egan,
The Worst Hard Times
(New York: Mariner Books, 2006), 8.

Chapter 21: Parched: The Coming Water Wars

1.
Lester R. Brown,
Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization
(NY: W.W. Norton), 2009.

2.
Brown,
Plan B
; and Sandra Postel,
Pillar of Sand: Can the Irrigation Miracle Last?
(New York: W.W. Norton) 1999.

3.
Brown,
Plan B
.

4.
Brown,
Plan B
.

5.
David Seckler, et al., “Water Scarcity in the Twenty First Century,” Water Brief 1 (Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute, 1999).

6.
Dale Allen Pfeiffer, “Eating Fossil Fuels,”
The Wilderness Publications
, October 3, 2003.
www.organicconsumers.org/corp/fossil-fuels.cfm
(accessed October 30, 2010).

7.
P. Torcellini, N. Long, and R. Judkoff, “Consumptive Water Use for U.S. Power Production,”
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
, December 2003.
www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/33905.pdf
(accessed October 30, 2010).

Chapter 22: All Fished Out

1.
Myers, Ransom and Worm, Boris. “Rapid Worldwide Depletion of Predatory Fish Communities.”
Nature
423 (2003): 280–283.
www.nature.com/nature/journal/v423/n6937/full/nature01610.html
(accessed October 30, 2010).

2.
Lester R. Brown,
Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization
(NY: W.W. Norton), 2003.

3.
Arthur Max, “Toxins Found in Whales Bode Ill for Humans,”
ABC News
, June 24, 2010.
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=11003954
(accessed October 30, 2010).

4.
John Roach, “Source of Half Earth’s Oxygen Gets Little Credit,”
National Geographic News
, June 7, 2004.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/06/0607_040607_phytoplankton.html
(accessed November 4, 2010).

5.
Steve Connor, “The Dead Sea: Global Warming Blamed for 40 Percent Decline in the Ocean’s Phytoplankton,”
The Independent
, July 29, 2010.
www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/the-dead-sea-global-warming-blamed-for-40-per-cent-decline-in-the-oceans-phytoplankton-2038074.html
(accessed November 4, 2010).

6.
Watson W. Gregg and Margarita E. Conkright, “Decadal Changes in Global Ocean Chlorophyll,”
Geophysical Research Letters
(2002) 29:15.
http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/oceanbiology/reprints/greggconkright_GRL2002.pdf
(accessed November 4, 2010).

7.
David Perlman, “Decline in Oceans’ Phytoplankton Alarms Scientists,”
SFGate.com
, October 6, 2003.
http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-10-06/news/17513683_1_plankton-ocean-plants-carbon-dioxide
(accessed November 4, 2010).

Chapter 23: Convergence

1.
“Paulson Says U.S. Was ‘Very Close’ to Financial Collapse: Video,”
Bloomberg
, February 2, 2010.
www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-02-02/paulson-says-u-s-was-very-close-to-financial-collapse-video.html
(accessed October 30, 2010); and “Bank of England’s Mervyn King Says HBOS and RBS Came within Hours of Collapse,”
Telegraph
, September 24, 2009,
www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/6226238/Bank-of-Englands-Mervyn-King-says-HBOS-and-RBS-came-within-hours-of-collapse.html
(accessed October 30, 2010).