The Dream and the Tomb
THE DREAM
AND THE TOMB
“An epic cast and setting. High quality, splendidly readable.”
âBoston Globe
“The important things about Robert Payne are his sensitive, astute intelligence, his vast erudition, and his magic power over words. . . . If anyone can capture the spiritual essence of a place, of a way of life, of an exotic culture, Payne can.”
âNew York Times
“Based on wide reading in the secondary literature, organized around famous crusading leaders, and filled with romantic and anecdotal material, Payne tells an old story exceptionally well.”
â
Library Journal
“Probably no author of this century has produced so many books at such a relatively high level of scholarship.”
â
The [London] Times
AND THE TOMB
AND THE TOMB
THE DREAM
AND THE TOMB
A History of the Crusades
Robert Payne
Maps of The Four Crusader States, The Ayubite Empire, The Crusade of St. Louis, Events in Egypt, Egypt and Syria, Homelands of Turks, Mongols, and Circassians, and The Fall of Acre are from
Soldiers of Fortune: The Story of the Mamelukes
by Sir John Glubb, reprinted courtesy of Stein and Day Publishers.
First Cooper Square Press edition 2000
This Cooper Square Press paperback edition of
The Dream and the Tomb
is an unabridged republication of the edition first published in Briarcliff Manor, New York in 1984.
Copyright © 1984 by Sheila Lalwani Payne
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.
Published by Cooper Square Press
An Imprint of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
150 Fifth Avenue, Suite 911
New York, New York 10011
Distributed by National Book Network
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Payne, Robert, 1911â1983
The dream and the tomb : a history of the Crusades / Robert Payne.â 1st Cooper Square Press ed.
p. cm.
Originally published: New York : Stein and Day, 1984.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 978-0-8154-1086-7
1. Crusades. I. Title.
D157 .P35 2000
909.07- dc21
00-057010
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesâPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
THE MARTYRS OF ALL WARS
Acknowledgments
My late husband, Robert Payne, spent close to seven years researching this book, reading both Western and Arab historians. It is, therefore, an unbiased approach to a most complex subject; it is also a vivid and colorful panorama of the first great confrontation between the Muslim East and the Christian West. In an earlier book,
The Holy Sword
, published in 1959, Robert wrote: “Out of Arabia there came a proud and august people who in their time conquered most of the known world, and there is still too little about them in our history books. Sooner or later we shall have to learn to live with them.”
I hope
The Dream and the Tomb
will help people of all faiths to learn to understand each other and to live with each other. For my husband, this book was a work of love and hope.
It is not often that a major book is published so soon after an author's death. If there are any inconsistencies or omissions, I hope the reader will understand.
I am extremely grateful to Sol Stein and to Benton Arnovitz for overseeing the whole project. I am also very grateful to Patricia Day and to Toby Stein for doing a superb job of editing. My sincere thanks also go to everyone concerned for their help and support. In particular, I would like to thank The Arts of Asia Foundation and The Very Reverend James Parks Morton, Dean of the Cathedral of St. John The Divine.
Sheila Lalwani Payne
Under the Walls of Constantinople
II THE DARK ROADS TO THE HOLY LAND
Journey Through the Wilderness
III THE KINGS WHO CAME FROM ABROAD
The Armed Might of the Crusaders
IV THE KINGS BORN IN THE HOLY LAND
King Baldwin III and the Heroic Age
V THE YOUNG KING'S VALOR AND THE FALL OF JERUSALEM
King Baldwin IV Against Saladin
The Devastation of Constantinople
VIII THE WASTING OF THE TREASURE
IX FREDERICK, EMPEROR OF THE ROMANS, EVER GLORIOUS
Victory and Defeat at Damietta
Crusader Fortifications and Settlements
The Four Crusader States (1099-1144)
Homelands of Turks, Mongols, and Circassians
The Fall of Acre, May 18, 1291
The 1390 Genoese and French expedition to Barbary
Crusaders bombard Nicaea with the heads of their captives, three views
Four illustrations of Crusaders in battle
At the head of a Crusader army
Crusaders besieging a walled town
Crusader heavy infantry with archer support
Two illustrations of Crusaders sallying forth from a walled city
Close fighting with the Muslims
Crusaders listening to a preacher
The seal of Richard the Lion Hearted, both sides
The seal of the Templars, both sides
Refectory of the Order of St. John in Aere
Knight's Hall of Belvoir fortress
The ivory covers of the Melisend Psalter, both sides
The adoration of the Magi from the Melisend Psalter
Crusader art with strong Islamic influence
THE VOICE FROM THE TOMB
The Dream
and the Tomb
IN their hundreds of thousands the Crusaders marched to the Holy Land, some on foot, some on donkeys, some in carts, some in armor and on well-caparisoned horses. Perhaps a quarter of them died on the journey and another quarter died in the wars, and many of them suffered atrociously to defend the small strip of seacoast they called the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a kingdom they held for less than a hundred years. They called themselves
peregrini Christi
, pilgrims of Christ, and in their eyes the miseries of the enterprise were outweighed by the splendor and the glory. They came from all walks of life: kings and emperors, farm boys and laborers, archbishops and priests, knights and foot soldiers. In wave after wave these armored pilgrims were swept forward to the holy cities of the Holy Land, and most especially to Jerusalem, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the tomb of Christ.
