The Family Jewels (50 page)

8
. White House, Memorandum, Brent Scowcroft–Gerald R. Ford, “Award of the National Security Medal to Lieutenant General Vernon A. Walters,” June 8, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Library, Ford Papers, White House Central Files, Agency Files, box 20, folder “FG 6-2: CIA, 6/1/76–1/20/77.”

9
. CIA, Morning Staff Meeting Notes, June 19, 1972,
Family Jewels Documents
, p. 296.

10
. CIA, Morning Staff Meeting Notes, June 20, 1972,
Family Jewels Documents
, p. 296.

11
. During the Watergate investigations it would be disputed by some whether White House domestic affairs counsel John D. Ehrlich man had actually telephoned Cushman on cooperation with Hunt. It is worth noting that Cushman's reason for mentioning Hunt at the CIA director's staff meeting was to report his phone conversation with Ehrlichman (
Family Jewels Documents
, 286).

12
. Senate Watergate Committee, Senator Howard Baker,
“Minority Report on CIA Involvement,” reprinted in
The Senate Watergate Report
(New York: Dell Books, 1974), 752–755.

13
. Cord Meyer,
Facing Reality: From World Federalism to the CIA
(New York: Harper & Row, 1980), 150.

14
. William E. Colby with Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978), quoted p. 321.

15
. Robert M. Hathaway and Russell Jack Smith,
Richard Helms as Director of Central Intelligence, 1966–1973
(CIA: Center for the Study of Intelligence/History Staff, 1993; declassified July 2006), 187.

16
. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986,” November 6, 1986,
Public Papers of the President: Ronald Reagan 1986
, vol. 2, 1521–1522.

17
. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks and an Informal Exchange with Reporters Prior to a Meeting with David Jacobsen,” November 7, 1986,
Public Papers of the President: Ronald Reagan 1986
, vol. 2, 1533–1534. Also see Peter Kornbluh and Malcolm Byrne, eds.,
The Iran-Contra Scandal: The Declassified History
(New York: New Press, 1993), 305, which quotes presidential press secretary Ari Fleischer as commenting that Reagan knew all these statements were false at the time.

18
. Ronald Reagan Diary, entries for November 7, 8/9, 10, 11, and 12, 1986, in Douglas Brinkley, ed.,
The Reagan Diaries: Unabridged
(New York: HarperCollins, 2009), vol. 2, 655–657.

19
. Reagan Diary, November 13, 1986, vol. 2, 657.

20
. Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Nation on Iran Arms,” November 13, 1986,
Public Papers of the President
(
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=36728
[accessed January 20, 2013]). The president's citation of “boatloads” of weapons was actually a veiled reference to the “Danish sailor” reported in his diary. Actually the comment
was
correct, but from the Danish seamen's union, not a sailor, except that the ship had carried weapons to Central America. A second shipment had been en route in October when diverted to a U.S. port because statutes had changed to make it legal for the U.S. military to accept weapons for onward shipment to the
contras
. And on the day of Reagan's speech, the Panamanian-flagged ship
Angelique
departed Setubal, Portugal, for Iran with a shipment of weapons. This was apparently part of an ongoing program of Portuguese arms sales to Iran, not Reagan's Iran-Contra initiative. The Danish sailor would come up again at President Reagan's news conference on November 19.

21
. Ronald Reagan Diary, November 17 and 19, 1986, in Brinkley,
Reagan Diaries
, vol. 2, 658, 659.

22
. Theodore Draper,
A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affairs
(New York: Hill & Wang, 1991), 482.

23
. Ronald Reagan, “The President's News Conference,” November 19, 1986; and “Statement on the Iran Arms and Contra Aid Controversy,” November 19, 1986, in
Public Papers of the President
(respectively,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=36748
and
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=36749
[accessed January 20, 2013]).

24
. CIA, Letter, William J. Casey–Ronald Reagan, November 23, 1986, in Lawrence E. Walsh, et al.,
Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters: Investigations and Prosecutions
(United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, August 4, 1993), quoted vol. 1, 215.

25
. Robert M. Gates,
From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 402–403. It follows from this, Gates argues, that the notion Casey was running an “Enterprise” with the private benefactors in Central America is incorrect. My view is that the off-the-shelf covert operation was quite real. Unlike for the diversion, there is a huge weight of evidence from North's notebooks, guarded channel CIA (KL-43) communications traffic, and testimony from Iran-Contra figures that Bill Casey was moving pieces around the Central American chessboard in exactly the manner of an active operation.

26
. James McCullough, “Coping with Iran-Contra: Personal Reflections on Bill Casey's Last Month at CIA,”
Studies in Intelligence
, Summer 1995, pp. 27–44.

27
. Gates,
From the Shadows
, 410.

28
. Ibid., 315, 394–395, quoted on 400–401.

29
. David Gries, “Coping with Iran-Contra: Commentary,”
Studies in Intelligence
, Summer 1996,
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/96unclass/gries.htm
(accessed January 13, 2013).

30
. Lawrence E. Walsh,
Firewall: The Iran-Contra Conspiracy and Cover-up
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), 50.

31
. Oliver North,
Taking the Stand: The Testimony of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver L. North
(New York: Pocket Books, 1987), 507.

32
. Ronald Reagan Diary, August 8, 1987, in Brinkley,
Reagan Diaries
, vol. 2, 762.

33
. Draper,
A Very Thin Line
, 24–25.

34
. Dick Cheney with Liz Cheney,
In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 143.

35
. United States Congress (100th Cong., 1st sess.),
Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1987), 437.

36
. Mark Mazzetti, “CIA Destroyed Tapes of Interrogations,”
New York Times
, December 6, 2007, A1.

37
. George W. Bush,
Decision Points
(New York: Crown Books, 2010), 180.

CHAPTER 10. CLARITY

1
. Harry Howe Ransom,
Can American Democracy Survive Cold War?
(New York: Doubleday & Company, 1963). The citation that follows is to the Anchor Press edition, which appeared in 1964.

2
. Ibid., 166.

INDEX

Abernathy, Thomas,
70

Abrams, Elliott,
308

Abu Ghraib,
152

Abzug, Bella,
50
,
75
,
95–96
,
278

academic conferences, videotapes of,
60

accountability,
332–333

Achille Lauro
,
129

ACLU,
239

“actionable intelligence,”
128

Adams, Sam,
209

Addington, David S.,
103–105
,
152
,
310
,
314

Adkins, Jim,
155

AE/Foxtrot,
114
.
See also
Nosenko, Yuri

Afghanistan: Carter administration covert operations in,
217–218
; covert operations in,
176
; detainee beaten to death,
148
; NSA watch on,
99
; use of drones in,
142
,
178–179
,
181
; U.S. invasion of,
128
,
182
,
268–269

“AfPak” strategy,
184
,
186–187

Agee, Philip: CIA career of,
240–241
; CIA smear campaign against,
248–250
; CIA surveillance of,
51–52
,
243–244
; as critic or villain,
241–242
,
245–247
; donated papers of,
232
; letter in
Marcha
,
243
; passport revoked,
250
; publication of
Inside the Company
,
248–249
; research in Mexico, Cuba, Paris,
242–243

Air America,
202
,
207

al-Awlaki, Abdulrahman,
187

al-Awlaki, Anwar,
187

Albee, Edward,
75

Alfred A. Knopf,
239

Algeria,
40
,
44
,
329

al-Harethi, Qaed Salim Sinan,
182

Allen, Lew,
87–88
,
92
,
94–95
,
278
,
346n31

Allen, Robert S.,
194–195

Allende, Salvador,
170
,
238
,
243
,
327

“Allen-Scott Report,”
195

al-Libi, Ibn al-Shaykh,
131
,
148–149

allies, complicity of U.S.,
317

al-Nashiri, Abd el-Rahim,
143–145

Alpirez, Julio Roberto,
123–125
,
349n16

al Qaeda,
127–128
; 1990s intelligence on,
132
; 2001 roundup of suspected members,
127–128
; Abdulrahman al-Awlaki,
187
; Anwar al-Awlaki,
187
; capture and rendition of al-Libi,
131–132
; escape from Tora Bora,
128
; hunt for bin Laden,
178–179
,
185–186
; Khalid Sheik Mohammed,
134
,
146
; misidentification of CIA operatives as,
181
; NSA watch
on Afghanistan,
99
; Predator drone attacks on,
142
,
181–182
,
185–188
; Saddam Hussein alleged links to,
311
; state of U.S. intelligence on,
132–133
.
See also
Zubaydah, Abu

Al-Shiraa
magazine,
294

Alsop, Joseph,
214
,
219

American Friends Service Committee/Quakers,
60
,
75

Anderson, Jack,
210–214

The Anderson Papers
,
211

Angleton, James: discussion with Associated Press,
11
; distancing himself from Project Chaos,
41
; and Golitsyn,
114–115
; named in Hersh story,
25
; and Nosenko case,
117
,
119–120
; picking Ober to run Project Chaos,
40
; and Project Lingual,
68
,
73
,
74–77
.
See also
Counterintelligence Staff, CIA

Angola,
216

antiwar protests,
37
,
47–48
,
50
,
84

APEX contracts,
255–256

Applewhite, Edmund,
200–201

Arar, Maher,
148

“armed reconnaissance,”
178
.
See also
drone warfare

Army intelligence, U.S.,
46
,
60
,
84

arrest powers,
119

Ashcroft, John,
105–106
,
135–136
,
147

assassinations: Belin investigation into,
162–166
; Castro,
159
,
165–166
,
168–170
,
220
; Church Committee findings on,
166–173
; executive orders prohibiting,
174–175
; Ford's slip on,
160–165
,
216
,
325
; Kennedy Assassination Records Review Board,
79
,
169
,
229–231
; not included in Family Jewels compilation,
19
; Trujillo,
165
,
171

Associated Press (AP),
10–11

Association of Former Intelligence Officers,
223

Atef, Mohammed,
133
,
181

Athens News
,
222

Athens Olympics,
150–151

Atlantic
,
203
,
208

attitude of superiority,
3–4

Awlaki, Abdulrahman al-,
187

Awlaki, Anwar al-,
187

Baer, Robert,
264

Bagley, Tennent H. (“Pete”),
115
,
117–119
,
136
,
348n6
,
349n13

Baker, Howard,
286
,
288–290

Bamaca Velasquez, Efrain,
123–125

Bamford, James,
231–232

Barker, Bernard L.,
283
,
285

Barnes, Tracy,
198

Barron, John,
226–227
,
247

The Bay of Pigs
(Johnson),
204

Bay of Pigs invasion,
22
,
169
,
197
,
203
,
220

Beacon Press,
209

Bearden, Milt,
264–265

Beecher, William,
214

Belenko, Viktor,
226

Belin, David W.,
162–166
,
169
,
174
,
278