The Feminine Mystique (63 page)

American women's domestic retreat decried by, 168–69

background of, 166

career achievements of, 152, 164–65, 168, 461

on early marriage, 210

female role glorified by, 154, 155–56, 158–63, 165, 167–68

Freudian orientation of, 140, 154, 156–58, 160, 165, 522
n

influence wielded by, 151–52, 165, 167, 169, 180

on life-cycle stages, 525
n

primitive cultures studied by, 152, 157–63, 522
n

on temperamental vs. sex-based differences, 152–56

on working women, 460–61

men:

advertising aimed at, 508

child-care participation of, 286, 294, 495

college education of, 187, 188, 210, 539
n

community volunteer work of, 292, 528
n

cultural pressures suffered by, 239

domestic activities of, 42–43, 210, 240, 283, 286, 294, 295, 300–301, 409–10, 495

female subservience to, 41, 59, 60, 86, 89, 90, 117, 121–22, 123, 133, 173–74, 424–25

feminist militancy against, 468–70

functionalist views on roles of, 144–46

as head of household, 43, 44

identity crisis of, 77–79

infidelity of, 324, 325

magazines for, 311, 312

marital constriction felt by, 323–24

passivity/immaturity of, 22, 326, 329, 343

sexual pressure experienced by, 54, 307, 310, 317–18, 323, 324, 529
n

women's magazines run by, 49, 63, 64

work as sphere of, 144–45, 451, 539
n

see also
masculinity

Menninger, Karl, 529
n

menopause, 318–19, 320, 525
n,
538
n,
541
n

men's movement, 506–7

menstrual cycle, 318, 320, 520
n

mental retardation, 303–4, 357

Metrecal, 3

Mill, John Stuart, 119

Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 47–48, 173

Millett, Kate, 469

Mills College, 181, 182

mink coats, 262

Minkowski, Eugene, 533
n
–34
n

Minnesota, University of, Plan for Women's Continuing Education at, 446, 448, 450

miscarriages, 540
n

Miss America beauty pageant, 468

mission, sense of, 388

Mitsubishi, sexual harassment complaints against, 492

mixed marriages, 195, 197

Modern Woman
(Farnham and Lundberg), 35, 131–32, 181, 226

Mosse, George L., 506

“Mother-in-Law,” 30–31

mothers, motherhood:

age and, 187, 214

anthropological view of, 154, 155–56, 158–63

birth rates and, 3, 18, 21–22, 214, 474, 526
n

breastfeeding and, 3, 22, 53, 157, 167, 279, 409

career ambitions vs., 3, 5, 37–40, 51–52, 53–56, 143, 197, 227–28, 412–13, 434, 453, 454, 460–61, 539
n
–40
n

childbirth process and, 22, 167, 279, 409

as daughters' role models, 71, 72, 73, 74, 106, 107, 108, 206, 444–45

education resumption after early phase of, 434

higher education and, 443, 539
n

hour off prescribed for, 414–15

overinvolvement in, 19, 231–33, 235–38, 294, 318, 319, 343–47, 349, 413–14, 481

penis envy vs., 125, 126–27, 131, 132

pregnancy and, 187, 320, 330, 341, 345, 350, 351, 529
n
–30
n,
540
n

psychological critiques of, 220–25, 227–30, 232–39

self-realization deficits and, 354–56, 357, 358–61, 365–66

symbiotic emotional relationships in, 345–48, 355

unmarried, 531
n

as women's sole source of fulfillment, 59, 81, 173, 319–20, 409, 412

mother-son relationship, 125, 127, 232–33, 235, 237–38, 239

male homosexuality and, 326, 328, 329

see also
child care

“Mother Who Ran Away, The,” 44

motivational research, 244–49, 255–56, 268–72

Mott, Lucretia, 87

Mount Holyoke College, 87, 435

Ms.,
499

Mudd, Emily, 60

Muggeridge, Malcolm, 530
n

Mundugumor culture, 152

Murray, Judith Sargent, 87

Murray, Pauli, 462

Myrdal, Alva, 528
n,
536
n
–37
n,
540
n

“Myth of Functional Analysis as a Special Method in Sociology and Anthropology, The” (Davis), 151

National Organization for Women (NOW), xix, 463, 466, 467–69, 470–71, 472, 478–79, 492

National Women's Political Caucus, 473

natural childbirth, 22, 167, 279, 409

Nazism, 29, 302, 367–69

needs, hierarchy of, 378–79, 380

Negroes:

school segregation of, 27, 28, 209, 433

women's emancipation and, 104, 119

neurosis, 19

childhood signs of, 230–31

intellectual growth vs., 203

as obstacle of self-fulfillment, 374, 378

sexual origin of, 114, 126, 129, 380

Newsweek,
12–13

New Women, 29–33, 65, 76

New Yorker,
499

New York State Assembly, 100, 540
n

New York Times,
13

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 534
n

Nineteenth Amendment, 11, 105

Nixon, Richard, 44–45, 473

noncommitment, 348, 349, 361, 365, 418–19

normality, 373–74

norms, exceptions to, 197–98

NOW (National Organization for Women), 463, 466, 467–69, 470–71, 472, 478–79, 492

nuclear weapons, 45, 169, 212–13, 340, 453

Oberlin College, 92

obesity, 299

occupational therapy, 403

Oedipus complex, 115, 117, 220

Olympic sports, 487, 508

open-plan home design, 292–93

oral development stage, 115, 116, 139–40

organization man, 447

other-directed personality, 339

Owen, Robert Dale, 88, 98

pacifism, 104

Paine, Thomas, 87

parental leave, 497, 498

Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), 292, 528
n

Parker, Theodore, 88

Parkhurst, Harriet Vance, 504

Parkinson, C. Northcote, 285

Parkinson's Law, 285, 417, 528
n

Parsons, Talcott, 145–47

Paschall, Eliza, 467–68

passivity:

of American children, 337–44, 353–54, 359, 481

in feminine stereotype, 36, 54, 61–62, 81, 131, 132–33, 156, 241, 335, 343, 365, 366, 387, 391, 393–94, 399–400

in men, 22, 326, 329, 343

of prisoners, 341–42, 531
n
–32
n

pastoral counseling, 219

Paul, Saint, 89

Pembroke College, 199

penis envy, 112–13, 115, 124–27, 128, 129, 130–35, 534
n

personality, other-directed, 339

personality absorption, 237, 238, 344–45

Peter, Saint, 89

Peyton Place
(Metalious), 314

physicians, female, 53, 102, 454, 523
n,
539
n

pioneer life, 64, 403–4, 536
n

Planned Parenthood, 3

Playboy Clubs, 499

Polish immigrants, authoritarian parental style of, 234–35

political concerns:

domestic responsibilities vs., 56–57, 452–53

feminist activism on, 471–73, 488

gender gap on, 499–500, 501–2

indifference to, 220

of nuclear disarmament, 45, 169, 453

volunteer work on, 422, 433, 540
n

in women's magazines, 44–46

popularity, 72, 350

population increase, 21–22, 188, 214, 525
n
–26
n

postgraduate studies, 435, 522
n,
523
n,
539
n

“Postparental Phase in the Life Cycle of Fifty College-Educated Women” (Davidoff and Markewich), 537
n
–39
n

powerlessness, 369

pregnancy:

miscarriages and, 540
n

negative reactions to, 320, 350, 351, 529
n
–30
n

symbiotic relationship during, 345

of teenagers, 187, 330, 341

premarital intercourse, 197–98

pre-school programs, 497

President's Commission on the Status of Women, 452, 460–61

prisoners:

in Korean war, 341–42, 531
n
–32
n

in Nazi concentration camps, 367–69, 370–71

privacy:

family togetherness vs., 267, 293

prisoners' loss of, 368

privatism, 218–20, 388

progress, 183, 302

property rights, women's, 90, 99, 100, 519
n

prostitution, 346

“Psychiatric Implications of the Kinsey Report” (Kubie), 536
n

psychiatric treatment, 14, 22

of career women, 51, 54

cultural adjustment as goal of, 374

group therapy in, 196

of housewives, 6, 8, 279, 351, 361–62

occupational therapy in, 403

pastoral counseling vs., 219

self-fulfillment needs addressed in, 134–35

of suburban children, 354

psychoanalysis:

American adoption of, 136–37, 219

critical thinking suspended in, 199

feminine unfitness for, 127–28

penis envy as motive of, 126, 134–35

Psychoanalysis
(Thompson), 519
n

psychoanalysts, female, 182

Psychoanalytic Institute (Vienna), 134

psychology:

anthropological cross-fertilization with, 139–40

see also
Freudian theory; psychiatric treatment; psychoanalysis

Psychology of Woman, The
(Deutsch), 132–33

Psychology of Women, The
(Freud), 125–28

PTA (Parent-Teacher Association), 292, 528
n

Pulitzer Prize, 505

push-button appliances, 255

Quakers, 104

Quindlen, Anna, 477–82

Radcliffe College, 437, 517
n

Radcliffe Institute for Independent Study, 443, 539
n

Rank, Otto, 373

Raushenbush, Esther, 450

Redbook,
13, 48, 63

on chronic-fatigue problems, 297–98

on emotional reactions to pregnancy, 529
n

fictional heroines in, 30, 39–40, 59

fiction style in, 50

on housewives' dissatisfaction, 64

on husbands' frustrations, 323–24

political issues in, 45

science articles in, 53

relativity, cultural, 113–14, 519
n

religion:

postwar revival of, 219

sex-related value judgments of, 117, 155

working women discouraged by, 424–25

religious leaders, women as, 474, 479

reproductive rights, 465, 467, 473, 488, 493, 503

Republican party, 473, 488, 494, 501–2, 504, 540
n

Revolutionary War, 87

Riesman, David, 187, 199, 339, 373, 403, 528
n
–29
n

Riviere, Joan, 124

Rogers, Carl, 373

Roheim, Geza, 522
n

role crisis, 75, 352, 444, 454

role-playing, 196

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 26, 387, 452

Roosevelt, Franklin, 388

Rorschach test, 365

Rose, Ernestine L., 83, 88–89, 98

RU486, 502

same-sex marriage, 498

Samoan culture, 160–61

Sandburg, Carl, 46

Sands, Harley C., 298

“Sandwich Maker, The,” 37–39

Sanford, Nevitt, 209

Sanger, Margaret, 18, 46, 83

“Sarah and the Seaplane,” 32–33

Sarah Lawrence College, 172, 339–40, 446, 450

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 534
n

schizophrenics, 376–77

school desegregation, 27, 28, 209, 433

Schreiner, Olive, 404–5

Schweitzer, Albert, 387

science:

as modern authority, 138

new housekeeping products linked with, 254, 255

in physiological descriptions of psychological phenomena, 114–15

as unfeminine, 4, 141, 178, 184

Victorian deterministic approach to, 115

SDS (Students for a Democratic Society), 468

Second Sex, The
(Beauvoir), 6

Second Stage, The
(Friedan), 481

self, transcendence of, 392

self-actualization, 387–92, 393, 534
n

self-esteem, 379

as dominance feeling, 382

homosexuality vs., 331–32

pretense of, 534
n

sexual pleasure vs., 382–83, 386–87

self-realization, 373–406

defined, 373, 387

education as aid to, 432–35, 437, 445

as fundamental human need, 134–35, 378–81, 392–93, 533
n

future projection and, 376–77, 533
n
–34
n

love relationships and, 382, 383, 389–92

as Maslow's self-actualization, 387–92, 393, 534
n

maternal commitment vs., 354–56, 357, 358–61, 365–66

penis envy vs., 128–29, 135

as psychological health, 373–74, 382–93, 534
n

public examples of, 387–88

sexuality and, 382–83, 386–87, 389–91, 394, 396, 400–401

social commitment vs., 388

work as means of, 401–6, 427–30, 537
n

Senders, Virginia, 450
Seneca Falls, N.Y., Woman's Rights Convention in, 86, 87, 97

Seneca Falls Declaration (1848), 86, 88, 89