The Heir Apparent (110 page)

  
1
.  Nicolas Barker, private information, 9 September 2008. See Frederick Ponsonby to Lady Lytton, 22 January 1901, in Lutyens,
Lady Lytton’s Court Diary
, pp. 151–52.

  
2
.  
The Times
, 24 January 1901. Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 83.

  
3
.  
The Times
, 24 January 1901. RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 23 January. Roger Fulford, “The King,” in
Edwardian England
, ed. Simon Nowell-Smith (Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 4.

  
4
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 797.

  
5
.  RA VIC/EVII/W36/1, Text of Declaration, n.d. This document, which is on Privy Council paper and endorsed “Appd ER,” was written after the event with help from Rosebery. See Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, pp. 4–5; Sir Almeric Fitzroy,
Memoirs
(Hutchinson, n.d.), vol. 1, p. 42; Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 23 January 1901; Rennell,
Last Days
, pp. 176–77.

  
6
.  Reid,
Ask Sir James
, pp. 215–16 (25 January 1901).

  
7
.  Rennell,
Last Days
, pp. 185–88, 294–300.

  
8
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 85.

  
9
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 8.

 
10
.  Rennell,
Last Days
, pp. 241–42.

 
11
.  RA VIC/Add A4/199, B to Vicky [7 February 1901].

 
12
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, pp. 85–93. Kuhn,
Democratic Royalism
, pp. 124–25.

 
13
.  Henry James to O. Wendell Holmes, in Weintraub,
Edward VII
, p. 390. James to Ariana Curtis, 3 February 1901, in
Henry James Selected Letters
, ed. Leon Edel (Harvard University Press, 1987), p. 329.

 
14
.  
The Times
, 23 January 1901.

 
15
.  Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary, 23 January 1901.

 
16
.  Fulford,
Hanover to Windsor
, pp. 128–31. Fulford, “The King,” pp. 4–5. St. Aubyn,
Edward VII
, p. 382.

 
17
.  Balsan,
Glitter and Gold
, pp. 119–20.

 
18
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, pp. 364–65.

 
19
.  Hibbert,
Edward VII
, p. 195.

 
20
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 201. Private information, Hugo Vickers, April 2010.

 
21
.  RA GV/CC29/16, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Mary, Duchess of York, 13 June 1901.

 
22
.  Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, p. 17.

 
23
.  Fulford,
Hanover to Windsor
, p. 139.

 
24
.  See Fulford, “The King,” p. 16.

 
25
.  
Journals and Letters of Reginald Viscount Esher
, ed. Maurice Brett (Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934–38), vol. 1, p. 285 (17 February 1901).

 
26
.  Sir Lionel Cust,
King Edward VII and His Court
(John Murray, 1930), pp. 34–35. See RA VIC/Add A4/208, B to Vicky, 3 April 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/209, B to Vicky, 10 April 1900. RA VIC/Add A4/221, B to Vicky, 3 July 1901.

 
27
.  Alix to Vicky, 14 May 1901, in Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 290.

 
28
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, p. 279 (6 February 1901).

 
29
.  Longford,
Victoria RI
, p. 542. For the saga of the Munshi’s letters, see p. 586.

 
30
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 13 April.

 
31
.  RA VIC/Add C07/9, Lord Esher to Francis Knollys, 14 February 1901.

 
32
.  RA VIC/Add A4/201, B to Vicky, 17 February 1901.

 
33
.  Arnstein, “Queen Victoria Opens Parliament,”
Historical Research
, vol. 63 (1990), pp. 186–87.

 
34
.  Anna Keay,
The Crown Jewels
(Thames and Hudson, 2011), pp. 158–63.

 
35
.  Princess Mary to the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 16 February 1901; Alix to Queen Mary, 6 February 1911, in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, pp. 363, 437.

 
36
.  Alix to Queen Mary, 6 February 1911, in ibid., p. 437.

 
37
.  Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary, 28 March 1901.

 
38
.  
The Times
, 15 February 1901.

 
39
.  Cannadine, “The British Monarchy and the ‘Invention of Tradition,’ ” in
The Invention of Tradition
, ed. Hobsbawm and Ranger.

 
40
.  David M. Craig, “The Crowned Republic? Monarchy and Anti-monarchy in Britain, 1760–1901,”
Historical Journal
, vol. 46 (2003), p. 173. Homans,
Royal Representations
, pp. xvii–xxvii.

 
41
.  Fulford,
Hanover to Windsor
, pp. 141–42.

 
42
.  C. W. Stamper,
What I Know
(Mills and Boon, 1913), p. 243.

 
43
.  Winston Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 22 January 1901, in Randolph Churchill,
Churchill: Companion
, vol. 1, part 1, p. 545.

 
44
.  B to Emma Bourke, 23 January 1901, telegram (transcript), in Humphrey Whitbread Archive, W/H 75/75. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary (28 March 1901).

 
45
.  B to Emma Bourke, n.d. [October 1901], transcript, Humphrey Whitbread Archive, W/H 75/77. Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 416.

 
46
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary (21 February 1902).

 
47
.  Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary (12 July 1904).
The Times
, 23 May 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/216, B to Vicky, 29 May 1901.

 
48
.  Anand,
Daisy
, pp. 108–15.

 
49
.  Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, p. 276.

 
50
.  Ibid., pp. 275–76.

 
51
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, p. 279 (5 February 1901).

 
52
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 54.

 
53
.  RA GV/CC29/16, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Princess Mary, 18 June 1901.

 
54
.  Princess Mary to the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 27 January 1901, in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 363.

 
55
.  Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Princess Mary, 26 May 1901, Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 371.

 
56
.  Ibid.

 
57
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, p. 305 (14 October 1901).

 
58
.  Prochaska,
Royal Bounty
, p. 126.

 
59
.  Frank Prochaska, “Queen Mary,”
ODNB
.

 
60
.  
Louisa Lady in Waiting
, ed. Elizabeth Longford (Jonathan Cape, 1979), p. 87.

 
61
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, pp. 345–46 (28 July 1902).

 
62
.  Duchess of York to the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 17 June 1901, in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 361.

 
63
.  Countess of Airlie,
Thatched with Gold
(Hutchinson, 1962), p. 107.

 
64
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 105.

 
65
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, p. 290 (18 March 1901).

 
66
.  Alix to George, August 1901, in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 375.

 
67
.  Ibid., p. 423.

 
68
.  A. W. Purdue, “Alexandra,”
ODNB
. See Purdue, “Queen Adelaide: Malign Influence or Consort Maligned?,” in Clarissa Campbell Orr,
Queenship in Britain, 1660–1837
(Manchester University Press, 2002), pp. 267–87.

 
69
.  Longford,
Louisa
, p. 79. Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 225.

 
70
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, p. 318 (18 November 1901).

 
71
.  Ibid., vol. 1, p. 373 (9 February 1902).

 
72
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Sir Frederick Treves, “An Account of the Illness of King Edward VII in June 1902” (typescript), pp. 115–16.

 
73
.  A. C. Benson,
Edwardian Excursions
, ed. David Newsome (John Murray, 1981), p. 75.

 
74
.  RA VIC/Add A4/200, B to Vicky, 13 February 1901.

 
75
.  RA VIC/Add A4/201, B to Vicky, 17 February 1901.

 
76
.  RA VIC/Add A4/202, B to Vicky, 21 February 1901.

 
77
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 110.

 
78
.  Ibid., p. 112.

 
79
.  Rose,
George V
, p. 315.

 
80
.  Pakula,
Uncommon Woman
, p. 667. RA VIC/Add A4/216, B to Vicky, 29 May 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/217, B to Vicky, 5 June 1901.

 
81
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 31 July 1901.

 
82
.  RA VIC/MAIN/X19/1a, Princess Helena to B, 6 August 1901.

 
83
.  RA GV/AA23/5, B to George, 7 August 1901.

 
84
.  RA VIC/MAIN/X19/1b, Princess Helena to B, 10 August 1901.

 
85
.  RA GV/CC45/248, Duke of Connaught to the Duchess of York, 21 August 1901.

 
86
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 26.

 
87
.  
The Diary of Sir Edward Hamilton, 1885–1906
, ed. Dudley Bahlman (Hull University Press, 1993), pp. 398, 400 (10, 20 February 1901).

 
88
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist. c. 718, fols. 67–68, Francis Knollys to Lord Salisbury, 15 June 1901.

 
89
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 357. Allfrey,
Jewish Court
, pp. 191–95. Kuhn, “Queen Victoria’s Civil List,”
Historical Journal
, vol. 36 (1993), pp. 663–64.

 
90
.  
Hansard
, 9 May 1901, vol. 93, cols. 1199–1214.

 
91
.  RA GV/AA23/16, B to George, 9 December 1901.

 
92
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, pp. 289–90. Matthew Dennison,
The Last Princess
(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007), pp. 225–29.

 
93
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, pp. 151–52.

 
94
.  Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 220.

 
95
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 3, October 1911.

 
96
.  RA VIC/Add C13, Nurse Haines’s Diary, 9 September 1902.

 
97
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 411.

 
98
.  Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 201.

 
99
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, p. 300 (20 June 1901).

100
.  Hibbert,
Edward VII
, p. 223.

101
.  Sidney Holland, Viscount Knutsford,
In Black and White
(Edward Arnold, 1926), p. 181.

102
.  Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, p. 21.

103
.  Longford,
Louisa
, p. 87.

104
.  Cust,
Edward VII
, p. 28.

105
.  Information from Simon Houfe, June 2009.

106
.  Hibbert,
Edward VII
, pp. 197–98.

107
.  John Martin Robinson,
Buckingham Palace
(Royal Collection, 2000), p. 125.

108
.  Cust,
Edward VII
, p. 91. Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, pp. 306–7 (Lord Esher to Arthur Ellis, 20 February 1901).

109
.  Ellenberger, “Transformation of London ‘Society’ at the End of Victoria’s Reign: Evidence from the Court Presentation Records,”
Albion
, vol. 22 (1990), esp. pp. 638–53.

  
1
.  Lord Salisbury, quoted in Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 798.

  
2
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 51.

  
3
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 57–58. Hibbert,
Edward VII
, plates 45, 46.

  
4
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 8. Hibbert,
Edward VII
, p. 223.

  
5
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 5–6.

  
6
.  Cust,
Edward VII
, pp. 32–33.

  
7
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 10–11, 86.

  
8
.  Ibid., pp. 6–7.

  
9
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1902: 15 June.

 
10
.  
Lancet
, 25 June 1902.

 
11
.  Ibid., 5 July 1902.

 
12
.  
Lancet
, 25 June 1902.

 
13
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 47.

 
14
.  Hibbert,
Edward VII
, p. 282. According to one of the doctors present, the King ceased breathing twice. Stephen Trombley,
Sir Frederick Treves
(Routledge, 1989), p. 130.

 
15
.  
Lancet
, 25 June, 5 July 1902.

 
16
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 74, 79.

 
17
.  RA VIC/Add A5/472, B to Mrs. Keppel, “Wednesday 10 a.m.” [25 June 1902].

 
18
.  RA VIC/Add A5/473, B to Mrs. Keppel, “Thursday 9 a.m.” [26 June 1902].

 
19
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 60, 87, 89.

 
20
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 93.

 
21
.  Kenneth James,
Escoffier: The King of Chefs
(Hambledon, 2002), pp. 186–88.

 
22
.  Yvonne Ward, “ ‘Gosh! Man I’ve Got a Tune in my Head’: Edward Elgar, A. C. Benson and the Creation of ‘Land of Hope and Glory,’ ”
Court Historian
, vol. 7 (2002), pp. 17–39.

 
23
.  J. E. C. Bodley,
The Coronation of Edward the Seventh
(Methuen, 1903), p. 201.

 
24
.  Fitzroy,
Memoirs
, vol. 1, p. 96. Kuhn,
Democratic Royalism
, pp. 125–28.

 
25
.  Fitzroy,
Memoirs
, vol. 1, pp. 98–99. Kuhn,
Democratic Royalism
, p. 95. Holmes,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 513.

 
26
.  Balsan,
Glitter and Gold
, p. 132.

 
27
.  Holmes,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 513.

 
28
.  Keay,
Crown Jewels
, p. 164.

 
29
.  Holmes,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 516.

 
30
.  See Camp,
Royal Mistresses
, p. 376, for the controversy as to who exactly was sitting in the box.

 
31
.  Balsan,
Glitter and Gold
, p. 132. Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, pp. 249–50.

 
32
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 299.

 
33
.  Keay,
Crown Jewels
, p. 166. Alix’s crown had four intersecting arches in the manner of continental crowns, including those of Denmark, rather than the pair of crossing arches found on English crowns.

 
34
.  For Alix’s baldness, see Frank Harris, “Some New Stories of King Edward,”
Pearson’s Magazine
(1916), p. 317.

 
35
.  A. Escoffier,
A Guide to Modern Cookery
(William Heinemann, 1911), pp. 481–82, 667. James,
Escoffier
, pp. 92–93, 181, 189, 204–5.

 
36
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary (4 February 1901).

 
37
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 139.

 
38
.  Rose,
George V
, pp. 145–46.

 
39
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 140.

 
40
.  David Cannadine, “The Last Hanoverian Sovereign?: The Victorian Monarchy in Historical Perspective, 1688–1988,” in
The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone
, ed. A. L. Beier, David Cannadine, and James M. Rosenheim (Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 156–58.

 
41
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 1, p. 415 (29 June 1903).

 
42
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1, Thomas Sanderson to Francis Knollys, 27 October 1902. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Lord Lansdowne to Knollys, 28 October 1902.

 
43
.  RA VIC/X29/76c, Lady Gwendolen Cecil to Sidney Greville, 27 August 1903.

 
44
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, Lee’s Notes of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.

 
45
.  
The Crawford Papers
, ed. John Vincent (Manchester University Press, 1984), p. 39 (2 June 1897).

 
46
.  Lord Salisbury, quoted in Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 798.

 
47
.  B to Lord Salisbury, 17 February 1901, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 23.

 
48
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 798.

 
49
.  Schomberg McDonnell’s memo to Lord Salisbury, 13 February 1902, in Simon Heffer,
Power and Place: The Political Consequences of King Edward VII
(Phoenix, 1999), pp. 124–25.

 
50
.  Lord Salisbury’s note on McDonnell’s memo, 13 February 1902, in ibid., p. 125.

 
51
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 97.

 
52
.  RA VIC/W38/1, Lord Esher to Francis Knollys, 22 May 1900.

 
53
.  B to Lord Salisbury, 20 April 1902, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 98.

 
54
.  Heffer,
Power
, pp. 128–29. Stanley Martin,
The Order of Merit
(Tauris, 2007).

 
55
.  Longford,
Louisa
, p. 97.

 
56
.  RA VIC/W36/9, A. J. Balfour to Lord Knollys, 10 May 1902. Francis Knollys was created Viscount Knollys in the Coronation Honours of 1902.

 
57
.  The society doctor Sir Douglas Powell advised Lord Salisbury not to attend the Coronation on account of “irritability of the bladder and liability to over distension which would result in serious trouble. I am quite sure that if the King had any idea of this risk he would wish you to avoid it.” (RA VIC/W36/18, Lord Salisbury to B, 29 July 1902, enclosing Sir D. Powell to Salisbury, 28 July 1902.)

 
58
.  Arthur Balfour to Lady Elcho, 10 February 1901, in
The Letters of Arthur Balfour and Lady Elcho, 1885–1917
, ed. by Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (Hamish Hamilton, 1992), p. 177.

 
59
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, Lee’s Notes of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.

 
60
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist 718, fols. 19–21, Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 9 February 1901; fols. 26–28, Knollys to Balfour, 9 February 1901; fols. 19–21, Balfour to Knollys, 9 February 1901.

 
61
.  BL, Add MS 48371, Diary of Almeric Fitzroy (9, 11 February 1901).

 
62
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, Lee’s Notes of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.

 
63
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 718, fols. 116–17, Lord Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 18 July 1902.

 
64
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, pp. 146–47.

 
65
.  RA GV/GG9/218, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 15 January 1913.

 
66
.  Heffer,
Power
, p. 148.

 
67
.  Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 3 November 1902, in ibid., pp. 150–51.