The Heir Apparent (111 page)

  
1
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, pp. 154, 159.

  
2
.  Roderick R. McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy in Europe, 1890–1914
(Cambridge, 2001), pp. 143–44.

  
3
.  Ibid., p. 146.

  
4
.  Daisy, Princess of Pless,
From My Private Diary
(John Murray, 1931), pp. 91–92 (29 March 1901).

  
5
.  RA GV/AA23/38, B to George, 12 April 1903.

  
6
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 155.

  
7
.  RA VIC/W43/77, Frederick Ponsonby to Lord Knollys, 22 April 1903.

  
8
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 159.

  
9
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 134–38, Charles Hardinge to Sidney Lee, 14 November 1920.

 
10
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 161.

 
11
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 384.

 
12
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist c. 719, fols. 58–59, Lord Knollys
to Arthur Balfour, 16 March 1903; fols. 60–61, Knollys to Balfour, 19 March 1903; fols. 66–67, Knollys to Balfour, 23 March 1903; fols. 70–71, Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 26 March 1903.

 
13
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 719, fols. 77–78, Duke of Norfolk to Charles Hardinge, draft telegram [8 April 1903].

 
14
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, pp. 162–64. Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, pp. 230–33.

 
15
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng. Hist, c. 719, fols. 152–56, Charles Hardinge to Arthur Balfour, 29 April 1903.

 
16
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 237.

 
17
.  For B’s friendship with Jeanne Granier, see Frank Harris,
My Life and Loves
(privately printed, 1922–27), vol. 2, pp. 467–69. This book is still considered so obscene that readers at the London Library are required to sit at a special desk supervised by a librarian; it is disappointingly bland. Bertie stayed at Cannes 16 February–6 March 1889, and visited Monte Carlo, where he stayed for two nights: 21–22 February. (RA VIC/EDVIID/1889: 16 February–6 March.) Randolph Churchill, who was also in Monte Carlo, wrote to Jennie about Jeanne Granier. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/9/9, Randolph Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 19 February 1889.

 
18
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Lee, 22 November 1911.

 
19
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 171.

 
20
.  Shane Leslie,
Long Shadows
(John Murray, 1966), p. 97.

 
21
.  Pless,
Diary
, p. 95 (15 May 1903).

 
22
.  Jullian,
Edward and the Edwardians
, p. 248.

 
23
.  McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, p. 148.

 
24
.  Memorandum by Eyre Crowe, 1 January 1907, in
British Documents on the Origins of the War
, vol. 3,
The Testing of the Entente, 1904–6
, ed. G. P. Gooch and Harold Temperley (HMSO, 1928), p. 397.

 
25
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 7–9, Lee’s Note of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.

 
26
.  McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, pp. 141–42.

 
27
.  See ibid., p. 142, note 7, for a list of modern analyses of British foreign policy during the reign that virtually ignores King Edward VII.

 
28
.  H. C. G. Matthew, “Edward VII,”
ODNB
.

 
29
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Sidney Lee, 22 November 1911.

 
30
.  Christopher Andrew, “France and the Making of the Entente,”
Historical Journal
, vol. 10 (1967), esp. pp. 101, 103–4.

 
31
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 643.

 
32
.  W. C. Sellers and R. J. Yeatman,
1066 and All That: A Memorable History of England
(Methuen, 2005), pp. 164–65.

 
33
.  Fulford, “The King,” p. 33.

 
34
.  RA VIC/X/19/23e, Kaiser William to B, telegram, 1 April 1905.

 
35
.  Miranda Carter,
The Three Emperors
(Fig Tree, 2009), pp. 319–20.

 
36
.  B to Lord Lansdowne, 15 April 1905, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 340.

 
37
.  B to Louis Battenberg, 15 April 1905, in McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, p. 115.

 
38
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 211.

 
39
.  McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, p. 115.

 
40
.  
The Times
, 1 May 1905.

 
41
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Sidney Lee, 22 November 1911.

 
42
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, pp. 216–17.

 
43
.  Souhami,
Mrs. Keppel
, p. 72.

 
44
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 216.

 
45
.  McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, p. 118.

 
46
.  George Wyndham to Pamela Tennant, 26 July 1903, in J. W. Mackail and Guy Wyndham,
Life and Letters of George Wyndham
(Hutchinson, 1925), vol. 2, p. 462.

 
47
.  Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 10–1975, Diary, 7 May 1910, reporting conversation with Lady Elcho.

 
48
.  
The Times
, 22 July 1903.

 
49
.  Mary Kenny,
Crown and Shamrock
(New Island, 2009), pp. 83–89.

 
50
.  Mackail and Wyndham,
George Wyndham
, vol. 2, pp. 462–65.

 
51
.  Vincent,
Crawford Papers
, p. 67 (15 June 1902).

 
52
.  Sonia Keppel,
Edwardian Daughter
(Hamish Hamilton, 1958), p. 23.

 
53
.  Trefusis,
Don’t Look Round
, p. 33.

 
54
.  Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 7–1975, Diary, 12 July 1904.

 
55
.  Vita Sackville-West,
The Edwardians
(Hogarth Press, 1930), p. 147.

 
56
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 152.

 
57
.  Balsan,
Glitter and Gold
, p. 120.

 
58
.  Phillips,
Last Edwardians
, p. 21.

 
59
.  Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 7–1975, Diary, 12 July 1904.

 
60
.  Sackville-West,
Edwardians
, pp. 204–5.

 
61
.  McKinstry,
Rosebery
, p. 496.

 
62
.  Fitzroy,
Memoirs
, vol. 1, pp. 160–61.

 
63
.  Diane Urquhart,
The Ladies of Londonderry
(I. B. Tauris, 2007), pp. 82–84.

 
64
.  Fitzroy’s MSS diary, 18 October 1903, in Richard Davenport-Hines,
Ettie
(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008), p. 152.

 
65
.  See Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, pp. 46, 256.

 
66
.  
The Times
, 6 January 1904.

 
67
.  Pless,
Diary
, pp. 126–27 (10, 12 January 1904). Vane,
Affair of State
, p. 241.

 
68
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 2 February 1906.

 
69
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 316.

 
70
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 12 September 1903.

 
71
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 318.

 
72
.  Fitzroy,
Memoirs
, vol. 1, p. 146.

 
73
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 29 September 1903.

 
74
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, pp. 318–19.

 
75
.  Heffer,
Power
, p. 180.

 
76
.  RA VIC/Add C7/2/S, B to Lord Knollys, 28 August 1903.

 
77
.  David Gilmour,
Curzon
(John Murray, 1994), pp. 291–92.

 
78
.  Earl of Midleton,
Records and Reactions
(John Murray, 1939), pp. 159–62.

 
79
.  Lord Esher to Maurice Brett, 21 September 1903, in Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 2, p. 14.

 
80
.  Lord Esher to Arthur Balfour, 25 September 1903, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 19.

 
81
.  Lord Esher to Maurice Brett, 11 October 1903, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 27.

 
82
.  Lees-Milne,
Esher
, pp. 16, 136.

 
83
.  Lord Esher to Admiral John Fisher, 6 August 1904, in Arthur J. Marder, ed.,
Fear God and Dread Nought: The Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone
(Cape, 1952–59), vol. 1, p. 324.

 
84
.  Lord Esher to Arthur Balfour, 16 January 1904, in Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 2, p. 38.

 
85
.  W. S. Hamer,
The British Army: Civil-Military Relations, 1885–1905
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), pp. 13–14, 36–37.

 
86
.  Ibid., pp. 243–44.

 
87
.  Ibid., p. 225.

 
88
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist. c. 720, fols. 80–90, Lord Salisbury to Arthur Balfour, 21 April 1905.

 
89
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 11 December 1905.

 
90
.  Lord Esher to Maurice Brett, 5 March 1906, in Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 2, p. 149.

 
91
.  Lees-Milne,
Esher
, p. 161.

 
92
.  B to Lord Knollys, 16 April 1904, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 253.

 
93
.  Fulford, “The King,” pp. 26–27.

 
94
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 719, Lord Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 22 December 1903.

 
95
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 719, fols. 247–48, J. S. Sandars to Lord Knollys, 27 December 1903 (draft).

 
96
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 243.

 
97
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 37, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 16 February 1905.

 
98
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 109, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 25 July 1905.

 
99
.  Gilmour,
Curzon
, pp. 217, 236.

100
.  Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 1 September 1905 (telegram), in St. Aubyn,
Edward VII
, p. 391.

101
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 128b, Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 1 September 1905 (copy).

102
.  See Gilmour,
Curzon
, p. 348.

103
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fols. 129–30, Lord Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 2 September 1905.

104
.  RA VIC/Add C07//P, Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 6 September 1905.

  
1
.  Census Records, 1881, 1891, 1901.
The Times
, 22 April 1914.

  
2
.  Stamper,
What I Know
.

  
3
.  Rose,
George V
, p. 296.

  
4
.  Keppel,
Edwardian Daughter
, p. 20.

  
5
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 5 February 1905.

  
6
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 204.
The Times
, 6, 7, 9, 11 December 1905.

  
7
.  RA GV/AA24/29, B to George, 30 November–1 December 1905.

  
8
.  RA GV/AA24/30, B to George, 8 December 1905.

  
9
.  Asquith,
Autobiography
, vol. 2, p. 72.

 
10
.  Lord Knollys to B, 8 December 1905, in Heffer,
Power
, p. 208.

 
11
.  Fitzroy,
Memoirs
, vol. 1, p. 272.

 
12
.  RA VIC/Add A17/1033, B to Louise, 11 December 1905.

 
13
.  RA GV/AA24/31, B to George, 15 December 1905.

 
14
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 2, pp. 126–27.

 
15
.  Frank Hardie,
The Political Influence of the British Monarchy, 1868–1952
(Batsford, 1970), p. 83.

 
16
.  R. B. Haldane to Lord Knollys, 12 September 1905, and Knollys’s reply, in John Wilson,
CB: A Life of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
(Constable 1973), pp. 427–30.

 
17
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 234.

 
18
.  Wilson,
CB
, p. 426.

 
19
.  RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 27 August 1905. Wilson,
CB
, pp. 144–45, 427.

 
20
.  Heffer,
Power
, p. 208.

 
21
.  RA VIC/Add C07/9, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 10 October 1905.

 
22
.  RA GV/AA24/32, B to George, 22 December 1905.

 
23
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fols. 134–38, Charles Hardinge to Sidney Lee, 14 November 1920.

 
24
.  Carter,
Three Emperors
, pp. 306–8.

 
25
.  RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 27 September 1905.

 
26
.  RA GV/AA 23/27, B to George, 17 November 1905.

 
27
.  Quoted in Harold Nicolson,
Sir Arthur Nicolson, First Lord Carnock
(Constable, 1930), p. 214.

 
28
.  Ibid., pp. 171, 212.

 
29
.  Williams,
It Was Such Fun
, pp. 223–24.

 
30
.  Zara Steiner, “The Last Years of the Old Foreign Office, 1898–1905,”
Historical Journal
, vol. 6 (1963), p. 80.

 
31
.  Ibid., p. 82.

 
32
.  Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 25 May 1904, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 291.

 
33
.  RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 November 1905.

 
34
.  Steiner, “Last Years,” pp. 82–85.

 
35
.  Zara Steiner, “Grey, Hardinge and the Foreign Office, 1906–1910,”
Historical Journal
, vol. 10 (1967), pp. 415–17.

 
36
.  RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 21 June 1906.

 
37
.  RA GV/GG9/661, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 27 November 1914.

 
38
.  RA GV/CC24/43, Mary, Princess of Wales to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 22 February 1906.

 
39
.  RA VIC/R27/36, Note by B on CB’s letter of 9 March 1906.

 
40
.  Brett,
Journals and Letters
, vol. 2, p. 265 (1 December 1907).

 
41
.  RA VIC/R27/78, Memo by B, 18 July 1906.

 
42
.  RA VIC/R27/79, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman to Lord Knollys, 19 July 1906.

 
43
.  RA VIC/R27/80, Memo by B, 19 July 1906.

 
44
.  Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 109, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 25 July 1905.

 
45
.  RA VIC/X16/3, B to Winston Churchill, 20 August 1906. Randolph Churchill,
Winston S. Churchill
, vol. 2,
Young Statesman
(Heinemann, 1967), pp. 158–61.

 
46
.  Robert Benson to Robert Witt (secretary of the NACF), 19 January 1906, in Mary Yule, “The Acquisition of Velazquez’s Rokeby Venus” (typescript, 2007). See Edmund Gosse, letter to
The Times
, 15 March 1906.

 
47
.  Lady Colin Campbell in
The World
, 15 November 1905, in Yule, “Acquisition of Velazquez’s Rokeby Venus,” p. 9.

 
48
.  Ibid., p. 12.

 
49
.  RA VIC/R28/27, B to Lord Knollys, 12 March 1907.

 
50
.  B to Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, 29 March 1907, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 468.

 
51
.  Caroline Spurrier Papers, B to Daisy Warwick, n.d. [1899].

 
52
.  Stamper,
What I Know
, p. 157.

 
53
.  RA GV/AA24/37, B to George, 26 January 1906.

 
54
.  
Autobiography of Sir Felix Semon
, ed. Henry Semon and Thomas McIntyre (Jarrold, 1926), p. 280.

 
55
.  RA GV/AA24/43, B to George, 8 March 1906. B to Lady Londonderry, 26 March 1906, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, pp. 510–11.

 
56
.  Keppel,
Edwardian Daughter
, p. 44.

 
57
.  Vane,
Affair of State
, p. 187.

 
58
.  RA VIC/W64/87, Lord Loreburn to B, 27 February 1906.

 
59
.  Stamper,
What I Know
, pp. 42–44. Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, pp. 511–14.

 
60
.  B to Prince Charles of Denmark, 11 August 1905, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 321.

 
61
.  Carter,
Three Emperors
, p. 324.

 
62
.  Ibid., p. 325.

 
63
.  Lord Lansdowne to Frank Lascelles, 25 September 1905, in McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, p. 123.

 
64
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fols. 134–38, Charles Hardinge to Sidney Lee, 14 November 1920.

 
65
.  Thomas A. Kohut, “Kaiser Wilhelm and His Parents,” in
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, ed. John Rohl and Nicolaus Sombart (Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 84–88.

 
66
.  B to Kaiser William, 27 January 1906, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 525.

 
67
.  Kaiser William to B, 1 February 1906, in ibid., vol. 2, pp. 525–26.

 
68
.  RA VIC/Add C07/2/S, B to Lord Knollys, 19 March 1906.

 
69
.  McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, p. 126.

 
70
.  Carter,
Three Emperors
, p. 331.

 
71
.  John Phillips Archive, Transcript of Menu Hôtel du Palais Biarritz, in King’s handwriting, ER le 2 Avril 1906.

 
72
.  Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 400.

 
73
.  RA VIC/W50/33 Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 20 October 1906.

 
74
.  McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, p. 200.

 
75
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 122.

 
76
.  RA VIC/W49/75, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 16 July 1906.

 
77
.  RA VIC/W49/82, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 28 July 1906.

 
78
.  
The Times
, 16 August 1906.

 
79
.  RA VIC/W49/93, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 August 1906.

 
80
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 181.

 
81
.  Ibid., p. 182.

 
82
.  RA VIC/W49/93, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 August 1906.

 
83
.  RA VIC/W49/95, Charles Hardinge to Edward Grey, 16 August 1906.

 
84
.  Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 272.

 
85
.  Stamper,
What I Know
, pp. 73, 141.

 
86
.  RA VIC/X32/264, Stanley Clarke (equerry) to Lord Knollys, 24 September 1906. Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, pp. 235–36.

 
87
.  RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 13. The rodent ulcer had apparently been cured by X-ray before the Coronation, but “the malignant growth returned and by January 1906 had assumed serious proportions and had become adherent to the bone.”

 
88
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 404. Prochaska,
Royal Bounty
, pp. 152–53: Sir Ernest Cassel and Lord Iveagh founded a Radium Institute on Portland Place that opened in 1911.

 
89
.  
Crawford Papers
, p. 153 (8 May 1910).

 
90
.  Hibbert,
Edward VII
, pp. 229–30.
The Times
, 11, 12 July 1906.

 
91
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 10 July 1906.

 
92
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, February 1907.

 
93
.  Stamper,
What I Know
, p. 102. Ponsonby,
Three Reigns
, p. 225.

 
94
.  Stamper,
What I Know
, p. 102.

 
95
.  Semon and McIntyre,
Autobiography
, p. 283.

 
96
.  
The Times
, 8 March 1907.

 
97
.  RA VIC/X32/286, G. de Reuter to Arthur Davidson, 6 March 1908 [
sic—actually 1907
].

 
98
.  Winston Churchill to Lord Elgin, 27 March 1907, in Randolph Churchill,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion
, vol. 2 (Heinemann, 1969), part 1, p. 653.

 
99
.  Morgan,
Edwina Mountbatten
, p. 28.