Authors: Wendy Doniger
The Hindus (124 page)
CHAPTER 7. RENUNCIATION IN THE UPANISHADS
3
Ibid., 63.
Ibid., 63.
5
Ibid., 148.
Ibid., 148.
8
This page, and indeed much of my discussion of the history of India during this period, owes much to conversations with Laura Desmond.
This page, and indeed much of my discussion of the history of India during this period, owes much to conversations with Laura Desmond.
9
Gombrich, “Dating the Buddha.”
Gombrich, “Dating the Buddha.”
10
Joel Brereton and Patrick Olivelle have argued, fairly convincingly, that it should rather be translated, “And that’s how you are.” Olivelle,
Early Upanishads
.
Joel Brereton and Patrick Olivelle have argued, fairly convincingly, that it should rather be translated, “And that’s how you are.” Olivelle,
Early Upanishads
.
11
Manu
3.100; cf. 4.201: The same karmic transfers results from bathing in another man’s tank without his permission.
Manu
3.100; cf. 4.201: The same karmic transfers results from bathing in another man’s tank without his permission.
20
Ibid., 132.
Ibid., 132.
27
Ibid., 53.
Ibid., 53.
33
Garbe, “Lokayata.”
Garbe, “Lokayata.”
40
Insler, “The Shattered Head.”
Insler, “The Shattered Head.”
43
In the Pali canon, the story is preserved in
Anguttara Nikaya
8.51 and in the Cullavagga section of the
Vinaya
.
In the Pali canon, the story is preserved in
Anguttara Nikaya
8.51 and in the Cullavagga section of the
Vinaya
.
44
My insights into early sutras in general, and this paragraph in particular, come from Laura Desmond.
My insights into early sutras in general, and this paragraph in particular, come from Laura Desmond.
54
Ernst, “Situating Sufism and Yoga.”
Ernst, “Situating Sufism and Yoga.”
CHAPTER 8. THE THREE (OR IS IT FOUR?) AIMS OF LIFE IN THE HINDU IMAGINARY
7
Cf. religion as the model of and the model for, in Geertz, “Religion as a Cultural System.”
Cf. religion as the model of and the model for, in Geertz, “Religion as a Cultural System.”
9
Cf. M 8.52-57 and AS 3.1.19; M 7.102 and AS 1.4.5; M 7.105 and AS 1.15.60; M 9.280 and AS 4.11.7
Cf. M 8.52-57 and AS 3.1.19; M 7.102 and AS 1.4.5; M 7.105 and AS 1.15.60; M 9.280 and AS 4.11.7
12
Wilhelm, “The Concept of Dharma in Artha and Kama Literature.”
Wilhelm, “The Concept of Dharma in Artha and Kama Literature.”
16
Erdman, “The Empty Beat.”
Erdman, “The Empty Beat.”
17
Organ, “Three into Four.”
Organ, “Three into Four.”
19
Organ, “Three into Four.”
Organ, “Three into Four.”
21
Doniger, “Three (or More) Forms.”
Doniger, “Three (or More) Forms.”
26
Mahabharata
1.187 (three variants of this verse occur at 1.App. I.1.35-36, 1.App. I.5.18-19, and 18.App. I.3.31-32).
Mahabharata
1.187 (three variants of this verse occur at 1.App. I.1.35-36, 1.App. I.5.18-19, and 18.App. I.3.31-32).
CHAPTER 9. WOMEN AND OGRESSES IN THE RAMAYANA
2
Ibid., 68.
Ibid., 68.
8
Bosworth, “Calanus and the Brahman Opposition.”
Bosworth, “Calanus and the Brahman Opposition.”
11
Ibid., 70.
Ibid., 70.
13
Ibid., 200.
Ibid., 200.
27
Dalrymple, “Homer in India: Rajasthan’s Oral Epics,” 54.
Dalrymple, “Homer in India: Rajasthan’s Oral Epics,” 54.
30
Pollock “Atmanam Manusam Manye,” 234-35, citing Tryambaka.
Pollock “Atmanam Manusam Manye,” 234-35, citing Tryambaka.
31
Ibid., 242, citing Govindaraja.
Ibid., 242, citing Govindaraja.
35
Grottannelli, “The King’s Grace and the Helpless Woman.”
Grottannelli, “The King’s Grace and the Helpless Woman.”
36
Grottanelli, “Yoked Horses, Twins, and the Powerful Lady”; Cornelia Dimmitt, “Sita: Fertility Goddess and
Shakti
.”
Grottanelli, “Yoked Horses, Twins, and the Powerful Lady”; Cornelia Dimmitt, “Sita: Fertility Goddess and
Shakti
.”
37
R 1.65.11-14, using the alternative lines rejected by the critical edition, including five lines omitted after verse 13ab; Doniger O’Flaherty,
Textual Sources
, 58-59.
R 1.65.11-14, using the alternative lines rejected by the critical edition, including five lines omitted after verse 13ab; Doniger O’Flaherty,
Textual Sources
, 58-59.
38
R, between 6.9 and 6.10, appendix I, no. 3, verses 278-80.
R, between 6.9 and 6.10, appendix I, no. 3, verses 278-80.
40
Shulman. “Sita and Satakantharavana.”
Shulman. “Sita and Satakantharavana.”
41
Ibid.
Ibid.
42
Masson, “Fratricide and the Monkeys.”
Masson, “Fratricide and the Monkeys.”
47
Ramayana
passage rejected by critical edition at 2.32, appendix 1, 14, 36-54. Cf.
Jataka
#386 (the
Kharaputta Jataka
) about a cobra woman and talking animals.
Ramayana
passage rejected by critical edition at 2.32, appendix 1, 14, 36-54. Cf.
Jataka
#386 (the
Kharaputta Jataka
) about a cobra woman and talking animals.
48
Masson, “Who Killed Cock Kraunca?”
Masson, “Who Killed Cock Kraunca?”
51
Pollock,
Ramayana
, vol. 3, 69-70, citing Talboys-Wheeler,
The History of India from the Earliest Ages
(1869).
Pollock,
Ramayana
, vol. 3, 69-70, citing Talboys-Wheeler,
The History of India from the Earliest Ages
(1869).
CHAPTER 10. VIOLENCE IN THE MAHABHARATA
1
13th Major Rock Edict, trans, Thapar,
Ashoka,
255-56; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts,
27-29; Sircar,
Inscriptions of Asoka
, 50-52.
13th Major Rock Edict, trans, Thapar,
Ashoka,
255-56; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts,
27-29; Sircar,
Inscriptions of Asoka
, 50-52.
4
Irwin, “Ashokan Pillars.”
Irwin, “Ashokan Pillars.”
7
4th Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 251; Nikam McKeon,
Edicts,
31; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 42-43.
4th Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 251; Nikam McKeon,
Edicts,
31; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 42-43.
9
1st Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 250. Nikam and McKeon add “daily,” to the last line, 55; Sircar, 41, does not.
1st Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 250. Nikam and McKeon add “daily,” to the last line, 55; Sircar, 41, does not.
14
12th Major Rock Edict, Thapar,
Ashoka
, 255; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts
, 51-52; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 49.
12th Major Rock Edict, Thapar,
Ashoka
, 255; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts
, 51-52; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 49.
15
9th Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 254; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts
, 46; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 46-47.
9th Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 254; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts
, 46; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 46-47.
16
Fourth Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 251; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts
, 31; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 42-43.
Fourth Major Rock Edict, trans. Thapar,
Ashoka
, 251; Nikam and McKeon,
Edicts
, 31; Sircar,
Inscriptions
, 42-43.
19
Ibid., 91.
Ibid., 91.
40
Also
Mahabharata
1.56.34; cf. 18.5.38: “Whatever is here about dharma, profit, pleasure, and Release . . .”
Also
Mahabharata
1.56.34; cf. 18.5.38: “Whatever is here about dharma, profit, pleasure, and Release . . .”
41
Hermann Oldenberg, as quoted in Sukthankar,
On the Meaning of the Mahabharata
, 1; Hopkins,
Great Epic of India
, 58; John D. Smith, “Old Indian (The Two Sanskrit Epics),” 50.
Hermann Oldenberg, as quoted in Sukthankar,
On the Meaning of the Mahabharata
, 1; Hopkins,
Great Epic of India
, 58; John D. Smith, “Old Indian (The Two Sanskrit Epics),” 50.
43
Collins, “Violence, Power and Sacrifice in the Indian Context.”
Collins, “Violence, Power and Sacrifice in the Indian Context.”
45
Doniger O’Flaherty, “Horses and Snakes.”
Doniger O’Flaherty, “Horses and Snakes.”
48
Ibid., 200-02.
Ibid., 200-02.
49
I owe this realization to Lorraine Daston, Berlin, 2002.
I owe this realization to Lorraine Daston, Berlin, 2002.
50
Houben et al. and Tull, “The Killing That Is Not Killing.”
Houben et al. and Tull, “The Killing That Is Not Killing.”
56
Selvanayagam, “Asoka and Arjuna.”
Selvanayagam, “Asoka and Arjuna.”
58
Also in passages rejected, and not even printed as appendices, in the critical edition. See Ulrich,
Divided Bodies
.
Also in passages rejected, and not even printed as appendices, in the critical edition. See Ulrich,
Divided Bodies
.
59
Jataka 499 and Jatakamala #2.
Jataka 499 and Jatakamala #2.
60
Collins, “Violence, Power and Sacrifice in the Indian Context.”
Collins, “Violence, Power and Sacrifice in the Indian Context.”
62
Allen, “Why Did Odysseus Become a Horse?,” 148.
Allen, “Why Did Odysseus Become a Horse?,” 148.
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