The History of the Renaissance World (111 page)

12. Gerd Tellenbach,
The Church in Western Europe from the Tenth to the Early Twelfth Century
(1993), p. 273.

13. Horst Fuhrmann,
Germany in the High Middle Ages, c. 1050–1200
, trans. Timothy Reuter (1986), p. 88.

14. Ibid., pp. 88–89; Karl F. Morrison, ed.,
The Investiture Controversy
(1971), pp. 69–70.

15. Morrison, pp. 69–70.

Chapter Two
The Crusader Enemy

1. Anna Comnena,
The Alexiad of Anna Comnena
, trans. E. R. A. Sewter (1969), X.9–10.

2. Ibid., X.11.

3. Ibid., XI.11–12.

4. The “Historia belli sacri (Tudebodus imitatus et continuatus),” cited by Aleksandr A. Vasiliev,
History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453
, 2nd ed., vol. 2 (1952), p. 410.

5. George A. C. Sandeman,
Metternich
(1911), p. 168.

6. Christopher Duggan,
A Concise History of Italy
(1994), p. 40

7. Thomas F. Madden,
Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice
(2003), p. 8.

8. Vasiliev, p. 413; Frederic Chapin Lane,
Venice, a Maritime Republic
(1973), pp. 33–34.

9. Donald M. Nicol,
Byzantium and Venice
(1988), p. 79.

10. Simon Payaslian,
The History of Armenia
(2007), p. 82.

11. In
Fontes rerum byzantinarum
, quoted by Vasiliev, p. 416.

Chapter Three
Anarchy

1. Henry of Huntingdon,
The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon
, trans. Thomas Forester (1853), p. 244; William of Malmesbury,
Gesta Regum Anglorum
, pp. 761–763.

2. William of Malmesbury,
Gesta Regum Anglorum
, p. 745; Judith A. Green,
The Government of England under Henry I
(1986), p. 5.

3. T. A. Archer and Charles Lethbridge Kingsford,
The Crusades
(1914), p. 15; John Richard Green,
A Short History of the English People
, rev. ed. (1894) p. 99.

4. William of Tyre,
A History of Deeds Done beyond the Sea
, trans. and ed. Emily Atwater Babcock and A. C. Krey, vol. 2 (1976), bk. 14.2, p. 51.

5. Simeon of Durham,
The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham
, trans. Joseph Stevenson (1855), p. 617.

6. Henry of Huntingdon,
The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon
, trans. and ed. Thomas Forester (1853), bk. 7, pp. 259–260.

7. Ibid., pp. 269–271.

8. M. J. Swanton, trans. and ed.,
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
(1998), pp. 264–265.

Chapter Four
The Lost Homeland

1.
Li Qingzhao ji jiazhu
, quoted in Simon Leys,
The Hall of Uselessness
(2011), pp. 255–256.

2. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, ed.,
Chinese Civilization
, 2nd ed. (1993), p. 169.

3. Ebrey, p. 171; Jacques Gernet,
A History of Chinese Civilization
, 2nd ed. (1996), p. 357.

4. Yuan-Kang Wang,
Harmony and War
(2001), p. 80.

5. Peter Allan Lorge,
War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795
(2005), p. 55.

6. Jung-Pang Lo, “The Emergence of China as a Sea Power during the Late Sung and Early Yuan Periods,”
Far Eastern Quarterly
14, no. 4 (1955): 502, 491.

7. Wang, p. 89.

8. Alexander Woodside,
Vietnam and the Chinese Model
(1971), pp. 7,299.

9. James Anderson,
The Rebel Den of Nùng Trí Cao
(2007), p. 143.

10. Michael E. Brown and Sumit Ganguly,
Fighting Words
(2003), p. 222; Nicholas Tarling, ed.,
The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia
, vol. 1 (1999), pp. 147–148.

11. George Coedès,
The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
, ed. Walter F. Vella, trans. Sue Brown Cowing (1968), pp. 99–100, 159.

12. Georges Maspero,
Royaume de Champa
, quoted in Coedès,
The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
, pp. 159–160.

13. Victor B. Lieberman,
Strange Parallels
, vol. 1 (2003), pp. 348–350.

14. Oscar Chapuis,
A History of Vietnam
(1995), p. 52.

15. John K. Whitmore,
Essays into Vietnamese Pasts
(1995), p. 65.

16. Chapuis, p. 42.

17. Milton Osborne,
The Mekong
(2000), p. 31.

18. Charles Higham,
The Civilization of Angkor
(2001), pp. 115–117.

19. Ian Shaw and Robert Jameson,
A Dictionary of Archaeology
(1999), p. 63.

Chapter Five
Crusade Resurrected

1. Carole Hillenbrand,
The Crusades
(2000), p. 113; William of Tyre, p. 105.

2. Martin Sicker,
The Islamic World in Decline
(2001), p. 72

3. Nicholas N. Ambraseys, “The 12th Century Seismic Paroxysm in the Middle East,”
Annals of Geophysics
47, nos. 2–3 (April–June 2004): 743–744; Ibn al-Athir,
The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period
, trans. D. S. Richards (2006), pt. 1, p. 351.

4. Josef W. Meri,
Medieval Islamic Civilization
(2006), vol. 1, p. 219;
The Qur’an
, trans. Thomas Clancy (2004), p. 299.

5. Ibn al-Athir, pt. 1, p. 283; Jonathan C. Phillips and Martin Hoch, eds.,
The Second Crusade
(2001), p. 126.

6. Christopher Tyerman,
God’s War
(2006), p. 188.

7. William of Tyre, p. 143.

8. Hillenbrand, p. 115.

9. Jacques P. Migne,
Patrologia Cursus Completus
(1855), cols. 1064–1066.

10. Thomas F. Madden,
The New Concise History of the Crusades
, updated ed. (2005), p. 50.

11. Otto of Freising,
The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa
, trans. Charles Christopher Mierow (2004), p. 70; Jonathan Phillips and Martin Hoch, eds.,
The Second Crusade
(2001), p. 3.

12. Thomas F. Tout,
The Empire and the Papacy, 918–1273
(1899), p. 284.

13. Madden,
The New Concise History
, p. 52; Ralph V. Turner,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
(2009),
pp. 66–67.

14. Michael Frassetto, ed.,
Medieval Purity and Piety
(1998), pp. 118–119; Ralph V. Turner,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
(2009), p. 47.

15. William of Tyre, pp. 171–172; Madden,
The New Concise History
, p. 58.

16. William of Tyre, pp. 176–177.

17. Ibid., p. 80.

18. Turner, p. 93.

19. Thomas S. Asbridge,
The Crusades
(2010), p. 242.

20. Bernard of Clairvaux,
Five Books on Consideration
, trans. John Douglas Anderson and Elizabeth T. Kennan (1976), p. 49; William of Tyre, p. 193.

Chapter Six
Reconquista and Rediscovery

1. Roger Le Tourneau,
The Almohad Movement in North Africa in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
(1969), p. 25; Olivia Remie Constable,
Medieval Iberia
(1997), p. 186.

2. Donald J. Kagay and L. J. Andrew Villalon, eds.,
The Circle of War in the Middle Ages
(1999, pp. 26–27;
Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris
, II.50, in
The World of El Cid
, trans. Simon Barton and Richard Fletcher (2000), p. 225.

3.
Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris
, II.58, in Barton and Fletcher, p. 228.

4. Ibid., II.92, in Barton and Fletcher, p. 241.

5. Keith J. Devlin,
The Man of Numbers
(2011), p. 21; Chris Lowney,
A Vanished World
(2005), p. 149.

6. Edward Grant,
A Source Book in Medieval Science
(1974), p. 35; B. F. Reilly,
The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain
(1992), pp. 127–128.

Chapter Seven
Questions of Authority

1. Peter Abelard,
Historia Calamitatum
, in
The Letters of Abelard and Heloise
, trans. Betty Radice (1974), p. 3.

2. Ibid., 11.

3. James Burge,
Heloise and Abelard
(2003), pp. 127–131; Abelard,
Historia Calamitatum
, p. 17.

4. Gillian Rosemary Evans, ed.,
The Medieval Theologians
(2001), pp. 109–110; Peter Godman,
The Silent Masters
(2000), pp. 67–68.

5. Abelard,
Historia Calamitatum
, 21.

6. Godman, 79–80.

7. Otto of Freising, p. 82.

8. Ibid., p. 84.

9. Heinrich Fichtenau,
Heretics and Scholars in the High Middle Ages, 1000–1200
, trans. Denise A. Kaiser (1998), pp. 297–298.

10. Radice, p. 228.

11. John of Salisbury,
The Metalogicon of John of Salisbury
, trans. Daniel D. McGarry (1955), pp. 68, 167.

12. R. N. Swanson,
The Twelfth-Century Renaissance
(1999), p. 74; Alan Charles Kors and Edward Peters,
Witchcraft in Europe, 400–1700
(2001), pp. 72–73.

13. Marcia L. Colish,
Peter Lombard
, vol. 1 (1994), pp. 16–17, 25,

14. Ibid., pp. 30–31, 77ff.; Evans, pp. 181–182.

Chapter Eight
The New Song

1. Frederick W. Mote,
Imperial China, 900–1800
(1999), p. 298.

2. Helaine Selin, ed.,
Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
(2008), p. 959; Chen Kelun,
Chinese Porcelain
(2004), p. 13; Wenhua Li,
Agro-ecological Farming Systems in China
(2001), pp. 28–29.

3. Alfreda Murck,
Poetry and Painting in Song China
(2000), p. 219.

4. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang, trans.,
Poetry and Prose of the Tang and Song
(1984), pp. 273–274.

5. Steven Warshaw,
China Emerges: A Concise History of China from Its Origins to the Present
(1987), p. 60; P. J. Ivanhoe,
Confucian Moral Self-Cultivation
(2000), pp. 47–49.

6. Ebrey, p. 173; Godman, p. 80.

7. Mote, pp. 232–233; Herbert Franke and Denis Twitchett, eds.,
The Cambridge History of China
, vol. 6 (2007), pp. 239–240.

8. Franke and Twitchett, pp. 240–241.

9. Harold Miles Tanner,
China
(2009), pp. 219–220.

10. Lorge, p. 63.

11. Yuan-Kang Wang,
Harmony and War
(2011), p. 92.

12. Lu Yu, “To Show to My Sons,” trans. Burton Watson, in
The Shorter Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature
, ed. Victor H. Mair (2000), p. 124.

Chapter Nine
The Heiji Disturbance

1. George Sansom,
A History of Japan to 1334
(1958), p. 197; Delmer M. Brown and Ichirō Ishida, trans. and eds.,
The Future and the Past
(1979), p. 72.

2. Reinhard Bendix,
Kings or People
(1978), pp. 76–77; Stephen R. Turnbull,
The Samurai
(1977), pp. 25–27.

3. Brown and Ishida, p. 78; John W. Hall, Jeffrey P. Mass, and David L. Davis,
Medieval Japan
(1974), pp. 69–70.

4. William Wayne Farris,
Japan to 1600
(2009), p. 86.

5. Brown and Ishida, p. 317.

6. Donald H. Shively and William H. McCullough, eds.,
The Cambridge History of Japan
, vol. 2 (1999), p. 609.

7. Brown and Ishida, p. 99.

8. Wm. Theodore de Bary et al., eds.,
Sources of Japanese Tradition
, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (2001), p. 269; Turnbull,
The Samurai
, pp. 34–35

9. De Bary, p. 275; Brown and Ishida, p. 104; Turnbull,
The Samurai
, p. 37.

10. Brown and Ishida, p. 107.

11. Ibid., pp. 115–116.

Chapter Ten
Death of an Army

1. Ki-baik Lee,
A New History of Korea
, trans. Edward W. Wagner with Edward J. Shultz (1984), p. 138

2. Martina Deuchler,
The Confucian Transformation of Korea
(1992), p. 32.

3. Edward J. Shultz,
Generals and Scholars
(2000), pp. 11–12.

4. Ki-baik Lee, p. 136.

5. Peter H. Lee, ed.,
Sourcebook of Korean Civilization
, vol. 1 (1993), p. 332; Shultz, p. 16.

6. Shultz, pp. 13–14.

7. Ki-baik Lee, p. 139; Shultz, pp. 15, 17.

8. Michael J. Seth,
A History of Korea
(2011), p. 104.

9. Peter H. Lee, p. 332.

10. Ki-Baik Lee, p. 140.

11. Peter H. Lee, p. 334.

12. Shultz, pp. 20–21, 28–29.

13. Ki-baik Lee, p. 140; Shultz, p. 34.

14. Ki-baik Lee, p. 142.

15. Peter H. Lee, pp. 334–336.

16. Ki-baik Lee, p. 145; Peter H. Lee, p. 340.

17. Shultz, pp. 55–56; Seth, pp. 104–105.

Chapter Eleven
The First Plantagenet

1. Swanton, p. 264.

2. John D. Hosler,
Henry II
(2007), pp. 5–6; William of Newburgh,
Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I
, ed. Richard Howlett, vol. 3 (1886), p. xvii.

3. Malcolm Barber,
The Two Cities
(1992), p. 267.

4. Quoted in Turner, p. 109.

5. Hosler, pp. 44–45.

6. William of Newburgh,
The History of English Affairs, Book I
, ed. P. G. Walsh and M. J. Kennedy (1988), p. 127

7. Ibid., p. 15.

8. Peter of Blois,
Epistolae
, ed. J. A. Giles (1847), pp. 50, 193–194.

9. Christopher Harper-Bill and Nicholas Vincent, eds.,
Henry II
(2007), pp. 311–312; Rebecca Fraser,
The Story of Britain
(2006), pp. 128–129.

10. Hosler, p. 49.

Chapter Twelve
Frederick Barbarossa

1. Eric Christiansen,
The Northern Crusades
, rev. ed. (1997), p. 53; Madden,
The New Concise History
, pp. 55–56.

2. France, pp. 132–133.

3. Otto of Freising, pp. 332–333.

4. Quoted in Colin Morris,
The Papal Monarchy
(1989), pp. 188–189.

5. Ibid., p. 190.

6. Otto of Freising, pp. 150–152.

7. Ibid., p. 127.

8. Morris, p. 267.

9. Patrick J. Geary,
Living with the Dead in the Middle Ages
(1994), pp. 244–245.

10. Quoted in Robert Sallares,
Malaria and Rome
(2002), p. 225.