The History of the Renaissance World (114 page)

3. Roger of Wendover, pp. 344–345; William of Tudela, pp. 83–85.

4. Pierre des Vaux de Cernay, pp. 259, 270–271.

5. Jacques de Vitry,
The Exempla
(1890), p. xxviii.

6. William of Tudela, pp. 167, 172.

7. Jervis, p. 157.

8. Joseph R. Strayer,
The Albigensian Crusades
(1992), p. 118.

9. Puylaurens, p. 65; Strayer, p. 119.

10. Peters, p. 194.

Chapter Thirty-Seven
Moving Westward

1. Soucek, p. 100.

2. Scott C. Levi and Ron Sela, eds.,
Islamic Central Asia
(2010), pp. 125–126.

3. Ibid., p. 126.

4. Ibid., p. 127.

5. Saunders, pp. 56–57.

6. Ibid., p. 57; ‘Alā’-ad-Dīn Guwainī, John A. Boyle, and Muhammad Qazwīnī,
Genghis Khan
(1997), pp. 92–93; Boyle, pp. 307–308.

7. Ronald Grigor Suny,
The Making of the Georgian Nation
(1994), pp. 35–37;

8. René Grousset,
The Empire of the Steppes
(1970), pp. 245–246.

9. Boyle, pp. 313–315; Guwainī, Boyle, and Qazwīnī, pp. 96ff., 131.

10. Boyle, p. 320; Guwainī, Boyle, and Qazwīnī, pp. 131–135.

11. Peter Jackson,
The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410
(2005), p. 39.

12. Grousset, p. 246;
The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471
, trans. Robert Michell and Nevill Forbes (1914), p. 66.

13. George Vernadsky,
Kievan Russia
(1948), pp. 236–238; Franke and Twitchett, p. 365.

14. Levi and Sela, p. 136.

Chapter Thirty-Eight
South of India

1. Chelvadurai Manogaran,
Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka
(1987), p. 25; John Clifford Holt,
Buddha in the Crown
(1991), p. 96;
Culavamsa
, trans. Wilhelm Geiger (1929),
p. 132.

2.
Culavamsa
, p. 135; John Clifford Holt, ed.,
The Sri Lanka Reader
(2011), pp. 42–43.

3.
Culavamsa
, pp. 138–139, 154.

4. Richard Gombrich and Gananath Obeyesekere,
Buddhism Transformed
(1988), pp. 137–138.

5. John Clifford Holt,
Buddha in the Crown
, p. 96.

6.
Culavamsa
, p. 151.

7. Hultzsch, p. 307.

8. C. Rasanayagam,
Ancient Jaffna
(1984), pp. 352–353.

Chapter Thirty-Nine
The Fifth Crusade

1. Roger of Wendover, p. 383; Madden,
The New Concise History
, p. 145.

2. Francesco Gabrieli, ed. and trans.,
Arab Historians of the Crusades
(1969), p. 256.

3. Ibid., p. 257.

4. Bonaventure, pp. 98–101; Regis J. Armstrong, ed.,
Francis of Assisi
, vol. 1 (1999), pp. 580, 584.

5. Gabrieli, pp. 258–259; Madden,
The New Concise History
, p. 151.

6. Bonaventure, p. 102; Armstrong, p. 581.

7. Jonathan P. Phillips,
Holy Warriors
(2010), p. 226.

8. Ibid., p. 227.

9. L. N. Gumilev,
Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom
, trans. R. E. F. Smith (1967), p. 167.

Chapter Forty
From the Golden Bull to the Baltic Crusade

1. Engel, pp. 91–92; Miklós Molnár,
A Concise History of Hungary
(1991), p. 33.

2. Charles W. Ingrao and Franz A. J. Szabo, eds.,
The Germans and the East
(2008), p. 37; Vásáry,
p. 28; Nicolaus von Jeroschin,
Chronicle of Prussia
, trans. Mary Fischer (2010), p. 29.

3. Quoted in Rossiter Johnson, Charles Horne, and John Rudd, eds.,
The Great Events by Famous Historians
, vol. 6 (1905), p. 194.

4. Engel, pp. 94–95; Johnson, Horne, and Rudd, p. 194.

5. David Abulafia, ed.,
The New Cambridge Medieval History
, vol. 5 (2008), p. 744; Engel, p. 90.

6. Malcolm Barber,
The Two Cities
, p. 341.

7. T. Norus and Jona Zilius,
Lithuania’s Case for Independence
(1918), p. 9.

8. Alan V. Murray, Anne Huijbers, and Elizabeth Wawrzyniak,
The Clash of Cultures on the Medieval Baltic Frontier
(2009), pp. 29, 31; Nicolaus von Jeroschin, pp. 44, 47.

9. Jean W. Sedlar,
East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500
(1994), p. 409.

10. Hazard, p. 570; Christiansen, pp. 102–103.

11. Nicolaus von Jeroschin, pp. 63, 76.

Chapter Forty-One
Lakeshores, Highlands, and Hilltops

1. Roland A. Oliver and Anthony Atmore,
Medieval Africa, 1250–1800
(2002), p. 116.

2. Richard Pankhurst,
The Ethiopians
(2001), pp. 45–46.

3. Verena Boll, ed.,
Studia Aethiopica
(2004), p. 179.

4. Stuart C. Munro-Hay,
Ethiopia
(2002), pp. 190–191.

5. Oliver and Atmore, p. 118.

6. Robert O. Collins and James McDonald Burns,
A History of Sub-Saharan Africa
(2007), p. 90.

7. Nehemiah Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels, eds.,
The History of Islam in Africa
(2000), p. 81.

8. Collins and Burns, p. 90; Levtzion and Hopkins, pp. 187–188.

9. Levtzion and Pouwels, p. 80; Levtzion and Hopkins, p. 188.

10. Levtzion and Pouwels, p. 5.

11. Niane and Ki-Zerbo, p. 101; Roland A. Oliver and Brian M. Fagan,
Africa in the Iron Age
(1975), p. 153.

12. Philip Harrison,
South Africa’s Top Science Sites
(2004), p. 56; David Fleminger,
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape
(2006), p. 24–25.

13. Fleminger, pp. 35–36.

14. Ibid., p. 40; Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Judith Okely, and Jonathan Webber, eds.,
Identity and Networks
(2007), p. 165; Martin Hall,
Farmers, Kings, and Traders
(1990), p. 84.

15. Fleminger, p. 41.

Chapter Forty-Two
The Sixth Crusade

1. Rebecca Rist,
The Papacy and Crusading in Europe, 1198–1245
(2009), p. 98; David Abulafia,
Frederick II
(1992), p. 151.

2. Roger of Wendover, pp. 492–493.

3. Ibid., p. 499.

4. G. G. Coulton,
From St. Francis to Dante
, 2nd ed. (1907), p. 79.

5. Giovanni Villani,
Villani’s Chronicle
, trans. Rose E. Selfe (1907), p. 130; Roger of Wendover, p. 505.

6. Abulafia,
Frederick II
, p. 172.

7. Archer and Kingsford, p. 381.

8. Gabrieli, pp. 268–269.

9. Ibn al-Athir, pt. 3, pp. 293–294; Karen Armstrong,
Jerusalem
(1996), p. 302; Gabrieli,
pp. 269–270.

10. Ibn al-Athir, pt. 3, p. 293; Gabrieli, pp. 270–271; Abulafia,
Frederick II
, pp. 182–184; T. K. Kington-Oliphant,
History of Frederick the Second
, vol.1 (1862), p. 330.

11. Kington-Oliphant, p. 330.

Chapter Forty-Three
The Tran Dynasty

1. Keat Gin Ooi, ed.,
Southeast Asia
(2004), p. 801, condensed from Clotilde Chivas-Baron,
Stories and Legends of Annam
, trans. E. M. Smith-Dampier (1920), pp. 175–176.

2. George Coedès,
The Making of South East Asia
, trans. H. M. Wright (1966), p. 86.

3. Chivas-Baron, p. 179.

4. Oscar Chapuis,
A History of Vietnam
(2000), p. 80; Walter H. Slote and George A. De Vos, eds.,
Confucianism and the Family
(1998), pp. 151–152.

5. Chapuis, p. 80; Coedès,
The Making of South East Asia
, pp. 123–124; David C. Kang,
East Asia before the West
(2010), p. 39; Slote and De Vos, p. 95.

6. Tài T. Nguy
n and Chi Minh,
History of Buddhism in Vietnam
(1992), pp. 132–134.

7. Coedès,
The Making of South East Asia
, p. 101.

8. Ibid., p. 125.

9. Kenneth R. Hall,
A History of Early Southeast Asia
(2011), p. 240.

10. Ibid., p. 241.

Chapter Forty-Four
Young Kings

1. Jean Sire de Joinville,
The History of St. Louis
, ed. Natalis de Wailly and trans. Joan Evans (1938), p. 22.

2. M. Guizot and Madame Guizot de Witt,
The History of France
, trans. Robert Black, vol. 1 (1884), pp. 426–427; Fawtier, p. 28.

3. Wilfred Lewis Warren,
The Governance of Norman and Angevin England, 1086–1272
(1987),
pp. 174–176; Roger of Wendover, pp. 483–484, 487.

4. Michael Prestwich,
Plantagenet England, 1225–1360
(2005), pp. 294–295.

5. Roger of Wendover, p. 538.

6. Damian J. Smith, pp. 27, 33.

7. Ibid., p. 34; Francis Darwin Swift,
The Life and Times of James the First
(1894), p. 33.

8. Ahmad Ibn-Muhammad al-Maqqari,
The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain
, trans. Pascual de Gayangos, vol. 2 (1843), pp. 327–328.

9. O’Callaghan, p. 343.

10. Ibid.; al-Maqqari, p. 328.

11. O’Callaghan, p. 345; al-Maqqari, p. 337.

12. Hazard, pp. 428–430; Damian J. Smith, p. 137.

13. Prestwich,
Plantagenet England
, p. 295.

14. Joinville, pp. 31–32; Jervis, p. 166.

15. J. R. Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
(1994), p. 32.

Chapter Forty-Five
The Mongol Horde

1. William E. Henthorn,
Korea
(1963), p. 14.

2. Ibid., p. 22.

3. Ibid., pp. 62–63; Peter H. Lee, and Wm. Theodore de Bary, eds.,
Sources of Korean Tradition
(1997), pp. 202–203.

4. Carter J. Eckert and Ki-baek Yi,
Korea, Old and New
(1990), p. 91; Andrew C. Nahm,
Korea
(1988), pp. 90–91.

5. Henry H. Howorth,
History of the Mongols
(1876), p. 124.

6. Richard A. Gabriel,
Subotai the Valiant
(2004), pp. 61–62. 65.

7. Ibid., p. 66; Howorth, p. 124.

8. Janet Martin,
Medieval Russia, 980–1584
(1995), p. 135.

9. Grousset, p. 263; David Christian,
A History of Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia
(1998), p. 408.

10. Christian, p. 410; Janet Martin, pp. 138–139.

11. Man, p. 270.

12. Ibid., pp. 271–272.

13. Peter F. Sugar, ed.,
A History of Hungary
(1994), p. 26.

14. Armin Vambery and Louis Heilprin,
The Story of Hungary
(1886), p. 142.

15. Matthew Paris,
Matthew Paris’s English History
, trans. J. A. Giles, vol. 3 (1854), p. 450

16. Janet Martin, p. 140.

Chapter Forty-Six
The Debt of Hatred

1. Gabrieli, pp. 281–282.

2. David G. Einstein,
Emperor Frederick II
(1949), p. 278; Abulafia,
Frederick II
, pp. 199–200; Hazard, p. 365.

3. Einstein, p. 279.

4. Ibid., pp. 280–281.

5. Elphège Vacandard,
The Inquisition
, trans. Bertrand L. Conway (1908), pp. 76–78.

6. Einstein, p. 284; Peters, pp. 178–179.

7. Vacandard, p. 80.

8. Alan Charles Kors and Edward Peters, eds.,
Witchcraft in Europe, 400–1700
, 2nd ed. (2001),
p. 116; Donald W. Engles,
Classical Cats
(1999), p. 186.

9. Scott L. Waugh and Peter Diehl, eds.,
Christendom and Its Discontents
(1996), p. 47; Wakefield and Evans, p. 267.

10. Einstein, pp. 301–303; Villani, p. 133; Abulafia,
Frederick II
, p. 241.

11. Skinner,
The Renaissance
(1978), p. 5; Villani, p. 133.

12. Kington-Oliphant, pp. 55, 68; Einstein, p. 336.

13. Paris, vol. 3, p. 163.

14. Einstein, p. 365; Paris, vol. 3, p. 191.

15. Henry Hart Milman,
History of Latin Christianity
, vol. 6 (1883), p. 460.

16. Klaus Schatz,
Papal Primacy
(1996), pp. 93–94.

17. Einstein, pp. 377–378, 381–382.

18. Milman, vol. 6, p. 480; Brian Tierney,
The Crisis of Church & State, 1050–1300
(1964), p. 147.

19. Einstein, pp. 409–410; Skinner, p. 5; Kington-Oliphant, p. 461; Villani, p. 147.

20. James Bruce Ross and Mary Martin McLaughlin, eds.,
The Portable Medieval Reader
(1977),
p. 365; Villani, p. 152.

Chapter Forty-Seven
The Shadow of God

1.
Tabakat-i-Nasiri
, pp. 637–638.

2. Ibid., pp. 642–643; Satish Chandra,
Medieval India
(1997), p. 49.

3. Chandra, p. 50;
Tabakat-i-Nasiri
, pp. 647–648; Mehta, p. 105. Mehta points out that Nasiruddin may have actually been the posthumous child of Il-tumish’s oldest son (who died in 1229), adopted by Il-tumish in order to place him in the direct line of succession.

4. Wolpert, p. 110

5.
Tabakat-i-Nasiri
, p. 674; Mehta, p. 107.

6. Radhey Shyman Chaurasia,
History of Medieval India
(2002), p. 15; Mehta, p. 107.

7. Slightly paraphrased from the translation in Kulke and Rothermund, p. 173.

8. Quoted in Agha Hussain Hamadani,
The Frontier Policy of the Delhi Sultans
(1986), p. 87;
Tabakat-i-Nasiri
, p. 679.