The Idea of Israel (49 page)

28
The director was Gil Sadan in 1988.

29
The director of that sequence was Nissim Dayan in 1989.

4 The Trailblazers

1
Daniel Florentine,
Conversations with Maxim Ghilan
, Tel Aviv: Yaron Golan Publication, 1998 (Hebrew).

2
Ibid.

3
I have gathered his biographical details from, among other sources, an excellent article by Eli Aminov, ‘Judaism, Zionism and Israel Shahak’, in
Haoketz
(
Haoketz.org
), (1 December 2011). See also, ‘The Life of Death: An Exchange’, by Israel Shahak with a reply by Timothy Garton Ash,
New York Review of Books
, 34:1, (29 January 1987), and Morton Nezvinsky, ‘In Memoriam: Israel Shahak’,
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
, (August/September 2001).

4
Israel Shahak,
Jewish History, Jewish Religion
, London: Pluto, 2010.

5
Ibid., pp. 79, 89.

6
Ibid., p. 125.

7
In 2010, Boaz Evron wrote a book on his life and writing titled
Athens and the Land of Oz
, published by Nahar Publications in Tel Aviv. On the Canaanite movement, see Yaacov Shavit,
The New Hebrew Nation
, London and New York: Routledge, 1987.

8
Boaz Evron, ‘How Can One Enjoy from All the Worlds (How Can One Have the Cake and Eat It)’,
Yedioth Ahronoth
, 8 December 1978, republished in his new book
Athens and the Land of Oz
.

9
Avraham Shapira,
Conversations Between Soldiers
, Tel Aviv: The Kibbutz Movement, 1967. See the analysis of this publication in Piterberg,
The Returns of Zionism
, pp. 232–333.

10
Boaz Evron,
A National Reckoning
, Tel Aviv: Devir Publications, 1988.

11
He said this on the Sixth Session in the Russian Social-Democratic Party’s Second Congress, 1903, published by Index Books, London, 1978.

12
Evron,
A National Reckoning
, pp. 328–32.

13
There are not many English sources on the life of this brilliant scholar. There is a good summary in Joel Greenberg, ‘Yeshayahu Leibowitz, 91, Iconoclastic Israeli Thinker’,
New York Times
, (19 August 1994). His most important book in English is
Judaism, Human Values and the Jewish State
, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995 (and a book on Maimonides that appeared a year later).

14
Yeshayahu Leibowitz, ‘After Qibiya’,
Beterm
, 1953/1954 (in Hebrew).

15
Ibid.

16
These views are reproduced in Dror Moreh’s film,
The Gatekeepers
(2012).

17
Yitzhak Laor, ‘Israel the Grandfather, and Also a Scientist and a Hero Who Abhorred Heroism’,
Haaretz
, (28 September 2012).

18
Yeshayahu Leibowitz,
Faith, History and Values
, Jerusalem: Magnes, 1982, p. 225 (Hebrew).

19
Ibid.

20
Uri Avnery,
In the Fields of the Philistines
, Tel Aviv: Zemora-Bitan, 1990 (Hebrew).

21
Uri Avnery,
The Other Side of the Coin
, Tel Aviv: Shimoni Publications, 1950 (Hebrew).

22
Nitza Erel,
Uri Avnery: Without Bias and Without Fear
, Jerusalem: Magnes Publications, 1990 (Hebrew).

23
Akiva Orr, ‘How Did I Arrive at Politics, the Communist Party and Matzpen’,
matzpen.org
, (1 September 2008) (Hebrew).

24
Avigail Abarbanel,
Beyond Tribal Loyalties: Personal Stories of Jewish Peace Activists
, Newcastle, UK: Cambridge and Scholars Publishing, 2012.

25
Akiva Orr with Moshe Machover,
Peace, Peace and No Peace
, Tel Aviv:
Matzpen, 1950. There is also a limited English edition, which can be accessed through Orr’s open-access books site
akivaorrbooks.org/hebrew
, with the title
The Un-Jewish State: The Politics of Israel
.

26
See Michael Warschawski,
On The Border
, Tel Aviv: Carmel, 1989 (Hebrew), which also came out in English, under the same title with South End Press in 2005.

27
Ilan Halevi wrote a semi-autobiographical novel,
Allers-retours
, Paris: Flammarion, 2005.

28
Uri Davis,
Crossing the Border: An Autobiography of an Anti-Zionist Palestinian Jew
, London: Books & Books Ltd, 1995.

29
Uri Davis,
Apartheid Israel: Possibilities for the Struggle Within
, London: Zed Books, 2004.

30
This has also happened to the anthropologist Samadar Lavie, who taught in several Israeli universities before being forced to leave.

31
Nitza Erel,
Matzpen: The Conscience and the Fantasy
, Tel Aviv: Resling, 2010 (Hebrew). The word
matzpen
(compass) and the word
matzpun
(conscience) have a similar etymology.

32
Ran Greenstein, ‘Class, Nation, and Political Organization: The Anti-Zionist Left in Israel/Palestine’,
International Labour and Working-Class History
, 75 (Spring 2009), pp. 85–108.

33
Yitzhak Rubin (director),
Udi Adiv, A Broken Israeli Myth
, 2010 (Teknews Media Ltd).

34
Uriel Tal, ‘Reciprocity Between General and Jewish History,
Yahdaut Zemanenu
3 (1986), pp. 3–12.

35
The most comprehensive analysis of the Black Panthers in Israel can be found in Sami Shalom Chetrit,
Intra-Jewish Conflict in Israel: White Jews, Black Jews
, London and New York: Routledge, 2009, pp. 81–140 (and his notes on Abargel on page 100–7).

36
See also Ilan Pappe,
A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples
, 2
^nd
edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 211–13.

37
Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt,
Introduction to the Social Structure of the Mizrachi Communities
, Jerusalem: The Szold Institute, 1948;
The Social Structure of Israel
, Beit Berl Publications, 1958;
The Israeli Society: Background, Development and Problems
, Jerusalem: Magnes, 1967; and
The Transformations in Israeli Society
, Jerusalem: Magnes, 1989. Although scores of his books on modernisation elsewhere in the world and on the theory of modernisation appeared in English, only the last book on Israel appeared in English.

38
Sholmo Svirsky, ‘Notes on the Historical Sociology of the
Yishuv
Period’, in Uri Ram, ed.,
Israeli Society: Critical Perspectives
, Tel Aviv: Breirot, 1993, p. 80 (published originally in the University of Haifa
Notes on Critique and Theory
) (Hebrew).

39
Ibid., and Sammy Smooha, ‘Class, Ethnic and National Cleavages and Democracy in Israel’, in Uri Ram,
Israeli Society
, pp. 172–202 (Hebrew).

40
Smooha, ‘Class, Ethnic and National Cleavages and Democracy in Israel’, p. 183.

41
Baruch Kimmerling,
Zionism and Territory: The Socio-Territorial Dimensions of Zionist Politics
, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1983; Yonathan Shapira’s most important book in this respect is
Elite Without Successors: Generations of Leaders in the Israeli Society
, Tel Aviv: Poalim, 1984.

42
Yonathan Shapira, ‘The Historical Origins of Israeli Democracy’, in Uri Ram,
Israeli Society
, p. 52 (Hebrew).

43
Baruch Kimmerling, ‘State-Society Relations in Israel’, in Uri Ram,
Israeli Society
, p. 336 (Hebrew).

44
Shapira,
Elite Without Successors
.

45
Baruch Kimmerling’s last book was
Politicide: The Real Legacy of Ariel Sharon
, London: Verso, 2006.

46
Erel,
Matzpen
.

47
Maxime Rodinson,
Israel: A Colonial-Settler State?
, New York: Monad Press, 1973.

48
Anita Shapira,
Visions in Conflict
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1988 (Hebrew).

49
Ran Aaronson, ‘Settlement in Eretz Israel – A Colonialist Enterprise? “Critical” Scholarship and Historical Geography’,
Israel Studies
, 1:2 (Fall 1996), pp. 214–29.

50
Gershon Shafir,
Land, Labour, and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

51
Deborah S. Bernstein,
Constructing Boundaries: Jewish and Arab Workers in Mandatory Palestine
, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2004; David De Vries,
Diamonds and War: State, Capital and Labour in British-Ruled Palestine
, London: Berghahn Books, 2010.

5 Recognising the Palestinian Catastrophe: The 1948 War Revisited

1
The information about this episode is gathered from an article by Shay Hazkani, titled ‘The Research That Was Meant to Prove That the Arabs Had Fled in 1948’, published in
Haaretz
weekend supplement, (17 May 2013).

2
Ibid.

3
Ibid.

4
Ibid.

5
Rony Gabbay,
A Political Study of the Arab–Jewish Conflict: The Arab Refugee Problem
, Geneva: Librarie Droz, 1959.

6
Quoted in Hazkani, ‘The Research That Was Meant to Prove That the Arabs Had Fled in 1948’.

7
Quoted in ibid.

8
See Noam Chomsky and Ilan Pappe,
The War on Gaza
, Penguin: London, 2010, pp. 19–56.

9
Simha Flapan,
The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities
, New York: Pantheon Books, 1988, pp. 3–6.

10
Ibid.

11
Ibid.

12
Ibid.

13
Ibid., p. 33.

14
Ibid., pp. 55–81.

15
Ibid., pp. 82–118.

16
Israel Baer,
Israel’s Security: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
, Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1966 (Hebrew).

17
Flapan,
The Birth of Israel
, p. 19.

18
Ibid.

19
Ibid., pp. 119–52.

20
Ibid., pp. 152–87.

21
Ibid., pp. 187–212.

22
Benny Morris, ‘The New Historiography’,
Tikkun
, 3, (November/December 1989), pp. 19–35, reprinted in Benny Morris,
1948 and After
, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990, pp. 1–34.

23
The English version of Shabtai Teveth’s critique appeared in an article ‘Charging Israel with Original Sin’,
Commentary
, (September 1989). A good summary of that stage in the debate can be found in Avi Shlaim, ‘The Debate About 1948’ in Ilan Pappe, ed.,
The Israel/Palestine Question: A Reader
, London and New York: Routledge, 1999 (2006), pp. 287–304.

24
See the lecture by Aharon Shay and David Tal on the new history given in a Van-Leer Conference, ‘The New History in Israel’, March 1996.

25
Avi Shlaim,
Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine
, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988, pp. iii–vi.

26
Ibid.

27
Pappe,
Britain and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1948–51
.

28
Ibid.

29
Pappe,
Britain and the Arab–Israeli Conflict
, pp. 26–7.

30
Ilan Pappe,
The Making of the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951
, London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 1992.

31
Ibid.

32
Pappe,
The Making of the Arab–Israeli Conflict
, pp. 16–46.

33
And remade in 1988, see Walid Khalidi, ‘Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine’,
Journal of Palestine Studies
, 18:69 (Autumn 1988), pp. 4–20.

34
Ilan Pappe, ‘Were They Expelled?: The History, Historiography and Relevance of the Refugee Problem’, in Ghada Karmi and Eugene Cortan, ed.,
The Palestinian Exodus, 1948–1988
, London: Ithaca Press, 1999, pp. 37–62.