Read The Lessons of History Online
Authors: Will Durant
Danes,
30
Dante Alighieri (1265â1321),
26
Dardanelles,
52
Declaration of Independence,
19
Declaration of the Rights of Man,
19
deists, English,
47
Delian Confederacy,
52
democracy,
52
,
58
,
69
â81
passim;
in Athens,
26
,
73
â75
     and concentration of wealth,
55
,
70
     in America,
72
, 77â79
     and education,
79
Democritus (fl. 400
B.C.
),
93
Demosthenes (385?â322
B.C.
),
100
Denmark,
79
Descartes, René (1596â1650),
97
Desmoulins, Camille (1760â94),
28
Diderot, Denis (1713â84),
93
,
100
Diocletian, Emperor of Rome (r. 284â305),
60
â61
Diogenes (412?â323
B.C.
),
93
Domitian, Emperor of Rome (r. 81â96),
69
Donation of Constantine,
45
Donne, John (1573â1631),
46
Dravidic peoples,
28
â29
Durazzo, Greek colony at,
29
Dürer, Albrecht (1471â1528),
53
economic development,
20
,
58
,
63
,
71
,
77
     three stages in history of,
37
â39
economics and history of man,
52
â57
    Â
see also
C
APITALISM
     S
OCIALISM
Edictum de pretiis
(Diocletian),
60
Edison, Thomas Alva (1847â1931),
35
     and intelligence,
23
,
78
     and race hate,
31
     and religion,
39
,
48
,
49
,
92
     in
11
th-century China,
63
     government support of,
66
â67,
79
     and civilization,
94
, iqi
     geographical advantages,
15
,
25
,
90
     Roman conquest of,
52
,
60
     state-controlled economy of,
59
â60
Engels, Friedrich (1820â95),
65
     economic aspects,
16
,
20
,
22
,
72
,
98
     and Western civilization,
30
,
31
,
83
,
84
     morals and religion in,
40
,
42
,
47
,
50
     and Levellers' Utopian aims,
65
     democracy in,
79
,
84
,
99
Enlightenment, French,
24
,
47
,
101
Enlightenment, Greek,
49
Ephesus,
29
Epicurus (342?â270
B.C.
),
93
equality and freedom, opposites,
20
Erasmus, Desiderius (1466?â1536),
71
Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines
(Gobineau),
25
Essay on Population
(Malthus),
21
Etruria,
29
     racial
differences in,
27
â29
     morals and religion in,
29
,
39
,
40
,
93
    Â
see also
W
ESTERN
E
UROPE
Eyck, Hubert van (1366?â1426),
97
Eyck, Jan van (1370?â1440),
97
False Decretals,
45
Farinelli, Carlo Broschi (1705â82),
41
food supply and population,
21
â22
Ford, Henry (1863â1947),
35
Fox, Charles James (1749â1806),
71
,
100
France,
16
,
21
,
27
,
28
,
70
,
82
,
83
,
84
,
100
     population and food supply,
21
â22
     and the Church,
23
,
24
,
45
,
48
â51
     Religious Wars of,
45
,
82
Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia (r. 1740â86), 12,
82
,
100
freedom and equality, opposites,
20
French Revolution,
19
,
28
,
53
,
57
,
70
,
71
,
72
     religious issue in,
47
,
50
     and September Massacres,
53
,
72
     Wars of the,
82
French Revolution, The
(Taine),
72
*
Fugger family,
54
Gama, Vasco da (1469?â1524),
16
gambling,
40
Genghis Khan, Mongol ruler (r. 1206â1227),
46
,
83
Genoa,
16
geography and history,
15
â17,
29
,
30
geology and history,
14
     food supply and birth rate,
22
     racist theories,
26
â27
     the Church and Thirty Years' War,
45
     West Germany,
84
Gibbon, Edward (1737â94),
41
,
69
,
100
Gobineau, Comte Joseph-Arthur de 1816â82),
25
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749â1832),
90
Golden Rule,
84
Gordon riots (London, 1780),
53
Goths,
27
government and history,
68
â80
Gracchus, Caius Sempronius (153â121
B.C.
),
56
,
69
,
76
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius (162?â133
B.C.
),
56
,
69
Grant, Madison (1865â1937),
27
â28
Great Britain,
see
E
NGLAND
     conquest of,
23
,
27
,
76
     culture and civilization,
28
,
29
,
93
,
94
,
97
,
101
     morals and religion,
40
,
41
,
49
,
93
     political struggles in,
73
â75
    Â
see also
A
THENS
Gregory VII (Hildebrand), Pope (r. 1073â85),
45
growth and decay,
87
â94
Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts
(Chamberlain),
26
Hadrian, Emperor of Rome (r. 117â138),
69
Hammurabi, King of Babylonia (r. 1750?â?1708
B.C.
),
44
,
59
Haydn, Franz Joseph (1732â1809),
41
Hébert, Jacques René (1757â94),
49
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770â1831),
66
hell, disappearance of idea of,
47
â48
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1056â1106),
45
Heracleitus (6th-5th century
B.C.
),
29
,
81
Hermes, statue of,
97
Herodotus (5th century
B.C.
),
100
Hiroshima,
85
Hitler, Adolf (1889â1945),
27
,
53
,
83
Hobbes, Thomas (1588â1679),
93
Holbein, Hans, the Younger (1497?â1543),
97
Holy Alliance of 1815,
85
Homer (9th century
B.C.
),
93
homosexualism,
40
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus 65â8
B.C.
),
53
hunting, a stage in economic history,
37
â38
Hut, Hans (fl. 1530),
65
Ikhnaton (Amenhotep IV), King of Egypt (r. 1380?â1362
B.C.
),
49
Ilium,
52
Indians, South American,
64
    Â
see also
I
NCAS
Industrial Revolution,
39
,
48
,
52
,
65
,
66
,
industry, a stage in economic history,
37
â38,
39
,
47
,
88
Innocent III (Giovanni Lotario de' Conti), Pope (r. 1198â1216),
45
Inquisition,
45
Islam,
29
Isocrates (436â338
B.C.
),
75
,
100
Israel,
17
     morals and religion,
40
,
41
,
48
     Communist Party in,
84
Jackson, Andrew (1767â1845),
72
Jacqueries,
57
Jefferson, Thomas (1743â1826),
77
Jesus Christ,
12
,
15
,
26
,
28
,
46
,
48
John of Leiden (1509â36),
65
Jutes,
30
Kant, Immanuel (1724â1804),
93
Kapital, Das
(Marx),
65
Keats, John (1795â1821),
53
labor and unemployment,
60
,
62
,
63
Lane, Edward (1801â76),
97
    Â
see also
S
OUTH
A
MERICA
law,
19
,
35
,
37
,
44
,
48
,
50
,
76
,
81
,
87
    Â
see also
I
NTERNATIONAL
L
AW
Lenin, Nikolai (1870â1924),
35
,
66
Leonardo da Vinci (1452â1519),
101
Lesbos,
29
Levellers,
65
liberum veto,
68
Lincoln, Abraham (1809â65),
78
     and the Church,
49
     and the aristocracy,
52
,
71
Litta, Conte Cavaliere Agostino (fl. 1755),
41