The Life and Times of Richard III (18 page)

Thomas More,
The History of King Richard III,
ed. R. S. Sylvester (the Yale edition of the Complete Works of St Thomas More, vol. 2, 1963)

Richard Marius,
Thomas More
(1984)

Alec R. Myers,
England in the Late Middle Ages
(1952)

‘The Character of Richard III’ in
History Today,
vol. 4 (1954)

Alec R. Myers,
The Household of Edward IV
(1959)

A. J. Pollard,
The Wars of the Roses
(1988)

Jeremy Potter,
Good King Richard? An Account of Richard III and His Reputation 1483–1983
(1983)

Sir James Ramsay,
Lancaster and York
(2 vols, 1892)

Charles Ross,
The Wars of the Roses: A Concise History
(1976)

Richard III
(1981)

A. L. Rowse,
Bosworth Field and the Wars of the Roses
(1966)

Giles St Aubyn,
The Year of Three Kings 1483
(1983)

Cora L. Scofield,
The Life and Reign of Edward IV
(2 vols, 1923)

Desmond Seward,
Richard III: England’s Black Legend
(1983)

Horace Walpole,
Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of King Richard III
(1768; reprinted 1974)

Alcock, John, Bishop of Worcester, 159

Alexander, Duke of Albany, 98, 130

Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick, 38–9, 44, 46, 81–2

Anne Neville, 46, 63, 80–1, 94, 111, 123–4, 129–30, 163, 165, 175, 198, 208

Argyll, Earl of, 168

Arundel, Earl of, 54

Assheton, Sir Ralph, 140, 162, 195

Bannaster, Ralph, 139

Battles: St Albans 1455, 25, 136; Northampton 1460, 29, 136; Wakefield 1460, 29, 31, 37; Mortimer’s Cross 1461, 31, 49; St Albans 1461, 31; Towton 1461, 32, 49, 52, 190, 211; Hexham 1464, 49, 52; Banbury 1469, 57; Lose-coat Field 1470, 59; Barnet 1471, 69, 71; Tewkesbury 1471, 71, 76–7, 81, 87, 133, 150, 182, 201; Bosworth 1485, 44, 146–7, 162, 187, 198, 208, 212, 215

Beauchamp, Richard, Earl of Warwick, 38

Beaufort, Edmund, 4th Duke of Somerset, 69, 71, 73

Beaufort, Henry, 3rd Duke of Somerset, 46, 49, 71

Beaufort, John, 1st Duke of Somerset, 18–9, 21, 24–5, 71

Bedford, Duchess of, 52

Berkeley, William, 182

Blount, James, 173

Bothwell, Earl, 98

Bourchier, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 28, 32, 118, 123–4

Brackenbury, Sir Robert, 142–3, 146, 162, 177, 184, 187, 195

Brandon, Sir William, 182, 195

Buckingham, Duchess of,
see
Catherine Woodville

Buckingham, Duke of,
see
Stafford, Henry

Burdett, Thomas, 90

Burgundy, Duchess of,
see
Margaret

Burgundy, Duke of,
see
Charles
and
Philip

Butler, Lady Eleanor, 118, 156

Butler, Sir Thomas, 118

Cade, Jack, 18–9

Calais, 21, 25, 28, 56, 85, 88, 106, 173, 177

Catesby, Sir William, 142, 156, 162, 176, 190, 214

Catherine, Duchess of Norfolk, 54

Catherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham, 107, 158

Charles VII of France, 18, 21

Charles VIII of France, 167

Charles the Rash, Duke of Burgundy, 55, 63, 83, 85, 87–8, 90

Chatterton, Edmund, 159

Cheyney, Sir John, 139, 182, 195

Cicely Neville, Duchess of York, 12, 25, 28, 31, 37, 39, 69, 173, 208

Clarence, Duke of,
see
George

Clarence, Duchess of,
see
Isabel Neville

Colynbourne, William, 173, 208

Commynes, Philip de, 69, 85, 87, 154

Constable, Sir Marmaduke, 155

Council, 25, 52, 77, 81, 90, 102, 106, 110–2, 114, 117–8, 133, 156, 159, 162, 166, 168, 207–8

Court, 18–9, 21, 24, 52, 55, 87, 89–91, 93, 99, 151, 154, 205, 214

Courtenay, John, Earl of Devon, 69

Croyland Chronicle, 29, 58, 90, 98, 106, 110, 136, 139, 141, 150, 162–3, 167, 186–7

Dacre, Lord, 190

de la Pole, Anne, 169

de la Pole, John, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, 123, 166

de la Pole, William, 1st Duke of 123, 166

de la Pole, William, Duke of Suffolk, 18, 21, 156

de Vere, Aubrey, 46

de Vere, John, 12th Earl of Oxford, 46

de Vere, John, 13th Earl of Oxford, 63, 68, 70–1, 82–3, 173, 182, 188, 191, 194–5, 215

Devon, Earl of,
see
Courtenay, John

Dighton, John, 143, 146

Dorset, Marquess of,
see
Grey, Thomas

Dymmock, Sir Thomas, 59

Edmund, Earl of Rutland, 12, 28–9, 31, 37

Edward IV: youth, 12, 28; character, 46, 49, 69, 93, 102, 160, 203, 205, 208, 211, 214; as a commander, 28–9, 31; proclaimed king 31–2; coronation, 37; deals with opposition, 46, 49, 56–9, 60, 63, 68–71, 73, 150; marriage, 52, 54, 150; foreign policy, 55, 63, 82–3, 85, 87–90, 97, 99; his children, 63, 99, 106, 109, 131–3, 136, 140–1, 147, 158, 175; and Henry VI’s death, 73, 76–7; and Richard, 77, 80–2, 93, 98, 102, 204; and Clarence, 90–1, 118; his death, 102, 106 112, 120;
see also,
44, 84, 110–12, 114, 117–8, 129, 131, 148, 156, 158–9, 168, 176–7, 201, 205, 212

Edward V, 63, 69, 102–3, 106–10, 112, 117–8, 123–4, 129, 136, 140–1, 143, 146–51, 156, 201–2, 205

Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales, 21, 24, 29, 32, 63, 71, 73, 76–7, 129, 201

Edward, Prince of Wales, (Richard III’s son), 81, 130, 151, 158, 163, 165, 208, 212

Edward, Earl of Warwick, 165–6, 168

Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk (Richard III’s sister), 166

Elizabeth of York (Edward IV’s daughter), 87, 99, 138, 147–51, 165, 175, 182, 211, 214

Elizabeth Woodville, 52, 54–6, 59, 63, 69, 76, 91, 93, 102–3, 107–112, 114, 117–8, 124, 129, 131, 138, 147–8, 150, 156, 162, 204–5, 211, 214

Exeter, Duke of, 54, 70

Fabyan, Robert, 31, 52, 56, 68, 173

Fauconberg, Lord, 32

Ferrers, Lord, 139, 190

Forest, Miles, 143

Fortescue, Sir John, 49

France, 12, 18–9, 21, 52, 55, 59, 82, 85, 87, 159, 167, 175, 179, 182, 189

Francis, Duke of Brittany, 132, 138, 166

George, Duke of Clarence, 12, 28, 31, 37, 46, 55–6, 58–9, 68–9, 73, 77, 81–2, 87, 89–91, 93, 102–3, 118, 129, 151, 158–9, 162, 165, 201, 203–4, 211, 214

Gloucester, Duchess of,
see
Anne Neville

Graystoke, Lord, 190

Green, John, 142

Grey, Sir John, 52, 150

Grey, Lord Richard, 109, 123, 204

Grey, Thomas, Marquess of Dorset, 77, 102, 106, 109, 111, 131, 139, 205, 207, 214

Guildford, Sir John, 138

Guildford, Richard, 138, 182

Gunthorp, John, Dean of Wells, 159

Hall, Edward, 76, 184, 202

Harrington, John, 207

Hastings, William, Lord, 63, 70–1, 77, 102, 106, 109, 111–2, 114, 117–8, 121, 124, 129, 136, 141, 205, 214

Henry VI, 17–9, 21, 24–9, 31–2, 39, 49, 60, 63, 68–9, 73, 76–7, 83, 103, 129, 147, 156, 168, 201, 208

Herbert, Sir Walter, 182, 184–5

Herbert, William, created 1st Yorkist Earl of Pembroke in 1468, 57, 133

Herbert, William (son of above), 2nd Yorkist Earl of Pembroke, which he exchanged for earldom of Huntingdon in 1479, 54, 80, 160, 177

Howard, John, 1st Duke of Norfolk, 97, 112, 123, 129, 138, 160, 163, 169, 177, 184, 187–8, 190, 194, 215

Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey, 123, 160, 177, 184, 190

Hungerford, Walter, 139

Hussey, Sir William, 130

Ireland, 12, 19, 28–9, 166

Isabel, Duchess of Clarence, 46, 56, 81, 89

James III of Scotland, 97–8, 167, 169

Kendal, John, 130, 162

Kent, Earl of, 124

Landois, Pierre, 166–7

Langton, Thomas, Bishop of St David’s, 159, 215–6

Lincoln, Earl of,
see
de la Pole, John

Lisle, Viscount, 124, 167–8, 177

London, 18–9, 29–32, 49, 56, 58, 63, 68–70, 73, 77, 80, 84, 97–8, 102, 106, 108–112, 118, 120, 123, 138–9, 148, 150, 154, 166, 168, 177, 179, 184–5, 187, 190

Louis XI of France, 52, 55, 59–60, 63, 69, 82–3, 85, 87–8, 90, 97, 99, 167, 214

Lovell, Francis, Viscount, 46, 123, 130, 162, 184, 214

Lynom, Thomas, 207

Mancini, Dominic, 91, 93, 102, 107, 109, 117, 124, 141, 204

Margaret of Anjou, 18–9, 21, 24–5, 28–9, 31–2, 46, 49, 52, 60, 63, 69, 71, 73, 82, 87, 98, 156

Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, 55, 58, 63, 68, 88–9, 99

Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond, 124, 132, 136, 158, 179

Mary of Burgundy, 88–90, 99

Middleham, 39, 46, 58, 80, 82, 94, 111, 163, 167, 204, 211

More, Thomas, 109, 112, 114, 117, 120, 142, 146–7, 160, 201–3, 205, 212, 214

Morley, Lord, 168

Morton, John, Bishop of Ely, 102, 111, 114, 117, 136, 138–9, 166

Neville, George, Archbishop of York, 32, 52, 56, 58, 68, 82

Neville, John, Lord Montagu Earl of Northumberland and later Marquess of Montagu, 46, 49, 52, 58–9, 63, 68, 71, 162

Neville, Richard, Earl of Warwick, 25, 28, 31–2, 37–9, 44, 46, 49, 52, 54–60, 63, 68–71, 76–7, 80–2, 90–1, 106, 162, 190

Neville, Richard, Earl of Salisbury, 25, 28–9, 31, 37–8

Norfolk, Duchess of,
see
Catherine

Norfolk, Duke of,
see
Howard, John

Northumberland, Earl of,
see
Neville, John
and
Percy, Henry

Oxford, Earl of,
see
de Vere, John, 12th Earl
and
de Vere, John, 13th Earl

Parliament, 19, 24, 82–3, 91, 99, 110, 112, 120–1, 123, 132, 147, 150, 156, 158–9, 162, 176–7, 189, 198, 205, 207, 211, 215

Paston, Sir John, 55, 82, 89

Pembroke, Earl of,
see
Herbert, William, 1st Yorkist Earl, Herbert, William, 2nd Yorkist Earl,
and
Tudor, Jasper, Lancastrian Earl

Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland, 68, 77, 80, 93–4, 97–8, 123, 129, 138, 160, 163, 168, 184–7, 190, 194, 214–5

Percy, Robert, 46, 162, 195, 214

Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, 37, 55, 63

Picquigny, Treaty of, 87, 141, 167, 211

Pole, Margaret, 91

Ratcliffe, Sir Richard, 123, 142, 162, 176, 190, 195, 214

Rene, Duke of Anjou, 18, 49

Richard III: character, 93, 124, 154, 203–5, 207, 211–2, 214–6; youth, 12, 21, 28, 52, 55; goes to the Netherlands, 31, 37; becomes Duke of Gloucester, 37; in Warwick’s household, 44, 46; and Anne Neville, 46, 80–1, 94, 111, 123, 129; fights for Edward, 56, 58–9, 63, 69–71, 73; and Henry’s death, 76–7; quarrels with Clarence, 81–2, 91, 93; as Lieutenant of the North, 87, 90, 93–4, 97–8, 102; and Edward’s death, 102; as Protector, 102–3, 106–8, 110–1; captures Edward V, 109; and Hastings, 112, 114, 117; claims the throne, 118, 120–1, 123–4; royal progress, 129–30; and Buckingham’s rebellion, 136, 138–40; death of the Princes, 141–3, 146–51; his policies, 154–6; and Parliament, 156, 158–9; his finances, 160, 176–7; his followers, 160, 162; death of his son, 163, 165; chooses his successor, 165–6; prepares for war, 163, 166–8, 171, 173, 175, 177, 182; Anne’s death, 175–6; and the Stanleys, 179, 184–5, 191; at Bosworth, 185–8, 190, 194–5; later portrayals of Richard, 198, 201, 202, 204;
see also,
17–8, 38, 85, 133, 169, 183

Richard, Duke of York, (Richard III’s father), 12, 16–9, 21, 24–5, 28–9, 31, 37–8, 46

Richard, Duke of York, (Edward IV’s son), 106–7, 118, 124, 136, 140–1, 143, 146–51, 201–2, 205

Richmond, Earl of,
see
Tudor, Henry

Richmond, Countess of,
see
Margaret Beaufort

Rivers, Richard, Earl, 59

Rivers, Anthony, Earl, 63, 90, 102–3, 106–9, 111, 118, 123, 204, 211

Rotherham, Thomas, Archbishop of York, 102, 109–11, 114, 117, 159

Rothesay, Duke of, 169

Rous, John, 168, 195, 198, 202–3, 211

Russell, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 110, 112, 156, 159

Rutland, Earl of,
see
Edmund

St Leger, Thomas, 139

St Pol, Count of, 85

Salisbury, Earl of,
see
Neville, Richard

Savage, Sir John, 185, 194

Scotland, 29, 98–9

Scrope, Lord, of Bolton, 162, 190

Shaa, Dr Ralph, 120, 124, 151

Shore, Jane, 114, 205, 207

Slaughter, William, 143

Somerset, Duke of,
see
Beaufort, Edmund, Beaufort, Henry,
and
Beaufort, John

Stafford, Henry, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 54, 91, 107–12, 117, 120–1, 124, 129, 136, 138–41, 147–8, 151, 156, 160, 162, 176, 182, 201, 205, 211, 214–5

Stafford, Hugh, 195

Stafford, Humphrey, 139

Stafford, Thomas, 195

Stanley, Thomas, Lord, 59, 63, 98, 111, 114, 117, 123, 130, 158, 160, 163, 169, 179, 183–7, 191, 194, 214–5

Stanley, Sir William, 160, 163, 183–8, 195, 208, 215

Stillington, Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 118, 159

Strange, Lord, 179, 184–5, 191

Suffolk, Earl
of
,
see
de la Pole, John,
and
de la Pole, William