The Lucky Years: How to Thrive in the Brave New World of Health (41 page)

genotyping of,
117
–18

immunotherapy for,
28
–33

inflammation in,
175
–77

lifestyle and,
153
,
168
–69

measurement of success in treating of,
32
–33

metastasis in,
60
–62

molecular therapies for,
23
–24,
49
–50,
54
–55

muscle mass and,
195

p53 gene and,
57
–58

Peto’s paradox and,
57

plasma transfusions and,
5

precision medicine and,
115

radiation therapy for,
29

random mutations in,
169
–74,
176

as runaway cell copying,
59

self-seeding in,
61

statins and,
218
–20

treatment resistance in,
190
–91

Watson supercomputer and treatment of,
88
–89

see also specific types of cancer

cardiovascular disease,
86
,
121
,
128
,
147
,
216

airport noise and,
92

risk factors for,
47

Carlson, Mary,
212
,
213

Carnegie Mellon University,
214

CAR T cells,
29
–30

CBS This Morning,
67

CCR5
gene,
24
,
25

Ceauşescu, Nicolae,
212
–13

Celebrex (celecoxib),
62

celiac disease,
113
,
164

cell division,
5

cells:

death of (apoptosis),
59

endoplasmic reticulum in,
40

oxidative damage to,
40

receptors on,
59

Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development (Duke University),
45

Center for Translational Neuromedicine (University of Rochester),
208

Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences),
194

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
47
,
103
,
133
,
205

ceritinib (Zykadia),
53

change, self-assessment of, past vs. future in,
38
–40,
39

chaos theory,
236
–37

Charaka,
113

Charlottesville Neurology and Sleep Medicine,
204

checkpoint blockage therapy,
29
–30

chemotherapy,
29
,
60
,
190
–91

exercise and,
191
,
192

Chicago, University of,
17

children, obesity and overweight in,
133

Chittagong University,
232

cholera,
234

cholesterol,
150
,
195
,
217
,
219

dietary vs. blood,
162

online calculator for,
218

chronic disease,
128
–29

age-related,
128
,
136

diet and,
141
–44

management of,
144
–46

overweight and,
141

sleep habits and,
147

chronological age,
45
,
46
,
46
,
47
,
135
–36,
232

circadian rhythm,
123
,
138
,
139
–40,
148
,
205

Circulation,
86

climate change,
159

Clinical Practice Research Datalink,
219

clinical trials,
52

double-blind,
53
,
155

IRBs and,
52

randomized,
52
–53

ClinVar,
9

coarse graining,
229
–32,
230

cognitive abilities,
45
,
46

cognitive dissonance,
159

Cohen, Jacques,
111
–12

colds,
205
,
214

Cold War,
94

Coley, William B.,
27
–29,
28
,
33
,
48

colitis,
121
–22

Collins, Francis,
114
,
118

colonoscopies,
93

Colorado,
47

colorectal cancer,
55
,
123
–24,
190
,
217

statin use and,
220

Columbia University,
138

complex carbohydrates,
162

comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP),
151

Congress, US,
114
,
237

context:

adapting to new data in,
159

aging and,
45

baselines for,
150

changes in,
22

databases as,
83
,
91
–94

data mining and,
101

diet and,
163
,
165

disease and,
13
–14,
20

genes and,
14
,
20
–21,
118

health and,
48
,
76
–78,
84
,
89
–90,
91
–94,
101
,
113
,
114
–15,
117
,
124
–25

heart disease and,
22

identifying and optimizing,
135
–52

lab tests in,
150
–52

medical data and,
78
–82

medical education and,
75

Cooper Center Longitudinal Study,
192

coordination,
45

Cornell University,
2

coronary artery disease,
151

cortisol,
123

counterfeit drugs,
10
–11

C-reactive protein,
175

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats),
24
–25,
26
,
45

Critical Care,
222

Crohn’s disease,
25
,
121

CTLA-4,
29
–30

cystic fibrosis,
115
–16

Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Vertex,
115
–16

cytokines,
123

cytoplasm,
111

cytosol,
40

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Profile program of,
118

Dannon,
235

Dartmouth College,
157

Darwin, Charles,
112

data, medical:

context and,
78
–82

individual’s role in collection of,
81

databases, medical,
82
–83,
95

as context,
83
,
91
–94

security of,
88
–89

data mining,
84
–89,
92

context and,
101

infectious diseases and,
100
–101

Davos, Switzerland,
161

Dawkins, Richard,
17

death, leading causes of,
129

death certificates,
96

decision-making,
225
,
227
–28

dehydration,
234

dementia,
5
,
41
,
90
,
91
,
151
,
204
,
210
,
215
,
221

see also
Alzheimer’s disease

depression,
122
,
211
,
215

exercise and,
186

Dhaka,
232

diabetes,
22
,
24
,
25
,
47
,
59
,
108
,
114
,
123
,
128
,
147
,
151
,
166
,
175
,
186
,
187
,
188
,
215
,
221
,
237

gut bacteria and,
120
–21

incidence of,
120
–21

diet,
22
,
114

chronic disease and,
141
–44

as contextual,
163

honesty about,
133
–34

low-cholesterol,
162

low-fat,
162

moderation in,
144

research on,
see
nutritional studies

weight and,
141

diphtheria,
161

disease:

autoimmune,
85
,
125
,
175

context and,
13
–14,
20

genetic markers for,
22
,
113
–14,
127

surrogate markers for,
127
–28

see also
chronic disease; infectious diseases; noncommunicable diseases

disorders, inherited, newborn screening and,
12

DNA,
see
genes, genome

DNA mismatch repair,
32
,
57

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA),
182

dopamine,
211

Doudna, Jennifer A.,
25

dreaming,
203

drug abuse,
22

drugs,
see
medications

Duke Cancer Institute (DCI),
191

Duke University,
30

Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development at,
45

Dulken, Ben,
63

Dunedin Study,
45
–47,
46

Dyerberg, Jorn,
182
–83

Dyson, Esther,
173

Earls, Felton,
213

East Africa,
44
,
107

Eat, Sleep, Poop
(Cohen),
137

eating patterns, heart disease and,
138
–40

Ebola,
18
,
221
–22

E. coli,
123

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),
182

Einstein, Albert,
2
,
223

Elder, William, Jr.,
115
–16

electrodermal response,
230
–31

Elledge, Stephen J.,
84

emotions, touch and,
214

emulsifiers, microbiome and,
121
–22

“end of history illusion,”
38
–40,
39

End of Illness, The
(Agus),
18

endoplasmic reticulum,
40

endorphins,
211

energy levels,
149

England,
see
Great Britain

environment,
see
context

epidemics:

global spread of,
103

prediction of,
103
–4

epigenetics,
20
–21

esomeprazole (Nexium),
86

esophageal cancer,
217

estrogen,
64

ethics:

genome editing and,
24
–25

medical advances and,
10
,
24

technology and,
25
–26

Europe,
77

European Journal of Immunology,
34

exercise,
21
,
114
,
140
,
185
–201

chemotherapy and,
191
,
192

honesty about,
133
–34

ideal amount of,
196
–200

intensity of,
197
–98

life expectancy and,
189
–90

mortality rates and,
148

Exeter, University of,
157

“Experimental Prolongation of the Life Span” (McCay, Lunsford, and Pope),
2

experimental treatments, quicker access to,
56

Facebook,
27

fasting lipid profile,
150

feebleness, aging and,
43

fertility, aging and,
43

Field, Tiffany,
214

financial industry, information technology and,
89

Finland,
220

fish oil,
182
–83

Florida,
103

flu vaccine:

misinformation about,
157
–58

public distrust of,
160

FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-di-monosaccharides and polyols),
164

Fodor, George,
183

food, safety of,
11

Food and Drug Administration, US (FDA),
2
,
18
,
51
,
55
,
56
,
86
,
111
,
112
,
127
–28,
146
,
182
,
201

Accelerated Approval provisions of,
128

Foundation Medicine,
50

Framingham Heart Study,
47
,
118

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
169

free radicals,
208

fruit flies, eating pattern studies with,
138
–40

fungi,
119

gait,
45

galvanic skin response (GSR),
230
–31

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),
86

Gates, Bill,
2

Genentech,
56

genes, genome,
45
,
83
–84

aging and,
20
,
41

bacterial,
107
,
119

context and,
14
,
20
–21,
118