The Lucky Years: How to Thrive in the Brave New World of Health (42 page)

DNA mismatch repair and,
32

expression of,
20
–21,
125
,
139

mitochondrial,
see
mitochondrial DNA

sequencing of,
20
,
23
,
49
–52,
112

SNPs in,
113
–14

as switches,
41

viruses and,
119
–20

genes, genome, editing of,
24
–25,
45

ethics of,
102
–5

genetically modified foods (GMOs),
18

genetic markers,
22
,
113
–14,
127

genetic mutations:

aging and,
41

cancer and,
14
,
21
–22,
50

disease risk and,
9
,
12

genetic screening,
103
,
117
,
137

flawed results in,
8
–10

of newborns,
11
–12

Georgia State University,
121

Gewirtz, Andrew,
121

Gibson, Peter,
164

Gilbert, Daniel,
38
,
39
,
40

Gillray, James,
161

Gladwell, Malcolm,
225
,
227
,
228

Gleevec (imatinib),
55

glial cells,
209

glioblastoma,
30

“Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health” (WHO),
187

gluten, debate over,
163
–65

Goldstein, Irwin,
211

Google,
87
,
88
,
101

Google Flu Trends,
101

Grameen Bank,
232
,
233
–34,
235

Grameen Danone,
235

Graunt, John,
100

Great Britain,
96
,
97
,
100
,
110
,
155

Black Death in,
95
–101,
98
,
99
,
100

Greatist.com
,
200

Greenland,
182

Grove, Andy,
7
,
7

growth factors,
59

gun violence,
91

gut:

inflammation of,
120
,
122

microbiome of,
see
microbiome

H2 blockers,
86

habits and routines,
136
,
137
–41,
228
,
237
–38

see also
diet; lifestyle choices

Harlow, Harry,
213

Harvard Medical School,
84

Harvard School of Public Health,
142
–43

Harvard University,
3
,
23
,
24
,
37
,
178
,
186
,
196
,
212
,
213
,
216

hash tables, health care and,
87
–88

Hawaii,
47

HDL cholesterol,
150

health:

biological age and,
47

context and,
48
,
76
–78,
84
,
89
–90,
91
–94,
101
,
113
,
114
–15,
117
,
124
–25

family history of,
136
–37

honesty about,
131
–34

inflection point in,
8

lifestyle and,
see
lifestyle choices

optimism and,
65
–69

personal baselines for,
150

retirement and,
91
–92

technology and,
37
–70

health and fitness apps,
200

Health and Human Services Department, US,
103

health care:

Affordable Care Act and,
69
–70

hash tables and,
87
–88

individual’s responsibility in,
12
–13,
26
,
70
,
75
,
78
,
131
–32

misinformation about,
14
–15,
18
,
19
,
154
,
157
–58

politics and,
11
–12

portable electronic devices and,
79
,
90
–91

Health Professionals Follow-up Study,
142
–43,
217

health threats, prediction of,
103
–4

heart:

biological age of,
47
–48

health of,
48

heart attacks,
76
,
86
,
182
,
217
,
218

heart disease,
59
,
128
,
150
,
166
,
175
,
183
,
186
,
187
,
215
,
217
,
221

context and,
22

diet and,
163

eating patterns and,
138
–40

lifestyle choices and,
22

muscle mass and,
195

heart rates,
231

heart rate variability (HRV),
230

Heathrow Airport,
92

“hedonic reactions,”
38
–40

heel sticks,
11
–12

hemoglobin A1C test,
151

hepatitis B,
175

hepatitis C,
175

Herceptin (trastuzumab),
55

high blood pressure,
22
,
188
,
195

high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) test,
151

hippocampus,
214

Hippocrates,
71
,
113
,
122
,
216

HIV/AIDS,
18
,
24
,
25
,
59
,
84
,
127
–28,
131
,
159

Hoffmann, Felix,
215
,
216

Holland,
41

Homeland Security Department, US,
103

homeostasis,
137
–38,
140

Homo sapiens,
evolution of,
107

honesty:

about health,
131
–34

nutritional studies and,
162

hormones,
219

hormone therapy,
201

Horton, Richard,
178

Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled (Hospital for Special Surgery),
28

house calls,
80

Houston Methodist,
86

“how do you feel” question,
231

hugs,
214

Human Genome Project,
113
,
120

human growth hormone,
200

Human Molecular Genetics,
65

human papilloma virus (HPV),
161
,
175

Hurricane Sandy,
84

Huxley, Aldous, viii,
6
,
159
,
238

Hydra magnipapillata,
42
,
42

hyperglycemia,
122

hypertension,
125
,
195
,
203

IBM,
88
–89

imatinib (Gleevec),
55

immune reactions,
5

immune system,
175
,
190
,
209
,
211

aging and,
44

impact of hugs on,
214

immunotherapy,
28
–33

polio virus and,
30
,
31

incentives,
235
–36

Indiana University Bloomington School of Informatics and Computing’s Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research,
94
–95

infant mortality,
87
,
97

infants:

genetic screening of,
11
–12

premature,
87

infections,
175
–76

infectious diseases,
129

antibiotic-resistant,
67
–69,
68

data mining and,
100
–101

inflammation,
34
,
151
,
174
–77,
181
,
187
,
190
,
195
,
215
–22

inflammatory bowel disease,
121

inflection points,
7
–8,
7

influenza,
161

risks from,
157

vaccine for,
see
flu vaccine

information, sorting good from bad,
19
–20

information technology, financial industry and,
89

inherited disorders, newborn genetic screening and,
12

insomnia,
122

Institute for Sexual Medicine,
211

insulin,
56
,
190

insulin sensitivity,
5
,
87
,
120
,
122
,
151
,
195

insurance companies, off-label drugs and,
55

Intel,
7

International Agency for Research on Cancer,
170

International Prevention Research Institute,
180

intuition,
224
–29

Inuits,
182
–83

in vitro fertilization (IVF), three-person,
109
–12,
110

Ioannidis, John,
178

IRBs (institutional review boards),
52

iron deficiency,
231

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),
164

Islam,
234

Italy,
183

ivacaftor (Kalydeco),
115
–16

JAMA Internal Medicine,
142
,
143
,
192
,
196

Jenner, Edward,
160
,
161

Jobs, Steve,
2
,
23
–24,
26
,
49

Johns Hopkins Hospital,
71
,
72
,
128

Hurd Hall at,
74

Osler Medical Housestaff Training Program at,
73
–75,
74

Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center,
32

Johns Hopkins University,
23
,
169
,
170
,
171
,
173
,
174
,
175
,
176
,
215

Jolie, Angelina,
21

Jones, Owen,
43

Journal of Sexual Medicine,
211

Journal of the American Medical Association
(
JAMA
),
72
,
114
–15,
173
,
201
,
220
,
221

Journal of the American Osteopathic Association,
154

Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
169

Journal of Urology,
168

journals, medical, misinformation in,
154
,
179

J. Paul Getty Museum,
225
–27,
226

Kahan, Dan,
159

Kalydeco (ivacaftor),
115
–16

Kennedy, Eugene,
107

Kentucky,
47

Kenya,
163

Kickstarter,
66

kouros,
225
–27,
226

Kutscher, Scott,
204

lactic acidosis,
104

Lactobacillus
bacteria,
33
–34

Lancet, The,
155
,
178
,
181
,
186
,
216

Lander, Eric,
24
–25

lansoprazole (Prevacid),
86

Latin America,
77

LDL cholesterol,
150
,
195

lean paradox,
193
–94

Lechuguilla Cave,
68

lecithin,
121
,
122

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design),
193

Lehninger, Albert,
107

Leigh’s disease,
105
,
108

“Let Food Be Thy Medicine” (World Economic Forum panel),
161
–62,
166

life expectancy,
126

exercise and,
189
–90

lifestyle choices and,
126
–27

life span, red meat and,
142
–44

lifestyle choices,
20
,
37
,
114

cancer and,
153

“end of history” illusion and,
39
–40

heart disease and,
22

life expectancy and,
126
–27

see also
diet; habits and routines

lifestyle medicine,
165

Li-Fraumeni syndrome,
58

Lily Lake,
103

Linden, David,
215

lipid phosphate phosphatase
1
(LPP1),
187

liver cancer, statin use and,
219

livestock, overuse of antibiotics in,
67
,
69

Livingston, N.J.,
111
,
112

loan sharking,
233

London,
92

Black Death in,
97
–101,
98
,
99
,
100

longevity, exercise and,
197
–98

Lorenz, Edward,
236

Lou Gehrig’s disease (ALS),
119
–20