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19.
CREATED 31 CARDINALS IN A DAY:
Young, 299.

20.
BAGLIONI BEHEADED:
ibid., 300.

21.
LEO’S BULLFIGHT:
Pastor, VIII, 173.

22.
RISING DISSENT:
ibid., VIII, 177; Hughes, 491.

23.
CORTESE AND PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA:
Pastor, VIII, 407.

24.
ERASMUS, “AS TO THESE SUPREME PONTIFFS”:
Colloquies
, 33, 98–9.
“PESTILENCE TO CHRISTENDOM”:
q. Huizinga, 141.

25.
MACHIAVELLI CASTIGATES CHURCH:
Discourses, Bk I, chap. XII.

26.
“THIS BARBAROUS DOMINATION”:
The Prince
, chap. XXVI.
“REVERENCE FOR THE PAPACY”:
Guicciardini, 149.

27.
COLET, CHURCH A MACHINE FOR MAKING MONEY:
Hale, 232.

28.
INDULGENCES FOR FUTURE SINS:
Schaff, 766.

29.
TETZEL’S SALES:
Dickens, 61. “I
HAVE HERE …”:
q. Chamberlin, 241–2.

30.
LEO MORE CONCERNED BY RAPHAEL’S DEATH:
Lees-Milne, 147.

31.
“HELL-HOUND IN ROME”:
q. Dickens, 23.

32.
LEO’S DEATH AND DEBTS: HUGHES
, 431, 434; Rodocanachi,
Adrian VI
, 7; Vettori, from his
Storia d’Italia
, q. Routh, 104–05.
LAMPOON:
Mitchell, 122.

33.
CARDINALS HISSED:
Mitchell, 125.

6. Clement VII

1.
CARDINAL SCHINNER MISSED ELECTION BY TWO VOTES:
Oechsli, 25.

2.
ELECTION OF ADRIAN:
Pastor, IX, 25–31, 45;
“JUST TO WASTE THE MORNING”:
ibid., 329.
ATTRIBUTED TO THE HOLY GHOST:
Guicciardini, 330.
HIS CHARACTER:
Mitchell, 126; Burckhardt, 169.

3.
“UNDER PAIN OF ETERNAL DAMNATION”:
q. Pastor, IX, 91.

4.
“THOSE STEEPED IN SIN”:
q. ibid., 92.

5.
“EVERYONE TREMBLES …”:
q. ibid., 94–5.

6.
ADRIAN’S MEASURES:
Ranke, I, 73–4; Pastor, IX, 52, 70–4 ff.
“SACRED THINGS … MISUSED”:
q. Lortz, 95.
“HOW MUCH … DEPENDS”:
Ranke, I, 74; Pastor, IX, 125.

7.
CLEMENT’S CHARACTER:
Guicciardini, q. Chamberlin, 258; Routh, 104.
“GIVES AWAY NOTHING”:
Marco Foscari, q. Chamberlin, 260.
VETTORI, “FROM A GREAT …”:
from his
Sommario
, q. Gilbert, 252.

8.
CHARLES V ON POPE’S DOUBLE DEALING:
q. Chamberlin,
265
.

9.
TWO ENGLISH ENVOYS:
q. Lopez, 39.

10.
COLONNA UPRISING:
Guicciardini, 372.

11.
“WE ARE ON THE BRINK OF RUIN”:
Giberti, q. Chamberlin, 273.

12.
SACK OF ROME:
Pastor, IX, 370–429; Partner,
Renaissance Rome
, 31.
“A STONE TO COMPASSION”:
Pastor, IX, 399, and n. 4.

13.
“HELL HAS NOTHING TO COMPARE”:
ibid., 400.

14.
COMMENTS OF IMPERIAL ARMY COMMISSARY:
Mercurino de Gattinara, q. Routh, 106–09.
CAJETAN:
q. Hughes, 474, n. 4.

15.
CLEMENT’S SIEGE OF FLORENCE:
Brion, 167, and others.

16.
CLEMENT’S DEATH:
Guicciardini, q. Chamberlin, 285.
CORPSE HACKED:
Brion, 167.

17.
“UNABLE TO RECOVER ANYTHING OF MY OWN”:
q. Chamberlin, 285.

Chapter Four
THE BRITISH LOSE AMERICA

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