The Origin of Satan (41 page)

135-36

in Mishnah, xxi

sexual sins, 121, 133, 154, 162, 170

Sappho, 126

Shammai, 84

Satan, xv-xxiii, 35-62, 88, 118, 139, 143

shut
(“to roam”),41

adversarial role of, 39-43, 183

“signs of the end,” 9-10

angelic origin of, 39-43, 47-55, 58,

Simon, 17

85-86,131-33, 141, 143

sins, 59, 149, 173-74, 176

Christian view of, 39

divine punishment for, xvi, 10, 40, 43

derivation of term, 39

sexual, 121, 133, 154, 162, 170

Essenes and, 34, 47, 56-61, 62, 84,

“slaughter of the innocents,” 78, 79

173, 179

slavery, 53, 121-22, 134, 135, 149-50,

group factions identified with, 13-29,

151

33-34

Smallwood, Mary, 14, 31, 75-76

group factions incited by, 42—48

Smith, Jonathan Z., xviii

in Hebrew stories, 39-42, 47-49

Socrates, 124, 137

human agents of, 13, 19, 90-91, 98,

Sodomites, 36

100-106, 111, 150, 153, 155, 165,

sower, parable of, 83

177-78, 180

Sperling, David, 58

Jesus tempted by, 11-12, 15-16, 80-

Stauffer, E., 31

81,90,101-2

Stendhal, Krister, 64-65

Judas Iscariot possessed bv, xxi, 12, 90,

Stephen, execution of, 108

92,93,102,105-6, 111

Stoics, 116, 120, 124, 126-30, 131

misfortunes caused by, xvi, 141

strangers, prescribed treatment of, 37

names given to, xvii, xviii, 20, 34, 47,

Sumer, xviii

48, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58

Suter, David, 50-51

as the self, 173-74

Syria, 9, 14, 65, 75, 89, 112, 115, 138

see also
demons; enemies

Satan's war with God, xvii, xxiii, 44, 47,

Tacitus, 7, 115, 142-43

49, 56, 57-61, 165, 173, 179-84

Tatian, xvi, 115, 131-35, 140

Christian dualism based on, 130, 141,

tax collectors, 18,91

143, 171, 176

Tcherikover, Victor, 45-46

in John, 98, 99-106, 111, 123

Teachings of Silvanus
, 73

in Luke, 89, 90-93, 98, 111, 123

Teachings of the Twelve Apostles
, 154-55,

in Mark, xvii, 11-17, 57, 60, 61, 89,

158

123, 179

Temple, Second, 10, 31, 43, 91, 107, 108

in Matthew, 82-86, 89, 123

desecrated by Antiochus Epiphanes,

moral contention in, 154-55

45-46

in Nag Hammadi texts, 158-63

destruction of, 6, 8, 9-10, 24, 75, 76

paganism and, 112-16, 117-22, 123—

priests of, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18,

26, 130, 131-33, 135, 136, 137,

22-23, 25, 29, 33, 46-47, 50-51, 52,

139, 140, 143-46, 147-8;
see also

75-76, 79, 86, 90, 92, 93, 107, 152

gods, pagan

sayings of Jesus, 8, 66-75, 83-84, 153-54,

170, 172

in Q source, 66, 68, 80-81, 101, 183

214 / I N D E X

Ten Commandments, 154

Tertullian, 114-15, 146, 149, 150, 163-

66,169,177

heresy denounced by, 163-66,169,177

religious liberty endorsed by, 147

Testimony of Truth
, 156-60, 165, 166,

175

Theudas, 166

Tiberius, Emperor of Rome, 32

I Timothy, 151,152

Titus, Emperor of Rome, 3, 5-6

Torah, 45, 76-77, 78-86

Pharisees as interpreters of, 76, 81-82,

84-85,86

practices prescribed bv, 18-19, 22,

63-64,74,77,81,91

see also specific books

Trial of Jesus, The
(Catchpole), 94

“True Word, “The” (Celsus), 138-46

universalism, 37,51-52,55,60-61, 114

Valentinus, 156, 166-78

see also Gnosticism

Vespasian, Emperor of Rome, 3, 5, 75

Villes, Georges, 134

virgin birth, 77-78, 89-90, 99, 175

Vita Adae et Evae
, 49

“watcher” angels, 50-53

weeds, parable of, 83

Wilken, Robert, 114

Wink, Walter, xviii

Winter, Paul, xxi, 33, 110

yetzer ‘hara
, 174

Zechariah, book of, 43-4, 92

Zeus, 45, 120, 126, 141