The Paleo Diet (35 page)

Authors: Loren Cordain

BOOK: The Paleo Diet

6.18Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

Skov AR, Toubro S, Bulow J, Krabbe K, Parving HH, Astrup AI. Changes in renal function during weight loss induced by high vs. low-protein low-fat diets in overweight subjects.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
1999 23:1170-1177.

Skov AR, Toubro S, Ronn B, Holm L, Astrup A. Randomized trial on protein vs. carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity.
Int J Obes
1999;23:528-536.

Smith RN, Braue A, Varigos GA, Mann NJ. The effect of a low glycemic load diet on acne vulgaris and the fatty acid composition of skin surface triglycerides.
J Dermatol Sci
2008;50(1):41-52.

Smith RN, Mann NJ, Braue A, Mäkeläinen H, Varigos GA. A low-glycemic-load diet improves symptoms in acne vulgaris patients: a randomized controlled trial.
Am J Clin Nutr
2007;86(1):107-115.

Smith RN, Mann NJ, Braue A, Mäkeläinen H, Varigos GA. The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic-load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic-load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: a randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.
J Am Acad Dermatol
2007;57(2):247-256.

Solomon CG. The epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Prevalence and associated disease risks.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am
1999;28:247-263.

Speechly DP, Buffenstein R. Appetite dysfunction in obese males: evidence for role of hyperinsulinaemia in passive overconsumption with a high fat diet.
Eur J Clin Nutr
2000;54:225-233.

Speth JD. Early hominid hunting and scavenging: the role of meat as an energy source.
J Hum Evol
1989;18:329-343.

Speth JD, Spielmann KA. Energy source, protein metabolism, and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies.
J Anthropol Archaeol
1983;2:1-31. Sp

onheimer M, Lee-Thorp JA. Isotopic evidence for the diet of an early hominid
Australopithecus africanus. Science
1999;283:368-370.

Stamler J, Caggiula A, Grandits GA, Kjelsberg M, Cutler JA. Relationship to blood pressure of combinations of dietary macronutrients. Findings of the multiple risk factor intervention trial. (MRFIT).
Circulation
1996;94:2417-2423.

Stampfer MJ, Krauss RM, Ma J, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Sacks FM, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction.
JAMA
1996; 276:882-888.

Stampfer MJ, Sacks FM, Salvini S, Willett WC, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and the risk of myocardial infarction.
N Engl J Med
1991;325:373-381.

Stanford CB, Wallis J, Mpongo E, Goodall J. Hunting decisions in wild chimpanzees.
Behaviour
1994;131:1-18.

Steegers EP, Eskes TB, Jongsma HW, Hein PR. Dietary sodium restriction during pregnancy: a historical review.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
1991;40:83-90.

Stefansson V.
The Fat of the Land.
New York: Macmillan Company, 1960.

Steiner PE. Necropsies on Okinawans. Anatomic and pathologic observations.
Arch Pathol
1946;42:359-380.

Stewart P, Darvill T, Lonky E, Reihman J, Pagano J, Bush B. Assessment of prenatal exposure to PCBs from maternal consumption of Great Lakes fish: an analysis of PCB pattern and concentration.
Environ Res
1999;80(2 Pt 2): S87-S96.

Stoll AL, Severus WE, Freeman MP, Reuter S, Zboyan HA, Diamond E, Cress KK, Marangell LB. Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Arch Gen Psychiatry
1999; 56:407-412.

Stoll BA. Western diet, early puberty, and breast cancer risk.
Breast Cancer Res Treat
1998;49:187-193.

Stuart AJ. Mammalian extinctions in the late Pleistocene of northern Eurasia and North America.
Biol Rev
1991;66:453-562.

Stubbs RJ, van Wyk MC, Johnstone AM, Harbron CG. Breakfasts high in protein, fat or carbohydrate: effect on within-day appetite and energy balance.
Eur J Clin Nutr
1996;50:409-417.

Su HY, Hickford JG, Bickerstaffe R, Palmer BR. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and hair growth
.
Dermatol Online J
1999,(2):1.

Sweeten MK, Cross HR, Smith GC, Savell JW, Smith SB. Lean beef: impetus for lipid modifications.
J Am Diet Assoc
1990;90:87-92.

Sweeten MK, Cross HR, Smith GC, Smith SB. Subcellular distribution and composition of lipids in muscle and adipose tissues.
J Food Sci
1990;43-45.

Tanskanen A, Hibbeln JR, Tuomilehto J, Uutela A, Haukkala A, Viinamaki H, Lehtonen J, Vartiainen E. Fish consumption and depressive symptoms in the general population in Finland.
Psychiatr Serv
2001;52:529-531.

Taylor CB, Peng SK, Werthessen NT, Tham P, Lee KT. Spontaneously occurring angiotoxic derivatives of cholesterol.
Am J Clin Nutr
1979;32:40-57.

Teikari JM. Myopia and stature.
Acta Ophthalmol
1987;65:673-676.

Teleki G. The omnivorous chimpanzee.
Sci Am
1973;228:33-42.

Testart A. The significance of food storage among hunter-gatherers: residence patterns, population densities, and social inequalities.
Curr Anthropol
1982; 23:523-537.

Teuteberg HJ. Periods and turning points in the history of European diet: a preliminary outline of problems and methods. In Fenton A, Kisban E (eds.),
Food in Change. Eating Habits from the Middle Ages to the Present Day.
Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1986, pp. 11-23.

Thiboutot DM. An overview of acne and its treatment.
Cutis
1996;57:8-12.

Thieme H. Lower palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany.
Nature
1997;385: 807-810.

Thierry van Dessel HJ, Lee PD, Faessen G, Fauser BC, Giudice LC. Elevated serum levels of free insulin-like growth factor I in polycystic ovary syndrome.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
1999;84:3030-3035.

Thresher JS, Podolin DA, Wei Y, Mazzeo RS, Pagliassotti MJ. Comparison of the effects of sucrose and fructose on insulin action and glucose tolerance.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
2000;279:R1334-R1340.

Tobian L. High-potassium diets markedly protect against stroke deaths and kidney disease in hypertensive rats, an echo from prehistoric days.
J Hypertens
1986;4(suppl):S67-S76.

————. Potassium and sodium in hypertension.
J Hypertens
1988;6(suppl 4): S12-S24.

————. Salt and hypertension.
Hypertension
1991;17(suppl I):I-52-I-58.

Tobian L, Hanlon S. High sodium chloride diets injure arteries and raise mortality without changing blood pressure.
Hypertension
1990; 15:900-903.

Tong WM, Hofer H, Ellinger A, Peterlik M, Cross HS. Mechanism of antimitogenic action of vitamin D in human colon carcinoma cells: relevance for suppression of epidermal growth factor-stimulated cell growth.
Oncol Res
1999;11:77-84.

Torrey JC, Montu E. The influence of an exclusive meat diet on the flora of the human colon.
J Infect Dis
1931;49:141-176.

Travers SH, Labarta JI, Gargosky SE, Rosenfeld RG, Jeffers BW, Eckel RH. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-I levels are strongly associated with insulin sensitivity and obesity in early pubertal children.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
1998;83:1935-1939.

Tripoli E, Giammanco M, Tabacchi G, Di Majo D, Giammanco S, La Guardia M. The phenolic compounds of olive oil: structure, biological activity and beneficial effects on human health.
Nutr Res Rev
2005;18(1): 98-112.

Trowell H. Dietary fibre: a paradigm. In: Trowell H, Burkitt D, Heaton K, Doll R (eds.),
Dietary Fibre, Fibre-Depleted Foods and Disease.
New York: Academic Press, 1985, pp. 1-20.

Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Kiel DP. Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women.
Am J Clin Nutr
1999; 69:727-736.

Turner CG. Dental anthropological indicators of agriculture among the Jomon people of central Japan.
Am J Phys Anthropol
1979;51:619-636.

Turner JC. Adaptive strategies of selective fatty acid deposition in the bone marrow of desert bighorn sheep.
Comp Biochem Physiol
1979;62A: 599-604.

Tuyns A. Salt and gastrointestinal cancer.
Nutr Cancer
1988;11:229-232.

Umemura T, Slinger SJ, Bhatnagar MK, Yamashiro S. Histopathology of the heart from rats fed rapeseed oils.
Res Vet Sci
1978;25(3):318-322.

United States Census Bureau. Historical Estimates of World Population.
www.census.gov/ftp/pub/ipc/www/worldhis.html
.

Vieth R, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Boucher BJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Garland CF, Heaney RP, et al. The urgent need to recommend an intake of vitamin D that is effective.
Am J Clin Nutr
2007;85:649-650.

Watkins BA: Dietary biotin effects on desaturation and elongation of
¹⁴C-linoleic acid in the chicken.
Nutr Res
1990;10:325-334.

Webster D, Webster G. Optimal hunting and Pleistocene extinction.
Hum Ecol
1984;12:275-289.

Weller O. The earliest rock salt exploitation in Europe. A salt mountain in Spanish Neolithic.
Antiquity
2002;76:317-318.

Willett WC. Is dietary fat a major determinant of body fat?
Am J Clin Nutr
1998;67(suppl):556S-562S.

Willett WC, Ascherio A. Trans fatty acids: are the effects only marginal?
Am J Public Health
1994;84:722-724.

Williams GC, Nesse RM. The dawn of Darwinian medicine.
Q Rev Biol
1991;66: 1-22.

Wilson ME. Premature elevation in serum insulin-like growth factor-I advances first ovulation in rhesus monkeys.
J Endocrinol
1998; 158:247-257.

Wing RR. Physical activity in the treatment of the adulthood overweight and obesity: current evidence and research issues.
Med Sci Sports Exerc
1999;31: S547-S552.

Winterhalder B, Smith EA (eds).
Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies. Ethnographic and Archaeological Analyses.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981, pp. 1-268.

Wolever TM, Bolognesi C. Prediction of glucose and insulin responses of normal subjects after consuming mixed meals varying in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and glycemic index.
J Nutr
1996;126:2807-2812.

Wolfe BM. Potential role of raising dietary protein intake for reducing risk of atherosclerosis.
Can J Cardiol
1995;11 (suppl G):127G -131G.

Wolfe BM, Giovannetti PM. Short-term effects of substituting protein for carbohydrate in the diets of moderately hypercholesterolemic human subjects.
Metabolism
1991;40:338-343.

Wolfe BMJ, Piche LA. Replacement of carbohydrate by protein in a conventional-fat diet reduces cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in healthy normolipidemic subjects.
Clin Invest Med
1999;22:140-148.

Wolmarans P, Benade AJ, Kotze TJ, Daubitzer AK, Marais MP, Laubscher R. Plasma lipoprotein response to substituting fish for red meat in the diet.
Am J Clin Nutr
1991; 53:1171-1176.

Wong WW, Copeland KC, Hergenroeder AC, Hill RB, Stuff JE, Ellis KJ. Serum concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins are different between white and African American girls.
J Pediatr
1999;135:296-300.

Wood B, Collard M. The human genus.
Science
1999;284:65-71.

Yang Q, Mori I, Shan L, Nakamura M, Nakamura Y, Utsunomiya H, Yoshimura G, Suzuma T, Tamaki T, Umemura T, Sakurai T, Kakudo K. Biallelic inactivation of retinoic acid receptor B2 gene by epigenetic change in breast cancer.
Am J Pathol
2001;158:299-303.

Yang YW, Sheikh NA, Morrow WJ. The ultrastructure of tomatine adjuvant.
Biomaterials
2002;23(23):4677-4686.

Yang YW, Wu CA, Morrow WJ. The apoptotic and necrotic effects of tomatine adjuvant.
Vaccine
2004;22(17-18):2316-2327.

Zambon D, Sabate J, Munoz S, Campero B, Casals E, Merlos M, Laguna JC, Ros E. Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.
Ann Intern Med
2000;132:538-546.

Zhang J, Temme EH, Kesteloot H. Fish consumption is inversely associated with male lung cancer mortality in countries with high levels of cigarette smoking or animal fat consumption.
Int J Epidemiol
2000; 29:615-621.

Zhu X, Wallman J. Opposite effects of glucagon and insulin on compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
2009;50(1): 24-36.

Zimmerman MR. The paleopathology of the cardiovascular system.
Texas Heart Inst J
1993;20252-20257.

Zohary D. The progenitors of wheat and barley in relation to domestication and agricultural dispersal in the Old World. In Ucko PJ, Dimbleby GW (eds.),
The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals.
Chicago: Aldine Publishing, 1969, pp. 45-65.

Zouboulis CC, Xia L, Akamatsu H, Seltmann H, Fritsch M, Hornemann S, Ruhl R, Chen W, Nau H, Orfanos CE. The human sebocyte culture model provides new insights into development and management of seborrhoea and acne.
Dermatology
1998;196:21-31.

Zvelebil M. Postglacial foraging in the forests of Europe.
Sci Am
1986;254: 104-115.

Index

acid-base balance

causes of imbalance

effects of imbalance

acid foods

examples of

overconsumption of

acne

aerobic capacity

aerobic training programs

Agricultural Revolution