The Passion of Bradley Manning (17 page)

December 16–23, 2011: Article 32 Hearing to determine if there is sufficient evidence for the charges against Pfc. Manning is conducted over six days at Fort Meade, Maryland. Of the twenty-two charges, eight are for violation of the Espionage Act and one is for Aiding the Enemy, which carries a maximum penalty of death or life without parole. In the course of the hearing's six days, attorney David Coombs does not once seek to deny the alleged deeds. Instead, defense strategy is to spread responsibility for the leaks upward through the chain of command due to the military's failure both to properly secure the classified material and to provide Manning with mental health counseling. Coombs concludes his statement by arguing that the damage done to national interests by the leaks has been minimal: “Where is the damage? […] The sky has not fallen, and the sky will not fall.” The investigating officer denies the defense's request for thirty-six out of thirty-eight witnesses.

January 12, 2012: Investigating officer Lt. Col. Paul Almanza concludes that there is sufficient evidence for Pfc. Manning to face all twenty-two charges in a court-martial.

February 3, 2012: Military District of Washington commander Maj. Gen. Michael Linnington clears the final procedural hurdle by referring all charges against Pfc. Bradley Manning to a general court-martial.

War casualty figures are drawn from the Costs of War project of the Watson Institute at Brown University,
www.costsofwar.org
.

Access to the Afghan War Logs, Iraq War Logs, State Department Cables and Guantánamo Files is available at Wikileaks and mirror sites, and on
The Guardian's
website.

The complete chatlogs between Bradley Manning and Adrian Lamo are available at wired.com.

Defense lawyer David Coombs' updates about his client Bradley Manning's case and condition are taken from his law firm website,
www.armycourtmartialdefense.com
.

Why Bradley Manning Deserves the Presidential Medal of Freedom

Steven Aftergood, “NSA Declassifies 200 Year Old Report,”
Secrecy News
, June 9, 2011.
http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2011/06/nsa_200_years-2.html

Alex Chadwick, “At Odds over US Response to Torture by Iraqis,” National Public Radio, December 1, 2005,
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5034342

Daniel Ellsberg,
Secrets
:
A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers
(New York: Penguin, 2002)

George C. Herring, “My Years with the CIA,” Organization of American Historians newsletter, May 1997.

http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/C%20Disk/CIA%20Herring%20George/Item%2001.pdf

David Leigh and Maggie O'Kane, “Iraq War Logs: US turned over captives to Iraqi torture squads,”
The Guardian
, October 24, 2010
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oct/24/iraq-war-logs-us-iraqi-torture

Daniel Patrick Moynihan,
Secrecy: The American Experience
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998)

Denver Nicks, “Private Manning and the Making of Wikileaks,” This Land Press, September 23, 2010
http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/

Scott Shane, “Complaint Seeks Punishment for Overclassification of Documents,”
New York Times
, August 1, 2011.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/02/us/02secret.html

The Life of Bradley Manning

Gabriel Beltrone, “Mike Huckabee: Leaker should be executed,”
Politico
, November 30, 2010.
http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1110/45757.html

Angie Debo,
And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940)

Deutscher Bundestag, “Menschenrechtsausschuss protestiert gegen Haftbedingungen von Bradley Manning,” press release issued April 13, 2011.
http://www.bundestag.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2011/pm_1104132.html

Steve Fishman, “Bradley Manning's Army of One,”
New York Magazine
, July 3, 2011.

http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011–7/

Frontline, “The Private Life of Bradley Manning,” broadcast March 29, 2011 on WGBH, Boston,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/

Glenn Greenwald, “Joe Biden v. Joe Biden on WikiLeaks,”
Salon
, December 18, 2010.

http://www.salon.com/2010/12/18/wikileaks_22/

Greg Mitchell,“Ethan McCord on
New York Magazine
Profile of Manning: It ‘Erases' His Political Motives,”
The Nation
, July 10, 2011.
http://www.thenation.com/blog/161902/ethan-mccord-new-york-magazine-profilebradley-manning-it-erases-his-political-motives

Ellen Nakashina, “Bradley Manning is at the center of the WikiLeaks controversy. But who is he?”
Washington Post
, May 4, 2011.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_story.html

Denver Nicks, “Private Manning and the Making of Wikileaks,” This Land Press, September 23, 2010,
http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/

Maggie O'Kane, Chavala Madlena and Guy Grandjean, “Bradley Manning: the bullied outsider who knew US military's inner secrets,”
The Guardian
, May 27, 2011.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-us-military-outsider

Maggie O'Kane, Chavala Madlena and Guy Grandjean, “WikiLeaks accused Bradley Manning ‘should never have been sent to Iraq',”
The Guardian
, May 27, 2011.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-wikileaks-mentally-fragile

Maggie O'Kane, Chavala Madlena and Guy Grandjean, “Bradley Manning: fellow soldier recalls ‘scared, bullied kid',”
The Guardian
, May 28, 2011.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/28/bradley-manning-video-transcript-wikileaks

James Oliphant, “Protest over accused WikiLeaker disrupts Obama fundraiser,” Los Angeles
Times
, April 21, 2011.
http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/21/news/la-pn-obama-fundraiser-20110421

Ed Pilkington, “PJ Crowley resigns over Bradley Manning remarks,”
The Guardian
, March 13, 2011.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/13/pj-crowley-resigns-bradley-manning-remarks

Kevin Poulsen, “Ex-Hacker Adrian Lamo Institutionalized, Diagnosed with Asperger's,”
Wired
, May 20, 2010.
http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/05/lamo/

Joy Reid, “The Manning chat logs: TMI and corroboration of guilt,” The Reid Report, July 14, 2011.
http://blog.reidreport.com/2011/07/manning-chat-logs/

Peter Van Buren,
We Meant Well: How I Helped Lose the Battle for the Hearts and Minds of the Iraqi People
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2011)

Robert VerBruggen, “Abusing the WikiLeaker?” National Review Online, March 15, 2011.
http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/262195/abusing-wikileaker-robert-verbruggenœ

The Leaks

“Fundamental Review Yields Reduction in Scope of Secrecy,”
Secrecy News
, October 3, 2011.
http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2011/10/fcgr_reduction.html

Steven Aftergood, “Fundamental Review Yields Reduction in Scope of Secrecy,”
Secrecy News
, October 3, 2011.
http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2011/10/fcgr_reduction.html

“After WikiLeaks scolding, top offical says excess vice ministers are out,”
Dominican Today
, September 19, 2011,
http://www.dominicantoday.com/dr/local/2011/9/19/40976/After-WikiLeaks-scolding-top-official-says-excess-vice-ministers-are-out

Julian Assange,“What's new about WikiLeaks?”
New Statesman
, April 14, 2011.
http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2011/04/civil-war-wikileaks-newspapers

James Ball, “Guantánamo Bay files: Anti-extremist author framed and whisked to Cuba,”
The Guardian
, April 24, 2011.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/25/guantanamo-files-framed-author-mannan

Julian Borger, “Obama administration ‘supplied bunker-busting bombs to Israel,' ”
The Guardian
, September 27, 2011.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/julian-borger-global-security-blog/2011/sep/27/iran-nuclear-weapons

Elisabeth Bumiller, “Gates on Leaks, Wiki and Otherwise,”
New York Times
, November 30, 2010.
http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/gates-on-leaks-wiki-and-otherwise/

Mark Clayton, “WikiLeaks list of ‘critical' sites: Is it a ‘menu for terrorists'?” Christian Science Monitor, December 6, 2010.

http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Foreign-Policy/2010/1206/WikiLeaks-list-of-critical-sites-Is-it-a-menu-for-terrorists

John Cook, “Qaddafi's Son Is Bisexual and Other Things the
New York Times
Doesn't Want You to Know,” Gawker, September 16, 2011.
http://gawker.com/5840809/

Dan Coughlin and Kim Ives,“WikiLeaks Haiti: Let Them Live on $3 a Day,” June 1, 2011.
http://www.thenation.com/article/161057/wikileaks-haiti-let-them-live-3-day

Susan Crawford, “U.S. Falls Behind in Race Toward Open Government,” Bloomberg News, August 23, 2011.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-24/u-s-falls-behind-in-race-toward-open-government-susan-crawford.html

“Dick Marty rendition report condemns ‘cult of secrecy,'” BBC News, September 7, 2011.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14820145

Gianluca DiFeo and Stefania Maurizi, “Objective: enlist Wojtyla,”
L'Espresso
, April 22, 2011.
http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio/objective-enlist-wojtyla/2149821

“EEUU: Castresana dijo que el 25% de asesinatos en tiempos de Vielmann eran limpieza social,” Plaza Publica, September 19, 2011.

http://www.plazapublica.com.gt/content/eeuu-castresana-dijo-que-el-25-de-asesinatos-en-tiempos-de-vielmann-eran-limpieza-social

Peter Ford,“No retribution for WikiLeaks outing Chinese sources,”
The Christian Science Monitor
, September 13, 2011.
http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/no-retribution-wikileaks-outing-chinese-sources

Will Graff, “Manning peer sheds light on WikiLeaks: Former military intel analyst shares his thoughts on the motive of alleged leaks,” Western Front Online, April 15, 2011.

http://westernfrontonline.net/news/13331-manning-peer-sheds-light on-wikileaks-former-military-intel-analyst-shares-his-thoughts-on-the-motive-of-alleged-leaks

Elizabeth Goitein, “Bradley Manning didn't break the secrecy system,”
Salon
, December 13, 2011.

http://www.salon.com/2011/12/13/bradley_manning_didnt_break_the_secrecy_system/

Elizabeth Goitein and David M. Shapiro,
Reducing Overclassification Through Accountability
(New York: Brennan Center for Justice Report, 2011)
http://www.brennancenter.org/content/resource/reducing_overclassification_through_accountability/

Glenn Greenwald, “Secrecy, leaks and the real criminals,”
Salon
, August 26, 2011.
http://www.salon.com/2011/08/26/secrecy_10/

Glenn Greenwald, “Urgent Leak Investigation Needed,” Salon, March 24, 2011.
http://www.salon.com/2011/03/24/leak/singleton/

Glenn Greenwald, “Major new leak investigation needed into Pakistan revelations,”
Salon
, July 5, 2011.
http://www.salon.com/2011/07/05/leaks_2/

David Harrison,“Wikileaks: Civilians gunned down at checkpoints,”
The Daily Telegraph
, October 23, 2010.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/8082605/Wikileaks-Civilians-gunned-down-at-checkpoints.html

Michael Hastings, “Julian Assange: The Rolling Stone Interview,”
Rolling Stone
, January 18, 2012.
http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/julian-assange-the-rolling-stone-interview-20120118

“Huge Wikileaks release shows US ‘ignored Iraq torture,' ” BBC News, October 23, 2010.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11611319

Human Rights Watch, “Iraq: WikiLeaks Documents Describe Torture of Detainees,” press release, October 23, 2010.
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/10/24/iraq-wikileaks-documents-describe-torture-detainees

Bradley Klapper and Cassandra Vinograd,“AP review finds no threatened WikiLeaks sources,”Associated Press, September 10, 2011.
http://cnsnews.com/news/article/ap-review-finds-no-threatened-wikileaks-sources

The Brian Lehrer Show, “George Packer on Wikileaks and Julian Assange,” December 7, 2010.
http://www.wnyc.org/shows/bl/2010/dec/07/george-packer-foreign-policy/

David Leigh and Luke Harding,
Wikileaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy
(London: Guardian Books, 2011)

James Love,“Looking at WikiLeaks cables on pharmaceutical drugs and trade pressures,”
Le Monde diplomatique
, September 2011.
http://mondediplo.com/openpage/looking-at-wikileaks-cables-on-pharmaceutical

Tim Mak, “McCain: I didn't want arms for Qadhafi,” Politico, Augsut 29, 2011.

http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/62251.html

Ray McGovern, “Israel's Window to Bomb Iran,” Truthout, October 4, 2011.
http://www.truth-out.org/israels-window-bomb-iran/1317737241

Emile Mervin,“The people of Guyana have to be grateful for the WikiLeaks cables,” Stabrowek news, September 15, 2011.
http://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/opinion/letters/09/15/the-people-of-guyana-have-to-be-grateful-for-the-wikileaks-cables/

Daniel Patrick Moynihan,
Secrecy: The American Experience
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998)

Steven Lee Myers, “U.S. Envoy Puts Match to Bridges With Iraq Tell-All,”
New York Times
, October 7, 2011.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/08/world/us-envoy-peter-van-buren-takes-caustic-pen-to-iraq-war.html?pagewanted=all

Dana Priest and William M. Arkin,
Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State
(New York: Little, Brown, 2011)

Coleen Rowley and Bogdan Dzakovic, “WikiLeaks and 9/11: What if?”
Los Angeles Times
, October 15, 2010.
http://articles.latimes.com/2010/oct/15/opinion/la-oe-rowley-wikileaks-20101015

Eric Schmitt,“U.S. Envoy's Cables Show Worries on Afghan Plans,”
New York Times
, January 25, 2010.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/world/asia/26strategy.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1323097612-iRX1fsdEEVw 20fOANsoM0Q

Matthew Schofield, “WikiLeaks: Iraqi children in U.S. raid shot in head,”
Toronto Star
, August 31, 2011.

http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1047711—wikileaks-iraqi-children-in-u-s-raid-shot-in-head?bn=1

Razeshta Sethna, “Pakistani prisoners at Bagram wait for Justice,” Dawn, December 4, 2011.
http://www.dawn.com/2011/12/04/pakistani-prisoners-at-bagram-wait-for-justice.html