The Penguin History of Britain: New Worlds, Lost Worlds:The Rule of the Tudors 1485-1630 (68 page)

For Sidney’s thwarted enterprise see ‘A dedication to Sir Philip Sidney’ in
The Prose Works of Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke
, ed. J. Gouws (Oxford, 1986). The pioneering historian of England’s colonies in Ireland and America is D. B. Quinn: see D. B. Quinn and A. N. Ryan,
England’s Sea Empire, 1550–1642
(London, 1983) and its bibliographical essay; and D. B. Quinn,
England and the Discovery of America, 1481–1620
(New York, 1974). Spain’s contemporary reputation for oppression is studied in W. S. Maltby,
The Black Legend in England: The development of anti-Spanish sentiment, 1558–1660
(Durham, North Carolina, 1971).

For English colonial ventures, see the writings of the first propagandists of empire: Richard Hakluyt,
Discourse of Western Planting
, ed. D. B. Quinn and A. M. Quinn (London, 1993);
The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert
, ed. D. B. Quinn (2 vols., Hakluyt Society, London, 1940); T. Harriot,
A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia
… (London, 1588) in
The Roanoke Voyages, 1584–1590
, ed. D. B. Quinn (2 vols., Hakluyt Society, 2nd series, London, 1955); W. Ralegh,
The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana
in
Sir Walter Ralegh: Selected Writings
, ed. G. Hammond (Harmondsworth, 1986);
The Origins of Empire: British overseas enterprise to the close of the seventeenth century
, ed. N. Canny (The Oxford History of the British Empire, Oxford, 1998). Historians have noted parallels between English colonizing enterprises in Ireland and the New World: see D. B. Quinn,
The Elizabethans and the Irish
(Ithaca, 1966), especially Ch. 9; N. Canny,
Kingdom and Colony: Ireland in the Atlantic World, 1560–1800
(Baltimore, Maryland, 1988);
The Westward Enterprise
, ed. K. R. Andrews
et al
. (Manchester, 1978). Ciaran Brady has challenged the idea that Ireland was seen as a colonial frontier: ‘The road to the
View:
on the decline of reform thought in Tudor Ireland’ in
Spenser and Ireland
, ed. P. Coughlan (Cork, 1989). Sir Francis Drake’s
West Indian Voyage, 1585–1586
, ed. M. F. Freeler (Hakluyt Society, 2nd series, 148, London, 1981).

For the coming of the war with Spain, see
Calendar of State Papers, Foreign
; W. T. MacCaffrey,
Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588
(Princeton, 1988). K. R. Andrews,
Elizabethan Privateering: English privateering during the Spanish War, 1585–1603
(Cambridge, 1964) is an invaluable study of the war of plunder, and hence of sixteenth-century sea warfare in general. Leicester’s progress in the Netherlands can be traced in
Correspondence of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester… 1585 and 1586
, ed. J. Bruce (Camden Society, xxvii, London, 1844). See also R. C. Strong and J. A. van Dorsten,
Leicester’s Triumph
(Leiden and London, 1964). For Philip Sidney, as he lived and died, see K. Duncan-Jones,
Sir Philip Sidney: Courtier poet
(London, 1991).

The transformations in Elizabethan politics which came with war are explained by J. Guy, ‘The 1590s: The second reign of Elizabeth I?’ in
The reign of Elizabeth I: Court and culture in the last decade
, ed. Guy (Cambridge, 1995). The Babington plot is uncovered in
Calendar of State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots, AD, 1585–1586
; C. Read,
Mr. Secretary Walsingham and the policy of Queen Elizabeth
, vol. 3 (3 vols., Oxford, 1925). The debates in Parliament are found in
Proceedings in the Parliaments of Elizabeth I
, vol. 2,
1584–1589
, ed. T. E. Hartley (Leicester, 1995). See also P. Collinson,
The English Captivity of Mary, Queen of Scots
(Sheffield, 1987); and P. E. McCullough,
Sermons at Court: Politics and Religion in Elizabethan and Jacobean Preaching
(Cambridge, 1998).

A compelling and masterly account of the coming and the flight of the Spanish Armada, within the wider European context, is G. Mattingley’s classic,
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
(London, 1959). See also M. J. Rodriguez-Salgado and S. Adams,
England, Spain and the Gran Armada, 1584–1604
(Edinburgh, 1991); and C. Martin and G. Parker,
The Spanish Armada
(London, 1988). For the suborning of the English ambassador in Paris, see M. Leimon and G. Parker, ‘Treason and plot in Elizabethan diplomacy: The “fame” of Sir Edward Stafford reconsidered’,
English Historical Review
, cxi (1996). For the Armada’s arrival in Ireland, see
Calendar of Carew MSS, 1575–1588
; R. Bagwell,
Ireland under the Tudors
, vol. 3 (London, 1885–90); and L. Flanagan,
Irish Wrecks of the Spanish Armada
(Dublin, 1995). Contemporary comments upon the defeat are found in
Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1581–90
; and
The Great Enterprise: The history of the Spanish Armada, as revealed in contemporary documents
, ed. S. Usherwood (London, 1978). The Earl of Arundel’s treason is described in W. Camden,
The History of… Princess Elizabeth
(London, 1675 edn) for 1589.

The chapter title is taken from a work of 1597 which recounts a series of providential punishments: Thomas Beard,
The theatre of God’s judgements: Or a collection of histories
. For the rumours in Essex of a vagrant army, see W. Hunt,
The Puritan moment: The coming of revolution in an English county
(Cambridge, Mass. 1983); and for the rising that did not happen, J. Walter, ‘A “Rising of the people?”– the Oxfordshire rising of 1596’,
Past and Present
, 107 (1985).

Population figures for England are drawn from E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield,
The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A reconstruction
(London, 1981) and for London from V. Harding, ‘The Population of London, 1550–1700: A review of the published evidence’,
London Journal
, 15 (1990).

For the agrarian developments, see D. Palliser,
The Age of Elizabeth: England under the later Tudors, 1547–1603
(London, 1983); C. G. A. Clay,
Economic Expansion and Social Change: England, 1500–1700
(2 vols., Cambridge, 1984);
The Agrarian History of England and Wales
, vol. 4,
1500–1640
, ed. J. Thirsk (Cambridge, 1967); M. Spufford,
Contrasting Communities: English Villagers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
(Cambridge, 1974); J. Youings,
Sixteenth-Century England
(Harmondsworth, 1984); J. A. Yelling,
Common Field and Enclosure in England, 1450–1850
(London, 1977); and C. Platt,
The Great Rebuildings of Tudor and Stuart England
(London, 1994).

The perception and the reality of the crisis of the 1590s is studied in R. B. Outhwaite, ‘Dearth, the English Crown and the crisis of the 1590s’ and P. Clark, ‘A crisis contained? The condition of English towns in the 1590s’ in
The European Crisis of the 1590s
, ed. P. Clark (London, 1985); J. Sharpe, ‘Social strain and social dislocation, 1585–1603’ in
The reign of Elizabeth I: court and culture in the last decade
, ed. J. Guy (Cambridge, 1995); I. Archer,
The Pursuit of Stability: Social Relations in Elizabethan London
(Cambridge, 1991); S. J. Watts,
From Border to Middle Shire: Northumberland, 1586–1625
(Leicester, 1975); A. L. Beier,
Masterless Men: The vagrancy problem in England, 1560–1640
(London, 1985); A. Appleby,
Famine in Tudor and Stuart England
(Liverpool, 1978);
Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society
, ed. J. Walter and R. Schofield (Cambridge, 1989).

For the plague and its consequences P. Slack,
The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England
(London, 1985) is indispensable. The godly understanding of God’s will revealed in the natural world is explained in P. Lake,
Moderate Puritans and the Elizabethan Church
(Cambridge, 1982); and G. J. R. Parry,
A Protestant Vision: William Harrison and the Reformation of Elizabethan England
(Cambridge, 1987), Ch.7. Bacon’s remarks upon the plague are found in ‘Certain Observations made upon a libel published this present year, 1592’ in
The Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon
, vol. 1, ed. J. Spedding (London, 1861).

Of the many works upon witchcraft and the witch craze in England, K. V. Thomas,
Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in popular beliefs in sixteenth and seventeenth century England
(London, 1971); and A. Macfarlane,
Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England: A regional and comparative study
(London, 1970) are particularly important. A good introduction is J. Sharpe,
Instruments of Darkness: Witchcraft in England, 1550–1750
(London, 1996). William Perkins,
A discourse of the damned art of witchcraft
is printed in
The Work of William Perkins
, ed. I. Breward (Abingdon, 1970).

I have studied the A-text of Christopher Marlowe,
Doctor Faustus
, ed. D. Bevington and E. Rasmussen (Manchester, 1993). For John Dee’s life and thought, see his extraordinary diaries,
The Diaries of John Dee
, ed. E. Fenton (Charlbury, 1998); P. French,
John Dee: The world of an Elizabethan magus
(London, 1984 edn); and N. H. Clulee,
John Dee’s Natural Philosophy: Between Science and Religion
(London, 1988). Humphrey Gilbert’s visions are discovered in D. B. Quinn,
Explorers and Colonies: America, 1500–1625
(London, 1990), Ch. 12. For Elizabethan science and occult philosophy, see F. Yates,
Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition
(London, 1964) and
The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age
(London, 1979); and A. G. Debus,
The English Paracelsians
(New York, 1966). On Harriot, see especially
Thomas Harriot, Renaissance Scientist
, ed. J. W. Shirley (Oxford, 1974). Brilliant accounts of Christopher Marlowe, as he lived and died, are found in S. Greenblatt,
Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare
(Chicago and London, 1980); and C. Nicholl,
The Reckoning: The murder of Christopher Marlowe
(London, 1993 edn). For the Elizabethan cult of melancholy, see R. Strong,
The English Icon: Elizabethan and Jacobean Portraiture
(London, 1989). For one melancholic, see
The Poems of Robert Sidney
, ed. P. J. Croft (Oxford, 1984). The excesses of the nobility at court are described in L. Stone,
The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558–1641
(Oxford, 1965). For Fulke Greville and the arts of power, see D. Norbrook,
Poetry and Politics in the English Renaissance
(London, 1984), Ch. 6.

For the horoscope, see H. Gatti, ‘The Natural Philosophy of Thomas Harriot’ (Thomas Harriot Lecture, Oxford, 1993). The image of the Queen and the devotion demanded of her subjects are explored in R. Strong’s classic,
The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry
(London, 1999 edn) – here the identification of Essex with the
Young Man among Roses
is made. See also H. Hackett,
Virgin Mother, Maiden Queen: Elizabeth I and the Cult of the Virgin Mary
(Basingstoke, 1996 edn).

Ralegh and Essex reveal themselves in their letters and in their poetry: W. Devereux,
Lives and Letters of the Devereux, Earls of Essex, 1540–1646
(2 vols., London, 1853);
The Letters of Sir Walter Ralegh
, ed. A. Latham and J. Youings (Exeter, 1999); and
The Poems of Sir Walter Ralegh
, ed. A. Latham (London and Cambridge, Mass., revised edn, 1951). Essex’s preoccupation with the cult of honour is examined in an illuminating essay by M. E. James: ‘At a crossroads of the political culture: The Essex revolt, 1601’ in his
Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England
(Cambridge, 1986). For Ralegh and the twelve-year war, see ‘The Ocean to Cynthia’ in his
Poems;
and W. Oakeshott,
The Queen and the Poet
(London, 1960).

To understand the preoccupations and politics of the 1590s, contemporary letters and memoirs are indispensable: the letters from his agents in London to Sir Robert Sidney in
Letters and Memorials of State
, ed. A. Collins (2 vols., London, 1746);
The Letters of Queen Elizabeth I
, ed. G. B. Harrison (London, 1935);
Calendar of the MSS of the Marquess of Salisbury at Hatfield House
, vols. 4–12 (London, 1883–1976);
The Letters of John Chamberlain
(2 vols., Philadelphia, 1939);
Manuscripts of the Earl of Ancaster preserved at Grimsthorpe
(Dublin, 1907);
The Letters and Life of Francis Bacon
, vols. 1–2, ed. J. Spedding (London, 1868);
The Memoirs of Robert Carey
, ed. F. H. Mares (Oxford, 1972); and
Letters and Epigrams of Sir John Harington
, ed. N. M. McClure (Oxford, 1930).

For the politics, foreign and domestic, of Elizabeth’s last years, William Camden’s
The History of… Princess Elizabeth
(3rd edn, London, 1675) is a vital source, for he witnessed many of the events. Important studies are W. T. MacCaffrey,
Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588–1603
(Princeton, 1992); R. B. Wernham, ‘Elizabethan War aims and strategy’ in
Elizabethan Government and Society
, ed. S. T. Bindoff
et al
. (London, 1961),
After the Armada: Elizabethan England and the Struggle for Western Europe, 1588–1595
(Oxford, 1984) and
The Return of the Armadas: The last years of the Elizabethan War against Spain, 1595–1603
(Oxford, 1994); C. Read,
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth
(London, 1960);
The reign of Elizabeth I: Court and culture in the last decade
, ed. J. Guy (Cambridge, 1995).

For France as the ‘theatre of misery’ see Bacon’s ‘Observations made upon a Libel, 1592’ in his
Letters and Life
, vol. 1; J. H. M. Salmon,
Society in Crisis: France in the Sixteenth Century
(London, 1979); P. Benedict,
Rouen during the wars of religion
(Cambridge, 1981); and H. Lloyd,
The Rouen Campaign, 1590–1592: Politics, warfare and the early modern state
(Oxford, 1973).

For the alleged
regnum Cecilianum
or kingdom of the Cecils, and the resentment of it, see J. E. Neale, ‘The Elizabethan Political Scene’ in his
Essays in Elizabethan History
(London, 1958), and N. Mears, ‘
Regnum Cecilianum?
a Cecilian perspective of the Court’ and P. E. J. Hammer, ‘Patronage at Court, faction and the Earl of Essex’ in
The reign of Elizabeth I: Court and culture in the last decade
, ed. J. Guy (Cambridge, 1995); and P. E. J. Hammer, ‘The Uses of Scholarship: The Secretariat of Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex,
c
. 1585–1601’,
English Historical Review
, cix (1994).

Calendar of State Papers, Ireland and Calendar of Carew MSS
contain important letters and reports upon Ireland. Essential for understanding the history of Ireland in the 1580s, and the failures of English governors there, are C. Brady,
The Chief Governors: The rise and fall of reform government in Tudor Ireland, 1536–1588
(Cambridge, 1994) andH. Morgan,
Tyrone’s Rebellion: The outbreak of the Nine Years War in Ireland
(Woodbridge, 1993), which explains the origins of the greatest rebellion the Tudors ever faced. For the divisions at the English court which continued to undermine the governors of Ireland, see H. Morgan, ‘The Fall of Sir John Perrot’ in
The reign of Elizabeth I
, ed. J. Guy. The Munster plantation and the aspirations of the planters are explored by M. MacCarthy-Morrogh,
The Munster Plantation: English Migration to Southern Ireland, 1583–1641
(Oxford, 1986); and N. Canny,
The Upstart Earl: A study of the social and mental world of Richard Boyle, first Earl of Cork, 1566–1643
(Cambridge, 1982). Edmund Spenser’s
View of the Present State of Ireland
, ed. W. L. Renwick (Oxford, 1970) is essential, and to understand how he came to it, C.Brady, ‘Spenser’s Irish crisis: Humanism and experience in the 1590s’,
Past and Present
, 111 (1986). For the freebooters, see C. Brady, ‘The captains’ games: Army and society in Elizabethan Ireland’ in
A Military History of Ireland
, ed. T. Bartlett and K. Jeffery (Cambridge, 1996); and M. O’Dowd,
Power, Politics and Land: Early Modern Sligo, 1568–1688
(Belfast, 1991).

The Queen’s growing impatience with her puritan subjects was expressed in Parliament:
Proceedings in the Parliaments of Elizabeth I
, vol. 3,
1593–1601
, ed. T. E. Hartley (Leicester, 1995). J. Guy, ‘The Elizabethan establishment and the ecclesiastical polity’ in
The reign of Elizabeth I
, ed. Guy. The challenges from and to the puritans, and the development of presbyterianism are best explained in P. Collinson’s classic
The Elizabethan Puritan Movement
(London, 1963). See also P. Lake,
Moderate Puritans and the Elizabethan Church
(Cambridge, 1982) and
Anglicans and Puritans? Presbyterianism and English Conformist Thought from Whitgift to Hooker
(London, 1988); H. C. Porter,
Puritanism in Tudor England
(London, 1970);
The Presbyterian movement in the reign of Queen Elizabeth as illustrated by the minute book of the Dedham Classis, 1582–1589
, ed. R. G. Usher (Camden Society, 3rd series, 8, 1905); and D. MacCulloch,
Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County, 1500–1600
(Oxford, 1986). For Martin Marprelate and his effect, see L. H. Carlson,
Martin Marprelate, Gentleman: Master Job Throckmorton Laid Open in his Colors
(San Marino, 1981); and P. Collinson, ‘Ecclesiastical vitriol: Religious satire in the 1590s and the invention of puritanism’ in
The reign of Elizabeth I
, ed. Guy. For the crisis of 1593, see P. Collinson, ‘Hooker and the Elizabethan establishment’ in
Richard Hooker and the Construction of a Christian Community
, ed. A. S. McGrade (Tempe, Arizona, 1997).

For John Donne, see
The Complete English Poems
, ed. C. A. Patrides (London, 1985); and J. Carey,
John Donne: Life, Mind and Art
(London, 1990 edn). Tresham’s triangular lodge is described in N. Pevsner,
The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire
(2nd edn, Harmondsworth, 1973).

Robert Southwell’s spiritual mission is explained in his
An humble supplication to Her Maiestie in answere to the late proclamation
(1595, reprinted Menston, 1973); see also
The Poems of Robert Southwell
, ed. J. H. MacDonald and N. Pollard Brown (Oxford, 1967). The ways in which Catholics considered their position are discussed in P. Holmes,
Resistance and Compromise: The Political Thought of Elizabethan Catholics
(Cambridge, 1982) and
Elizabethan Casuistry
(Catholic Record Society, lxvii, 1981); A. Pritchard,
Catholic Loyalism in Elizabethan England
(London, 1979); L. Wooding, Rethinking
Catholicism in Reformation England
(Oxford, 2000); and A. Walsham,
Church papists: Catholicism, conformity and confessional polemic in early modern England
(Woodbridge, 1993). One of the best local studies of Catholicism is J. C. H. Aveling,
Northern Catholics: The Catholic Recusants of the North Riding of Yorkshire, 1558–1790
(London, 1966). J. Bossy, ‘The character of Elizabethan Catholicism’,
Past and Present
, 21 (1962) is an illuminating study. For understanding the transformations in English Protestantism, H. C. Porter,
Reformation and Reaction in Tudor Cambridge
(Cambridge, 1958) and N. Tyacke,
Anti-Calvinists: The rise of English Arminianism
, c.
1590–1640
(Oxford, 1987) are indispensable.

For Essex’s ‘violent courses’, the correspondence in
Letters and Memorials of State
, ed. A. Collins and
The Letters and Life of Francis Bacon
, ed. J. Spedding are important. See also the essays by Mears and Hammer in
The reign of Elizabeth I
, ed. J. Guy; and R. McCoy,
The Rites of Knighthood
(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1989). Essex’s strategy in European affairs is discussed in P. Hammer, ‘Essex and Europe: Evidence from confidential instructions by the Earl of Essex, 1595–6’,
English Historical Review
, cxi (1996); and L. W. Henry, ‘The Earl of Essex as strategist and military organiser (1596–7)’,
ibid
., lxviii (1953). The Cadiz expedition and the Islands voyage are described by Wernham,
The Return of the Armadas
; and P. E. J. Hammer, ‘Myth-making: Politics, propaganda and the capture of Cadiz in 1596’,
Historical Journal
, xl (1997). For Essex and his friends, M. James, ‘At a crossroads of the political culture: The Essex revolt, 1601’ and D. Wootton, ‘Francis Bacon: Your flexible friend’ in
The World of the Favourite
, ed. J. H. Elliott and L. W. B. Brockliss (New Haven and London, 1999); and R. A. Rebholz,
The Life of Fulke Greville, first Lord Brooke
(Oxford, 1971) are important. Camden described Essex’s quarrel with the Queen in
The History of Princess Elizabeth
. Andrewes’s minatory sermon is found in
Ninety-six sermons by the Rt. Hon. and Revd. Father in God, Lancelot Andrewes
, ed. J. P. Parkinson and J. P. Wilson (Oxford, 1843).

For the war in Ireland, the
Calendar of State Papers, Ireland; Calendar of Carew MSS, 1589–1600
and
1601–1603
;
The Itinerary of Fynes Moryson
, vols. 2 and 3 (Glasgow, 1907);
Ireland under Elizabeth… by Don Philip
O’Sullivan Bear
, trans. M. J. Byrne (Dublin, 1903); and
Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters
, ed. J. O’Donovan (3rd edn, Dublin, 1998) are essential. Important studies of the war are H. Morgan,
Tyrone’s Rebellion: The outbreak of the Nine Years War in Ireland
; C. Falls,
Elizabeth’s Irish Wars
(London, 1950); J. McGurk,
The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: The 1590s crisis
(Manchester, 1997); ‘A Supplication of the Blood of the English most lamentably murdered in Ireland, cryeng out of the yearth for revenge’, ed. W. Maley,
Analecta Hibernica
, 36 (1994); and A. J. Sheehan, ‘The overthrow of the plantation of Munster in October 1598’,
Irish Sword
, xv (1982–3).

Essex’s moves to conspiracy and revolt are discovered in
Correspondence of King James VI of Scotland with Sir Robert Cecil and others in England
, ed. J. Bruce (Camden Society, 78, London, 1861); ‘A declaration of the practices and treasons… by Robert, late Earl of Essex’ in
The Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon
, vol. 2; Camden,
The History of Princess Elizabeth; Calendar of the MSS… at Hatfield House
, vol. 11; and M. James, ‘At a cross roads of the aristocratic culture: The Essex revolt, 1601’.

For the end of the Nine Years War, see H. Morgan, ‘Faith and Fatherland or Queen and Country? An unpublished exchange between O’Neill and the state at the height of the Nine Years War’,
Dúiche Néill: Journal of the O’Neill Country Historical Society
, 9 (1994), ‘The end of Gaelic Ulster: A thematic interpretation of events between 1534 and 1610’,
Irish Historical Studies
, xxvi (1988) and ‘Hugh O’Neill and the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland’,
Historical Journal
, xxxvi (1993); N. Canny, ‘Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and the changing face of Gaelic Ulster’,
Studia Hibernica
, 10 (1970); M. Caball, ‘Faith, culture and sovereignty: Irish nationality and development, 1558–1625’ in
British Consciousness and Identity: The making of Britain, 1533–1707
, ed. B. Bradshaw and P. Roberts (Cambridge, 1998); J. J. Silke,
Kinsale: The Spanish intervention in Ireland at the end of the Elizabethan Wars
(Liverpool and New York, 1970); and ‘Bodley’s visit to Lecale, County of Down,
AD
1602–3’,
Ulster Journal of Archaeology
, 2 (1854). Thomas Stafford,
Pacata Hibernia
, ed. S. O’Grady (2 vols, London, 1896) is an account of the suppression of the revolt in Munster by Sir George Carew, 1600–3. For the bards’ laments for their loss, see O. Bergin,
Irish Bardic Poetry
(Dublin, 1970).

Robert Carey was present as the Queen was dying: see his
Memoirs
. The anxieties that attended her death and James’s accession are described in
Correspondence of King James VI of Scotland with Sir Robert Cecil
, ed. J. Bruce.