The Plantagenets (87 page)

Favent, Thomas, 554

Feast of the Swans, 351–2, 358–9, 363, 379–80

feudal incidents, 184–5

Fitz Alan barony, 206

Fitzalan, Thomas, former archbishop of Canterbury, 579

Fitzalan family,
see
Arundel

FitzNigel, Richard, 91, 202

Fitzstephen, Thomas, 4

Fitzstephen, William, 47, 59, 61, 62

Fitzwalter, Robert, 198–9, 210, 211

Flanders: alliance with Richard I, 182; Becket’s flight to, 70; dispute over lordship, 495; Edward I’s campaign (1297), 344, 359; Edward III’s campaigns, 457, 462, 463, 473; English campaign (1383), 544; English tactics, 456; fall to Burgundy, 544; French sovereignty, 265; French threat from, 133, 140; Gaveston’s exile, 373; John’s renunciation of alliance, 156; Longchamp’s flight to, 126; shipping war, 330; Sluys naval battle (1340), 458–60, 464; wealth, 122, 509; wool and cloth trade, 122, 454, 491, 544

Flanders, counts of: (1154), 40; (1214), 206, 208; (1297), 341; (1340), 453;
see also
Baldwin, Louis de Male, Philip, Thomas of Savoy

Flint castle, 303, 311–12

Flores Historiarum
chronicle, 403

Foliot, Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, 51, 69

Folville gang, 444

Fontevraud, abbey church, 109, 147, 151, 159, 174–5

Fordham, Sir John, 548

forest eyres, 183–4

Fornham, battle (1173), 88

Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, 62, 63, 68, 93, 110, 131

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 238, 242, 246, 254, 321

French language: Balliol’s oath to Edward I, 328; Canterbury’s sermon, 420; change to English, 505, 600–1; Edward II’s coronation oath, 363; Edward III’s use of, 442; Henry II’s use of, 45, 600; Occitan, 27, 45, 600; open letter to London citizens, 413; proclamations in, 262; translations into English, 558

Froissart, Jean: on Bolingbroke’s exile, 576; on Crécy battle, 475; on English attitude to war, 564; on Gloucester, 565; on Joan of Kent, 485; on Limoges sack, 518–19; on Philippa of Hainault, 516; presentation to Richard II, 558; on Sluys naval battle, 459

Fulk III the Black, count of Anjou, 12

Fulk V, count of Anjou, king of Jerusalem, 4, 11, 110

Gaillon, siege (1197), 143

Galeazzo, duke of Milan, 573

Garter, Order of the, 486–9, 594, 595, 598

Gascony: Black Prince in, 514; Castilian invasion, 175, 179; castles for Gaveston, 366; de Montfort’s lieutenancy, 248–50, 251; defences, 291, 430; dowry for Henry II’s daughter, 84, 175; Edward I’s campaign, 332–3, 334–5, 341–4; Edward I’s homage for, 331; Edward I’s reform programme, 321–2; Edward II’s homage for, 361; English position (1380s), 543; English victories, 493; expulsion of Jews, 322; finances, 254, 430; forces from, 307, 308; French confiscation (1337), 455–6; French invasion (1324), 408–9; French invasion (1339), 455–6; French negotiations, 389, 410; French position (1348), 479, 481; French threat, 324, 447; granted to Edward of Caernarfon, 351; granted to the Lord Edward, 250; Henry III’s status, 264; Henry Grosmont’s expedition (1345), 471, 472; Lancaster’s campaigns (1346, 1349–50), 477, 487, 491; lordship, 27; Lusignan invasion, 226; papal loan against duchy, 382; peace opportunity, 380; Plantagenet recapture (1225), 228; Plantagenet territory, 209, 238, 243, 543; Plantagenet victories, 493; rebellion, 293; trade war, 330; truce (1325), 410; truce of Esplechin (1340), 464; wine trade, 228

Gaveston, Piers: appearance, 359; banished by Edward I, 352, 360; burial, 387–8, 595; capture, 374–5; career, 359, 360; character, 359, 368; daughter, 373; death, 376–7, 381, 390, 551; earldom of Cornwall, 360–1, 367, 373, 449, 451; Edward II’s coronation, 363–5, 367; excommunication, 365, 367, 374, 377, 387; exile, 365–6, 372–3; marriage, 360; Ponthieu county issue, 357; popular anger against, 367–8; Regent of England, 361; relationship with Edward II, 351, 359–60, 363–4, 367, 542; return from exile, 367–8, 373

Gawain
poet, 504, 601

Geoffrey, archbishop of York, 124–7

Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, son of Henry II: birth, 49; character, 102; conflict with father, 102; death, 104–5, 125, 142; duchy of Brittany, 102, 104; heirs, 106, 125, 142, 150; inheritance, 102, 104; Le Mans meeting, 102; marriage, 75, 91; peace terms with father, 91; rebellion against father, 83–6; relationship with Philip II, 104–5

Geoffrey le Baker, 359, 420, 459

Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 152, 182

Geoffrey de Mandeville, earl of Essex, 206, 211

Geoffrey of Monmouth, 297–8

Geoffrey of Norwich, 199

Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou: appearance and character, 11; claim to Norman border castles, 15–16; death, 25; disinherited by Stephen, 14; duke of Normandy, 19; family background, 12; knighted, 11; marriage, 11–12; Normandy campaigns, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23–4, 139; sons, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23–4, 25

Geoffrey Plantagenet the Younger (son of above): childhood, 15, 20; count of Nantes, 52; death, 52; Eleanor kidnap plans, 29–30, 31; rebellions against brother, 37, 51–2, 263

George, St: banner of, 490, 596, 598; battle cry, 491, 594; cross of, 490, 573, 598; cult of, 559, 594, 595–6; feast day, 313, 485, 488, 489, 500; Garter order, 489, 500, 595; on great seal, 490

Gerald of Wales, 23, 46, 80, 102, 108, 308

Gerard de Furneval, 184

Germany, king of, 332, 341, 345

Gervase of Canterbury, 40, 85, 107, 155, 157

Gesta Stephani
(
The Acts of Stephen
): on end of civil war, 36; on Eustace, 38; on Malmesbury defence, 32; on mercenaries, 34; on Stephen’s accession, 15; on Stephen’s appointment of successor, 39; on Stephen’s destruction of countryside, 20

Ghent, 345, 452–3, 455–6, 457

Gisors, castle, 133, 140, 144, 145

Glamorgan, lordship of, 396, 404

Glanvill, Ranulf, 137, 181

Glastonbury, tomb of Arthur, 239, 298, 304, 442

Gloucester: abbey, 219, 427–8, 561, 595; capture (1321), 398; council (1234), 233–4; siege (1264), 283

Gloucester, duke of,
see
Thomas of Woodstock

Gloucester, earldom, 396, 404

Gloucester, earls of,
see
Audley (Hugh the younger), de Clare (Gilbert), de Clare (Richard), Despenser (Thomas), Robert (earl of Gloucester)

Godwin, Earl, 234

Gower, John, 504, 558, 570, 601

Gower, lordship, 396–7, 404

Graçay, 156

Gray, John de, bishop of Norwich, 188

Gray, Sir Thomas, 384

Gray, Sir Thomas (son of above), 440

Great War (1173–4), 86, 91, 93–4, 96–8, 124, 599

Grim, Edward, 67, 71

Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn, 307

Gruffudd Llwyd, 399, 414

Guala Bicchieri, Cardinal, 215, 220, 221, 224

Guines, peace talks (1354), 494–5, 497

Gurdon, Adam, 285

Gurney, Sir Thomas, 427

Guthred MacWilliam, 197

Guy of Flanders, 453

Hagenau, palace of, 131

Hagnaby chronicle, 333

Hainault, count of, 413, 426, 455

Hales, treasurer, 536–7

Halidon Hill, battle (1333), 446, 474, 597

Harclay, Sir Andrew, earl of Carlisle, 400, 403, 405, 449

Harlech castle, 312

Harold Godwinsson, 234

Harwich, town charter (1238), 600

Hastings, John, earl of Pembroke, 519

Hastings, Laurence, earl of Pembroke, 408

Hatfield, Thomas, bishop of Durham, 472

Hattin, battle (1187), 110

Hawarden castle, 306

Haxey, Thomas, 564–5

Henry, count of Champagne, 129

Henry, earl of Lancaster, brother of Thomas: capture of Edward II and Despenser, 416; Edward II’s abdication, 420; Edward II’s coronation, 363; knighting of Edward III, 422; opposition to Isabella and Mortimer, 429, 430, 468; restoration of family lands and titles, 423; support for Isabella and Mortimer, 415

Henry Grosmont, earl of Lancaster, duke of Lancaster: Avignon peace negotiations, 495; Becket relics, 589; death, 508; earl of Derby, 451; finances, 461; French campaign (1359–60), 499; Garter order, 487; Gascony campaigns, 471, 472–3, 477, 491; lieutenant of Aquitaine, 471; Normandy campaign (1356), 496; opponents, 511; Scottish campaign (1333–7), 446, 447; titles, 472–3, 546; tournaments, 485; Winchelsea sea battle (1350), 492

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, 10, 73

Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 117, 131, 132, 134, 139, 144

Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, 362

Henry I, king of England and duke of Normandy: accession, 15; character, 23; Charter of Liberties, 210, 235; children, 3–4, 10, 73; coronation, 210; death, 13–14; reign, 9–10, 16; son William’s death in the
White Ship
, 7–8; succession, 4–5, 8, 10–12, 14–15, 21; tomb, 49

Henry II, king of England and duke of Normandy: accession, 40; aims of his reign, 94; appearance and character, 22–3, 39, 45–6, 151, 160; arrival in England (1149), 22, 24–5; Arthur legend, 239, 298; Ballan peace terms (1189), 108, 109; Becket appointment as archbishop, 63–4; Becket murder, 78–9, 89; Becket relationship, 58, 60, 62, 63–70, 72, 76–8; birth, 12; brother Geoffrey’s rebellions, 37, 51–2; career, 37; castles, 94–5; Charter of Liberties, 210; childhood, 15, 18, 20–1,
22; children, 45, 47, 48–9, 73, 83–4, 124, 480; claim to English throne, 24; Compromise of Avranches, 80–1; conflict with son Henry, 101–3; conquests, 169; coronation, 45; coronation charter, 45, 50; court, 46–7, 60–1, 93–4; death, 108, 109; death of son Geoffrey, 104–5; death of son Henry, 103; duke of Normandy, 25; education, 22, 45; father’s death, 25; finances, 67; government, 49–50, 96–8, 138, 181, 183, 214; Great War (1173–4), 86, 91, 93–4, 96–8, 124, 599; heir to Stephen, 39; homage to Louis VII for Normandy, 25, 52, 57, 156, 263; horsemanship, 24, 46–7; invasion of England (1147), 23; Irish campaign, 79–80, 599; king of England, 40–1; kingship, 560; knighted, 25; languages, 45, 600; Le Mans meeting, 102; marriage, 26, 30–1, 506; mercenary forces, 23, 33–4, 87, 88, 91; Normandy estates policy, 177; old age, 100, 107–8; peace terms with sons, 91; peace terms with Stephen, 36, 37–40, 51; penance for Becket’s death, 89–90, 596; plot against, 40; rebellions of Plantagenet family against him, 82–92, 107–8, 124; relationship with Church, 63–70, 77–9, 80–1, 88; relationship with Philip II, 105–8; Scottish achievements, 92, 598–9; supporters, 33, 34–5, 87–8; territories, 74–6; tomb, 174; Toulouse campaign, 54–8, 302, 597; training in warfare, 23–4; treatment of rebels, 284; warfare, 182, 597; Welsh campaigns, 53, 56; will, 99

Henry III, king of England: accession, 219; aims, 226, 250, 254; appearance, 236, 245, 247, 357; artistic patronage, 236–7; birth, 186; character, 219–20, 231, 234, 265–6; children, 241, 255, 263; coinage, 244, 251, 266, 316; confrontation with barons (1258), 258–60; coronations, 219, 225, 427–8; crusading plans, 254–5; cult of Edward the Confessor, 234–5, 236, 241, 246, 266, 298; death, 293; Evesham battle, 280, 281; favourites, 252–3, 258; finances, 243, 250–2, 254–6; French invasion (1216–17), 220–3; government, 230–4, 262–3, 271–2; homage to Louis IX, 263–4, 453; homage to pope, 220; invasions of France (1229, 1230), 230; minority, 527, 531; motto, 250–1; old age, 265–7; piety, 219, 234–5, 236, 244–7, 263, 266, 288, 584; Poitou expedition, 243, 248; Provisions of Oxford, 261–2; puppet king, 275, 276; relationship with barons, 252–3, 258–62; relationship with Simon de Montfort, 239–40, 242–3, 248–50; Sicilian project, 254, 255–7; territories, 264; tomb, 427; treatment of Jews, 320, 321; treatment of rebels, 284, 285, 287; vision of kingship, 246–7, 254, 266; war against Simon de Montfort, 272–4; Westminster presentation of blood of Christ, 244–7

Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke), king of England: accession, 586–7, 589–90, 591, 592; Appellant revolt, 552, 553, 554, 555, 568, 569, 571, 579; banished by Richard II, 574, 576, 578–9, 591; claim to throne, 591–2; coronation, 587, 589; deposition of Richard II, 585–7, 591, 592; exile in France, 577–8; father’s death, 577; imprisonment of Richard II, 583; invasion of England, 580–1; Lancaster inheritance, 577; Lancaster inheritance confiscated by Richard II, 578–9; Mowbray dispute, 571–2, 576; Peasants’ Revolt, 533, 537, 579; plot against, 590; Richard II’s death, 591; Richard II’s surrender, 581–2; sentence of perpetual banishment, 578, 591; supporters, 580, 581, 583; titles, 569; trial by battle, 571, 572–4

Henry V, king of England, 222, 590, 594, 595, 598

Henry VI, king of England, 594

Henry VII, king of England, 592

Henry VIII, king of England, 61, 592, 596