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Authors: Michelle Bamberger,Robert Oswald

Tags: #Nature, #Environmental Conservation & Protection, #Medical, #Toxicology, #Political Science, #Public Policy, #Environmental Policy

The Real Cost of Fracking (33 page)

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12
. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Right-to-Know Law Request No. 111012, Veterinary Report Dated June 24, 2010: Memo to Dr. Anthony Labarbera from Dr. Amy Nestlerodt. Subject: Frac Water Holding Pond Still on Beef Farm in Tioga County.

13
. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, “Toxic Substances Portal: Strontium.”

14
. T. Colborn, C. Kwiatkowski, K. Schultz, and M. Bachran, “Natural Gas Operations from a Public Health Perspective,”
International Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
17 (2011): 1039–56.

15
. Ibid.

16
. M.B. Adams, “Land Application of Hydrofracturing Fluids Damages a Deciduous Forest Stand in West Virginia,”
Journal of Environmental Quality
40 (2011): 1340–44.

SEVEN: SHARON AND WADE

1
. US Department of Agriculture, “USDA Census of Agriculture,” accessed December 15, 2013,
www.agcensus.usda.gov/index.php
.

2
. Cornell Cooperative Extension, “Calf Diseases and Prevention,” January 14, 2011,
www.extension.org/pages/15695/calf-diseases-and-prevention
; S. Godden, “Calf Health Management,”
http://www.prpc.cog.tx.us/Programs/RegionalServices/Calf-Ranch-Industry/PRPC_CalfRanch/bioref/calf%20health%20managment%20godden.pdf
.

3
. H.S. Thomas, “BVD Is the Most Costly Viral Disease in Cattle,”
Cattle Today
, October 2006,
www.cattletoday.com/archive/2006/October/CT642.shtml
; H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, “An Ocular-Cerebellar Syndrome Caused by Congenital Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection,”
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
25 (1984): 36–49.

4
. T. Colborn, C. Kwiatkowski, K. Schultz, and M. Bachran, “Natural Gas Operations from a Public Health Perspective,”
International Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
17 (2011): 1039–56; The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), “Health Effects Spreadsheet and Summary,”
http://endocrinedisruption.org/chemicals-in-natural-gas-operations/chemicals-and-health
; IPIECA, “Drilling Fluids and Health Risk Management,” September 2009,
www.ipieca.org/publication/drilling-fluids-and-health-risk-management
; C.D. Kassotis, D.E. Tillitt, J. Wade Davis, A.M. Hormann, and S.C. Nagel, “Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities of Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Surface and Ground Water in a Drilling-Dense Region,”
Endocrinology
(2014): doi:10.1210/en.2013-1697.

EIGHT: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

1
. EPA, “Environmental Justice,” last updated November 19, 2013,
http://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/
.

2
. J. M. Barth, “The Economic Impact of Shale Gas Development on State and Local Economies: Benefits, Costs, and Uncertainties,”
New Solutions
23 (2013): 85–101.

3
. US Supreme Court, Reynolds v. Sims, 377 US 533 (1964),
http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/377/533/case.html
.

4
. New York State, Environmental Conservation Law, “Environmental Conservation,” section 23-0303, “Administration of Article,” accessed December 15, 2013,
http://law.oncle.com/new-york/environmental-conservation/ENV023-0303_23-0303.html
.

5
. State of New York Supreme Court Appellate Division Third Judicial Department, In the Matter of Norse Energy Corporation USA v. Town of Dryden et al., Dryden Resources Awareness Coalition, decided and entered May 2, 2013,
http://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/Dryden-Decision.pdf
.

6
. “Norse Energy Corp ASA Announces Liquidation of United States Units-DJ,” Reuters, October 11, 2013,
http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/NEC.OL/key-developments/article/2846203
.

7
. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, “Act 13 of 2012,” accessed December 15, 2013,
www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/act_13/20789
.

8
. President Judge Pellegrini (2012) Robinson Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, Brian Coppola, Individually and in His Official Capacity as Supervisor of Robinson Township, Township of Nockamixon, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Township of South Fayette, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Peters Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, David M. Ball, Individually and in His Official Capacity as Councilman of Peters Township, Township of Cecil, Washington County, Pennsylvania, Mount Pleasant Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, Borough of Yardley, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Delaware Riverkeeper Network, Maya Van Rossum, the Delaware Riverkeeper, Mehernosh Khan, MD, Petitioners v. Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, Robert F. Powelson, in His Official Capacity as Chairman of the Public Utility Commission, Office of the Attorney General of Pennsylvania, Linda L. Kelly, in Her Official Capacity as Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Michael L. Krancer, in His Official Capacity as Secretary of the Department of Environmental Protection, Respondents, filed July 26, 2012,
http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/404267/stateimpact-pennsylvania-act-13-ruling.pdf
.

9
. M. Kakareka, “Lawsuit Dropped Against Town of Sanford,”
Time Warner Cable News
,
Central New York
, April 18, 2013,
http://centralny.ynn.com/content/top_stories/657645/lawsuit-dropped-against-town-of-sanford/
.

10
. G. Ball, “New York State Senator Greg Ball,” accessed December 15, 2013,
www.nysenate.gov/senator/greg-ball
.

11
. White House, “Obama Administration Announces Comprehensive Strategy for Energy Security,” news release, March 31, 2010,
www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/obama-administration-announces-comprehensive-strategy-energy-security
.

NINE: CLAIRE AND JASON

1
. EPA, “Investigation of Ground-Water Contamination near Pavillion, Wyoming,” 2011,
www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/wy/pavillion/Nov30–2011_WorkgroupPresentation.pdf
.

2
. Fisher Scientific, “Material Safety Data Sheet: Bentonite,”
http://www.fishersci.in/msds/Bentonitepowder.pdf
.

3
. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, “Toxicological Profile for Benzene,” August 2007,
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp3-p.pdf
.

4
. Platelet Research Laboratory, “Platelet Function,” last updated July 28, 2013,
www.platelet-research.org/1/function_hemo.htm
.

5
. American Red Cross, “Guide for Shelter Managers,” February 1988,
www.region4a-mrc.org/documents/2009march/AMERICAN RED CROSS GUIDE FOR SHELTER MANAGERS.htm
.

6
. Many intensively drilled communities are in need of water donations: Water for Woodlands, “Water Needed,” accessed December 15, 2013,
https://sites.google.com/site/waterforwoodlands/home
; Western Resource Advocates, “Fracking Our Future: Where’s the Water?” accessed December 15, 2013,
www.westernresourceadvocates.org/frackwater/
; Citizens for Clean Water ([email protected]); Berks Gas Truth, home page, accessed December 15, 2013,
www.gastruth.org
.

EPILOGUE

1
. Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, Case AI No. 164544, 2010,
http://edms.deq.louisiana.gov/app/doc/querydef.aspx
.

2
. J. Karha and E. J. Topol, “The Sad Story of Vioxx, and What We Should Learn from It,”
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
71 (2004): 933–39.

3
.
Toxic Ignorance
(Washington, DC: Environmental Defense Fund, 1997),
www.edf.org
.

4
. Climate Central,
Global Weirdness: Severe Storms, Deadly Heat Waves, Relentless Drought, Rising Seas, and the Weather of the Future
(New York: Pantheon Books, 2013).

5
. D. T. Shindell et al., “Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions,”
Science
326 (2009): 716–18.

6
. “Energy: Deep Sigh of Relief,”
Economist
, March 16, 2013,
www.economist.com/news/special-report/21573279-shale-gas-and-oil-bonanza-transforming-americas-energy-outlook-and-boosting-its%60
.

7
. A. Nikiforuk,
The Energy of Slaves: Oil and the New Servitude
(Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2012).

8
. International Monetary Fund, “Energy Subsidy Reform: Lessons and Implications,” January 28, 2013,
www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2013/012813.pdf
.

9
. Management Information Services, “60 Years of Energy Incentives: Analysis of Federal Expenditures for Energy Development,” October 2011,
www.nei.org/corporatesite/media/filefolder/60_Years_of_Energy_Incentives_-_Analysis_of_Federal_Expenditures_for_Energy_Development_-_1950-2010.pdf
.

10
. State of New York Supreme Court Appellate Division Third Judicial Department, In the Matter of Norse Energy Corporation USA v. Town of Dryden et al., Dryden Resources Awareness Coalition, decided and entered May 2, 2013,
http://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/Dryden-Decision.pdf
.

11
. N. Pfund and B. Healey,
What Would Jefferson Do? The Historical Role of Federal Subsidies in Shaping America’s Energy Future
(San Francisco: DBL Investors, September 2011),
www.dblinvestors.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/What-Would-Jefferson-Do-2.4.pdf?597435&24e536
.

12
. M. Z. Jacobson et al., “Examining the Feasibility of Converting New York State’s All-Purpose Energy Infrastructure to One Using Wind, Water, and Sunlight,”
Energy Policy
57 (2013): 585–601.

13
. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety,
Renewable Energy Sources in Figures: National and International Development
(Berlin: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, July 2013),
http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Pools/Broschueren/ee_in_zahlen_en_bf.pdf
.

14
. Ecovillage at Ithaca, “Renewable Energy,” 2013,
http://ecovillageithaca.org/evi/index.php/about/renewable-energy
.

15
. Solar Washington, “Bainbridge Island City Hall Community Solar Project,” 2013,
http://solarwa.org/tour/bainbridge-island/bainbridge-island-city-hall-community-solar-project
.

16
. Solarize New York, “Community Empowerment Through Collective Bargaining,” 2013,
www.solarizenewyork.org/
.

17
. US Department of Energy, “New York Incentives/Policies for Renewables & Efficiency: Net Metering,” 2012,
www.dsireusa.org/incentives/incentive.cfm?Incentive_Code=NY05R
.

18
. E. Bruns, D. Ohlhorst, B. Wenzel, and J. Köppel,
Renewable Energies in Germany’s Electricity Market: A Biography of the Innovation Process
(New York: Springer, 2011).

19
. Passive House Institute, “The Independent Institute for Outstanding Energy Efficiency in Buildings,” 2012,
http://passiv.de/en/
.

20
. A. Kerr, “Plug-In Vehicles: Ready for Prime Time?”
Home Power
151 (2012): 102–8.

APPENDIX

1
. B.B. Van Diver,
Roadside Geology of New York
(Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing, 1985).

2
. A. Nikiforuk,
Tar Sands: Dirty Oil and the Future of a Continent
(Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2010).

3
.
Wikipedia
, s.v. “Marcellus Formation,” last modified December 26, 2013,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcellus_Formation
.

4
. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, “Geology,” September 30, 2009,
www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_minerals_pdf/ogdsgeischap4.pdf
.

5
.
Wikipedia
, s.v. “Utica Shale,” last modified October 23, 2013,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utica_Shale
.

6
. Marcellus Center for Outreach and Research (MCOR), “Wet-Dry Gas,” 2009,
www.marcellus.psu.edu/images/Wet-Dry_Line_with_Depth.gif
.

7
. “Energy: Deep Sigh of Relief,”
Economist
, March 16, 2013,
www.economist.com/news/special-report/21573279-shale-gas-and-oil-bonanza-transforming-americas-energy-outlook-and-boosting-its%60
.

8
. D. Hvinden, “So Why Are All These Gas Flares Burning in the Oil Fields?”
North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources Newsletter
36 (2009): 5–6.

9
. C. Krauss, “Oil Companies Are Sued for Waste of Natural Gas,”
New York Times
, October 17, 2013,
www.nytimes.com/2013/10/18/business/energy-environment/oil-companies-are-sued-over-natural-gas-flaring-in-north-dakota.html
.

10
. Chesapeake Energy, “Hydraulic Fracturing Fact Sheet,” May 2012,
http://www.chk.com/media/educational-library/fact-sheets/corporate/hydraulic_fracturing_fact_sheet.pdf
.

11
. Quoted in J. Goodell, “Rolling Stone Responds to Chesapeake Energy on ‘The Fracking Bubble,’ ”
Rolling Stone
, March 6, 2012,
www.rollingstone.com/politics/blogs/national-affairs/rolling-stone-responds-to-chesapeake-energy-on-the-fracking-bubble-20120306
.

12
. K. Fisher and N. Warpinski, “Hydraulic Fracture Height Growth: Real Data,”
Society of Petroleum Engineers Production & Operations
27 (2012): 8–19.

13
. R.E. Bishop, “Historical Analysis of Oil and Gas Well Plugging in New York: Is the Regulatory System Working?”
New Solutions
23, no. 1 (2013): 103–16.

14
. S. Detrow, “Perilous Pathways: How Drilling Near an Abandoned Well Produced a Methane Geyser,”
State Impact
, October 9, 2012,
http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2012/10/09/perilous-pathways-how-drilling-near-an-abandoned-well-produced-a-methane-geyser/
.

BOOK: The Real Cost of Fracking
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