The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks (62 page)

Parks with Martin Luther King Jr. circa 1955.

Parks and Stokely Carmichael outside Rev. Albert Cleage’s Central Congregational Church in Detroit, late 1960s.

Parks gets a kiss from her mother, Leona McCauley, after returning home from the civil rights march in Selma, Alabama, in 1965.

Parks, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Autherine Lucy prior to a civil rights rally at Madison Square Garden, 1956.

Parks and E. D. Nixon reunite in Detroit in 1976.

Parks surveys the book tables at the National Black Political Convention in Gary, Indiana.

Parks leads a march down Woodward Avenue in Detroit, August 1976.

Two Montgomery comrades, Parks and Virginia Durr, come together in South Hadley, Massachusetts, 1981.

Parks applauds a speech by Congressman John Conyers at a labor rally in Detroit, late 1980s.

Parks protests apartheid in front of the South African Embassy, Washington, D.C., 1985.

Please note that page numbers are not accurate for the e-book edition.

Abernathy, Ralph, 81–82, 86, 89, 92, 94, 95, 108, 111, 121, 135, 137, 141, 146, 163, 216, 218

Alabama Journal
, 43, 57, 110, 116, 124

Alabama State College, 10, 34, 45, 50, 51, 60, 73, 80, 81, 87

Aldridge, Dan, 197, 198, 222

Aldridge, Dorothy Dewberry, 191, 198–199

Algiers Motel incident and Peoples Tribunal, 195, 197–199

Allen, Erma Dungee, 90, 119, 121, 138

Anderson, Trezzvant, 142–143, 147

Atchison, Leon, 183, 205, 206

Austin, Richard, 180, 181, 187

Azbell, Joe, 82, 87, 95–96, 73

Baker, Ella, ix, 10, 20, 25–26, 42, 91, 118, 128, 153, 201, 204, 211, 219, 255n50

Bates, Daisy, 152, 161, 162, 175

Berry, Abner, 146, 147, 184

Black Arts Movement, 192, 223

black freedom movement, ix, xi, xv, 163, 185, 189, 200, 217, 218; Christianity, 39, 92, 131–132, 177–180, 202; direct action, 34, 57, 99, 136, 153, 208, 213, 221; northern protest, 165–170, 175–180

black migration, 165, 167–168, 171–172, 177

black nationalism, 3, 177, 178, 180, 197, 204, 206–207, 223, 227, 219; and black nationalist politics, 178

Black Panther Party, 228–229

Black Power movement, xii, xiii, 179, 191, 197, 201, 219–228

black radicalism, 18, 201–207, 220; and militancy, 6, 7, 18, 26, 83, 89, 118, 119, 138, 153, 165, 167, 175, 179, 197, 199, 202, 214; Parks and, xiii, 41, 84, 169, 203, 204, 206, 207

black self-defense, xii, xiii, 3, 9, 14–15, 99, 176, 201, 202, 207–209, 212–214

black women, x, xiii, xvi, 36, 38, 42, 44, 47, 48, 80, 111, 133, 189, 230; and discrimination in Detroit, 151, 171, 183; and education, 8–10, 16; and history of transportation protest, 64, 69, 97; and Million Man March, 232; and organization of Women’s Political Council, 51–52; and respectability, 57, 63, 78, 83–86, 88, 93; and roles for women, 17, 90, 91, 102, 103–104, 121, 138–139, 141, 160, 162, 181–182, 204, 212, 217, 218, 274n17; and sexual exploitation, 10–12, 16, 22–23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 48, 54, 58, 64, 93, 120, 226; and treatment at March on Washington, 160–163; and WPAC, 163

Blake, James Fred, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65–66, 67, 88, 134, 168, 263n116, 264n149

boycotts, 47, 226, 228; and aftermath of Montgomery bus boycott, 132–140; memorialization of bus boycott, ix-xiv, 150, 236, 238, 240, 241; Montgomery bus boycott, 1, 7, 9, 26, 34, 49, 51, 52, 54, 60, 63, 71–74, 78, 79, 80–135, 165, 201, 203, 204–205, 206, 208, 211, 262n102, 270n151, 278n145; New York bus boycott, 44; and Parks’s situation, 141–148, 150, 154, 155, 195, 211; River Rouge bank boycott, 156; threatened boycott of Dearborn, 231

Brinkley, Douglas, xi, 2, 12, 30, 37, 93, 100, 137, 139, 141, 158, 162, 196, 222, 288n183, 291n93

Brooks, Hilliard, 48–49, 113

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 17–18, 19, 30, 128, 165, 201, 211

Browder v. Gayle
, 108–109, 114, 132, 133, 141, 146

Brown II
(1955), 36

Brown v. Board of Education
, 18, 34, 35, 36, 39, 52, 55, 113, 114, 141, 146, 193

Burks, Mary Fair, 8, 9, 45, 51–52, 67, 74, 78, 79

Butler, Bertha, 32, 72, 187

Carmichael, Stokely, 179, 190, 191, 194, 215, 221

Carr, Johnnie, 8, 9, 17, 24, 26, 29, 55, 79–80

Carter, Eugene, 112

Carter, Mary Hays, 102, 186, 210

Central Congregational Church, 178, 179, 198

Chavis, Ben, 226, 230

Chisholm, Shirley, 218

Citizen’s Advisory Committee on Police Community Relations, 176

Citizens City-wide Action Committee (CCAC), 197–198

city councils: Montgomery (AL), 95; Detroit (MI), 175, 187, 199

civil rights movement.
See
black freedom movement

Civil Rights Act (1964), 159, 193, 283

Clark, Septima, 29, 38–39, 41–42, 71, 91, 130, 162, 201, 203, 211; and financial concerns of Parks 137, 139, 144, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 163; and Parks’s assistance for Highlander, 148, 153, 158

Cleage, Albert, 175, 177, 178–180, 191, 192, 197–199, 210, 211, 223

Cleveland Courts projects, 49, 72–73, 75, 80, 86, 94, 108, 134, 241; history of, 32, 256n95

Cold War, 83, 84, 94, 118, 145, 158, 169, 212

Colvin, Claudette, xi, 31, 33, 51, 64, 85, 114; bus arrest and case, 53–54, 56–60, 67, 69, 74, 76, 79, 80

Communist Party, 15, 35, 37, 77, 83, 96, 112, 128, 141, 145–148, 155, 165, 168, 184–185, 187, 188, 189, 204, 224; and anti-communism, xiv, 24,176