The Red Flag: A History of Communism (133 page)

Mlynář, Zdeněk,
215–16
,
342–3
,
424
,
425
,
428–9

modernist Marxism,
xxiv
,
xxv
,
41
,
42–3
,
62–3
,
72
,
137

modernization, American,
385

Mondlane, Eduardo,
397

Mosinee, staged Communist occupation of,
227–8

Mozambique,
473
,
478–80
,
530

MPLA (
Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola
),
397–8

Mujahedin, US support for,
530–31

multi-party elections,
543–4

music, rock,
448–50

Nagy, Imre,
332

nationalism

Africa,
397–8

Asia,
237

in China,
247–8

as corroding the USSR,
548

Eastern Europe,
415
,
548

feelings of in USSR during Second World War,
206

Marxist responses to,
58–9

Palestinian,
471

policy towards in 1930s USSR,
159–61

and Romania,
406–8

in Soviet bloc,
548

tension with Communists,
377

Nazi takeover of Germany in 1933,
189

neo-conservatives,
520–22
,
559
,
570

neo-liberalism,
521
,
526

Communist adaptations to,
561–6

in Eastern Europe,
559–60

failure in Russia,
560–61

and failure of Communism,
557–8

failure of Lehman Brothers,
570

Third Way,
559

Nepal,
567

Neruda, Pablo,
198

New Economic Policy, Russia,
99–100
,
140
,
141–3
,
145
,
146

New Left thinkers,
458–9

Nguyen Tat Thanh,
234–5

see also
Ho Chi Minh

Nicaragua,
499–500
,
529–30

Nicholas II, Tsar, coronation,
63

1960s

strength and variety of communism,
454

student rebellions of,
452–3
,
456–7
,
463–4
,
467

Nixon, Richard,
343
,
450–51

Nkrumah, Kwame,
394

Non-Aligned Movement, founding of,
375

North Korea,
267–9

High Stalinist policies,
409

military model in everyday life,
411

retention of hierarchical order,
410–11

retention of Marxist-Leninist ideology,
565

self-reliance philosophy,
410

Northern Expedition of Chiang Kaishek,
248

Not by Bread Alone
(Dudintsev),
339–41

Notes from the Underground
(Dostoyevsky),
68–9

Novocherkassk strike,
346–7

Nyerere, Julius,
393
,
394

Oath of the Horatii, The
(David),
4–5

October
(Eisenstein),
132–4

October Manifesto,
78

oil-price increase 1973, impact of,
432
,
475

One-Dimensional Man
(Marcuse),
457

Orange Alternative,
542–3

Orwell, George,
200–201

Osterroth, Nikolaus,
47–8

Ostrovskii, Nikolai,
164–5
,
300

Owen, Robert,
21–2

PAIGC,
397
,
398

Palestine, nationalist movement,
471

Papu, Edgar,
404

Paris

exposition 1937,
182–4

imagined exposition after Second World War,
211

Paris Commune of 1871,
37

Party Card
(Pyrev),
174–5

Pasha Angelina,
163–4
,
284

paternalism in Rousseau ,
5
,
6

paternalism of party-states,
435–6
,
444–5

paternalism under Stalin,
162–5

paternalistic socialism,
430

Patricide
(Qazbegi),
136

patriotism, Soviet,
159–61

peasants

Chinese, revolutionary role for,
252–3

as difficult to mobilize in China,
263

guerrilla movements,
472–3

Russian: Bolsheviks as lesser evil for than Whites,
97
; exploitation of,
151–5
; hostility to Soviet regime,
171–2
; Stalinist regime’s compromises with,
156

‘People or Monsters’ reportage piece,
503–4

People’s Republic of China

foundation of,
266–7

see also
China

‘People’s Will’, Russia,
70

Pepetela,
395

permanent revolution, theory of,
34

personal relationships, time available for under Communism,
441–2

Peru,
566–7

Petersburg
(Bely),
80–81

Philippines,
271

Pinochet, General Augusto,
475

Pioneer Palace,
315–16

Plekhanov, Georgii,
72

Pol Pot,
489–95

Poland

1989 compared to previous revolutionary years,
546

banks, investment by,
432–3

Catholic Church in,
518–19

commitment to the collective,
446

debt crises,
524–5

multi-party elections,
543–4

opinions on socialism in 1980s,
511

Orange Alternative,
542–3

Poznań riots,
333

reforms in,
333–4

Solidarity,
525

white- and blue-collar workers,
517

worker–intelligensia alliance,
518–19

worker protests,
431

pop music,
448–50

Popular Front

Bulgaria,
213

in Central and Eastern Europe,
211–19

crises of,
199–200

Czechoslovakia,
213
,
215–16

Czechs,
209–10

destruction of,
225–7

France,
192–3

governments,
184–5

Hungary,
213
,
215–16

against Nazism,
207–8

Soviet policy towards,
191–2

Stalin as supporter of,
210

Togliatti as supporter,
208–9

Yugoslavia,
213
,
218–19

Port Arthur,
77

Portugal, Carnation Revolution,
475–6

Potemkin, Leonid,
167–8

poverty in the USSR,
276–7

Poznań riots,
333

Prague Spring,
425–8

Prieur de la Côte-d-Or, Claude-Antoine,
11

Proletkults,
98

proletarianization,
144–5

Prometheanism,
xxi–xxiv

protochronism,
404

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph,
21

Provisional Government, Russia,
82–3

Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA),
465

Pudovkin, Vsevolod,
61–2
,
133

purges,
144–5

in 1930s,
149

Eastern Europe,
289–90

ethnic, during Second World War,
207

rectification in China,
259–61

Putin, Vladimir,
560–61

Pye, Lucien,
264

Pyrev, Ivan,
174–5

Qazbegi, Aleksandr,
136

radical Marxism,
xxiv–xxv

Reagan, Ronald

change in approach to USSR from 1984,
536